US4675302A
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Low expansion ceramic material
Assignee: Applied Biosystems Inc
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Filing: 1984-06-01
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Granted: 1987-06-23
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Expires: 2004-06-01
Abstract
Abstract A low expansion ceramic composition is represented by the formula Ca 0 .5 Ti 2 P 3 O 12 in which up to 100 percent of the Ca is replaced by one or more of the other alkaline earth metals and alkali metals, the alkali metals being selected from the group consisting of Na, Li, K and combinations thereof and substituted in the ratio of two units of alkali metal for each unit of Ca replaced. Up to 100 percent of the Ti is replaced by one or more members selected from the group consisting of Zr, Sn, Nb, Ta and Cr. For each unit of Cr replacement an approximately equal unit of alkali metal is added. For each unit of Nb and/or Ta replacement an approximately equal unit of Na and/or K replaces a unit of Ca. Up to 100 percent of the P may be replaced by Si and/or S. The total of the amounts of Ca, other alkaline earth metals, Li, K, Ti, Sn, Nb, Ta and Cr is greater then zero. Preferably up to 100 percent of the Ca is replaced by Na, and up to 100 percent of the Ti is replaced by Zr or NaCr. The ceramic composition is especially suitable for optically reflecting films.
Inventors
- 👤 Rustum Roy
- 👤 Dinesh K. Agrawal
- 👤 Ronnen A. Roy
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-29 07:16
CPC Classifications
C; C04; C04B; C04B35/00; C04B35/01; C04B35/447; G; G02; G02B; G02B5/00; G02B5/08; G02B5/0816; G02B5/0825; G02B5/0833; G02B5/085; G02B5/0858; G02B5/0891; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S359/00; Y10S359/90
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 40
Claim 1
Independent Claim
176 words
A ceramic material characterized by low coefficient of thermal expansion and having a composition based on the formula Ca 0 .5 Ti 2 P 3 O 12 , wherein: up to 100 percent of the Ca is replaced by one or more of the other alkaline earth metals and Na, the Na being substituted in the ratio of two units of Na for each unit of Ca replaced; up to 100 percent of the Ti is replaced by one or more members selected from the group consisting of Zr, Sn, Nb, Ta and Cr; up to 100 percent of the P is replaced by one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Si and S; for each unit of Cr replacement an approximately equal unit of alkali metal is added; for each unit of Nb and Ta replacement an approximately equal unit of Ca is replaced by a unit of alkali metal; and the total of the amounts of Ca, other alkaline earth metals, Ti, Sn, Nb, Ta and Cr is greater then zero.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
176 words
A ceramic material characterized by low coefficient of thermal expansion and having a composition based on the formula Ca 0 .5 Ti 2 P 3 O 12 , wherein: up to 100 percent of the Ca is replaced by one or more of the other alkaline earth metals and Na, the Na being substituted in the ratio of two units of Na for each unit of Ca replaced; up to 100 percent of the Ti is replaced by one or more members selected from the group consisting of Zr, Sn, Nb, Ta and Cr; up to 100 percent of the P is replaced by one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Si and S; for each unit of Cr replacement an approximately equal unit of alkali metal is added; for each unit of Nb and Ta replacement an approximately equal unit of Ca is replaced by a unit of alkali metal; and the total of the amounts of Ca, other alkaline earth metals, Ti, Sn, Nb, Ta and Cr is greater then zero.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
155 words
A ceramic material characterized by low coefficient of thermal expansion and having a composition based on the formula Ca 0 .5 Ti 2 P 3 O 12 , wherein: up to 100 percent of the Ca is replaced by one or more of the other alkaline earth metals and Na, the Na being thereof and substituted in the ratio of two units of Na for each unit of Ca replaced; up to 100 percent of the Ti is replaced by one or more members selected from the group consisting of Zr, Sn, Nb, Ta and Cr; for each unit of Cr replacement an approximately equal unit of alkali metal is added; for each unit of Nb and Ta replacement an approximately equal unit of Ca is replaced by a unit of alkali metal; and the total of the amounts of Ca, other alkaline earth metals, Ti, Sn, Nb, Ta and Cr is greater then zero.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
155 words
A ceramic material characterized by low coefficient of thermal expansion and having a composition based on the formula Ca 0 .5 Ti 2 P 3 O 12 , wherein: up to 100 percent of the Ca is replaced by one or more of the other alkaline earth metals and Na, the Na being thereof and substituted in the ratio of two units of Na for each unit of Ca replaced; up to 100 percent of the Ti is replaced by one or more members selected from the group consisting of Zr, Sn, Nb, Ta and Cr; for each unit of Cr replacement an approximately equal unit of alkali metal is added; for each unit of Nb and Ta replacement an approximately equal unit of Ca is replaced by a unit of alkali metal; and the total of the amounts of Ca, other alkaline earth metals, Ti, Sn, Nb, Ta and Cr is greater then zero.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
34 words
A ceramic material according to claim 2, wherein the total of the amounts of Ca, other alkaline earth metals, Ti, Sn, Nb, Ta and Cr is greater than 10 atomic percent of the composition.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
69 words
A ceramic material according to claim 2, wherein: up to 100 percent of the Ca is replaced by Na in the ratio of two units of Na for each unit of Ca replaced; up to 100 percent of the Ti is replaced by a member selected from the group consisting of Zr, NaCr, and combinations thereof; and the total of the Ca, Ti and NaCr is greater than zero.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
25 words
A ceramic material according to claim 4, wherein the total of the Ca, Ti and NaCr is greater than 10 atomic percent of the composition.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
20 words
The ceramic material of claim 2 having substantially the composition Ca 0 .5 Zr 2 P 3 O 12 .
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
24 words
The ceramic material of claim 2 having substantially the composition Na 1 .5 Zr 1 .5 Cr 0 .5 P 3 O 12 .
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
19 words
The ceramic material of claim 2 having substantially the composition Na 3 Cr 2 P 3 O 12 .
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
42 words
A ceramic material selected from the group consisting of Ca 0 .5 Zr 2 P 3 O 12 , Na 1 .5 Zr 1 .5 Cr 0 .5 P 3 O 12 and Na 3 Cr 2 P 3 O 12 .
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
42 words
A ceramic material selected from the group consisting of Ca 0 .5 Zr 2 P 3 O 12 , Na 1 .5 Zr 1 .5 Cr 0 .5 P 3 O 12 and Na 3 Cr 2 P 3 O 12 .
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
95 words
A ceramic substrate for an optical reflector characterized by resistance to distortion and fracture under variations in temperature, having a composition based on Ca 0 .5 Ti 2 P 3 O 12 , wherein: up to 100 percent of the Ca is replaced by Na in the ratio of two units of Na for each unit of Ca replaced; up to 100 percent of the Ti is replaced by a member selected from the group consisting of Zr, NaCr, and combinations thereof; and the total of the Ca, Ti and NaCr is greater than zero.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
95 words
A ceramic substrate for an optical reflector characterized by resistance to distortion and fracture under variations in temperature, having a composition based on Ca 0 .5 Ti 2 P 3 O 12 , wherein: up to 100 percent of the Ca is replaced by Na in the ratio of two units of Na for each unit of Ca replaced; up to 100 percent of the Ti is replaced by a member selected from the group consisting of Zr, NaCr, and combinations thereof; and the total of the Ca, Ti and NaCr is greater than zero.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
24 words
A substrate according to claim 10 wherein the total of the Ca, Ti and NaCr is greater than 10 atomic percent of the composition.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
26 words
A substrate according to claim 10 wherein the low expansion ceramic material has substantially the composition Ca 0 .5 Zr 2 P 3 O 12 .
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
30 words
A substrate according to claim 10 wherein the low expansion ceramic material has substantially the composition Na 1 .5 Zr 1 .5 Cr 0 .5 P 3 O 12 .
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
25 words
A substrate according to claim 10 wherein the low expansion ceramic material has substantially the composition Na 3 Cr 2 P 3 O 12 .
Claim 19
Independent Claim
202 words
A method of supporting an optically reflecting film so as to resist distortion and fracture under variations in temperature, which comprises providing a substrate for the optically reflecting film, the substrate being a low expansion ceramic material having a composition based on the formula Ca 0 .5 Ti 2 P 3 O 12 , wherein: up to 100 percent of the Ca is replaced by one or more other alkaline earth metals or Na, the Na being thereof and substituted in the ratio of two units of Na for each unit of Ca replaced; up to 100 percent of the Ti is replaced by one or more members selected from the group consisting of Zr, Sn, Nb, Ta and Cr; up to 100 percent of the P is replaced by one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Si and S; for each unit of Cr replacement an approximately equal unit of alkali metal is added; for each unit of Nb and Ta replacement an approximately equal unit of Ca is replaced by a unit of alkali metal; and the total of the amounts of Ca, other alkaline earth metals, Ti, Sn, Nb, Ta and Cr is greater then zero.
Claim 20
Independent Claim
202 words
A method of supporting an optically reflecting film so as to resist distortion and fracture under variations in temperature, which comprises providing a substrate for the optically reflecting film, the substrate being a low expansion ceramic material having a composition based on the formula Ca 0 .5 Ti 2 P 3 O 12 , wherein: up to 100 percent of the Ca is replaced by one or more other alkaline earth metals or Na, the Na being thereof and substituted in the ratio of two units of Na for each unit of Ca replaced; up to 100 percent of the Ti is replaced by one or more members selected from the group consisting of Zr, Sn, Nb, Ta and Cr; up to 100 percent of the P is replaced by one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Si and S; for each unit of Cr replacement an approximately equal unit of alkali metal is added; for each unit of Nb and Ta replacement an approximately equal unit of Ca is replaced by a unit of alkali metal; and the total of the amounts of Ca, other alkaline earth metals, Ti, Sn, Nb, Ta and Cr is greater then zero.
Claim 21
Independent Claim
181 words
A method of supporting an optically reflecting film so as to resist distortion and fracture under variations in temperature, which comprises providing a substrate for the optically reflecting film, the substrate being a low expansion ceramic material having a composition based on the formula Ca 0 .5 Ti 2 P 3 O 12 , wherein: up to 100 percent of the Ca is replaced by one or more other alkaline earth metals or Na, the Na being thereof and substituted in the ratio of two units of Na for each unit of Ca replaced; up to 100 percent of the Ti is replaced by one or more other of members selected from the group consisting of Zr, Sn, Nb, Ta and Cr; for each unit of Cr replacement an approximately equal unit of alkali metal is added; for each unit of Nb and Ta replacement an approximately equal unit of Ca is replaced by a unit of alkali metal; and the total of the amounts of Ca, other alkaline earth metals, Ti, Sn, Nb, Ta and Cr is greater then zero.
Claim 22
Independent Claim
181 words
A method of supporting an optically reflecting film so as to resist distortion and fracture under variations in temperature, which comprises providing a substrate for the optically reflecting film, the substrate being a low expansion ceramic material having a composition based on the formula Ca 0 .5 Ti 2 P 3 O 12 , wherein: up to 100 percent of the Ca is replaced by one or more other alkaline earth metals or Na, the Na being thereof and substituted in the ratio of two units of Na for each unit of Ca replaced; up to 100 percent of the Ti is replaced by one or more other of members selected from the group consisting of Zr, Sn, Nb, Ta and Cr; for each unit of Cr replacement an approximately equal unit of alkali metal is added; for each unit of Nb and Ta replacement an approximately equal unit of Ca is replaced by a unit of alkali metal; and the total of the amounts of Ca, other alkaline earth metals, Ti, Sn, Nb, Ta and Cr is greater then zero.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
68 words
A method according to claim 16 wherein: up to 100 percent of the Ca is replaced by Na in the ratio of two units of Na for each unit for Ca replaced; up to 100 percent of the Ti is replaced by a member selected from the group consisting of Zr, NaCr, and combinations thereof; and the total of the Ca, Ti and NaCr is greater than zero.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
26 words
A method according to claim 17 wherein the low expansion ceramic material has substantially the composition Ca 0 .5 Zr 2 P 3 O 12 .
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
30 words
A method according to claim 17 wherein the low expansion ceramic material has substantially the composition Na 1 .5 Zr 1 .5 Cr 0 .5 P 3 O 12 .
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
25 words
A method according to claim 17 wherein the low expansion ceramic material has substantially the composition Na 3 Cr 2 P 3 O 12 .
Claim 27
Independent Claim
206 words
A method of manufacturing a low expansion ceramic material comprising: forming a body of the desired configuration of a composition of ceramic precursor ingredients represented by a molecular formula Ca 0 .5 Ti 2 P 3 O 12 , wherein: up to 100 percent of the Ca is replaced by one or more of the other alkaline earth metals and Na, the Na being substituted in the ratio of two units of Na for each unit of Ca replaced; up to 100 percent of the Ti is replaced by one or more members selected from the group consisting of Zr, Sn, Nb, Ta and Cr; up to 100 percent of the P is replaced by one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Si and S; and for each unit of Cr replacement an approximately equal unit of alkali metal is added; for each unit of Nb and Ta replacement an approximately equal unit of Ca is replaced by a unit of alkali metal; and the total of the amounts of Ca, other alkaline earth metals, Ti, Sn, Nb, Ta and Cr is greater than zero; heating the body under conditions of time and temperature effective to sinter the body; and cooling the body.
Claim 28
Independent Claim
206 words
A method of manufacturing a low expansion ceramic material comprising: forming a body of the desired configuration of a composition of ceramic precursor ingredients represented by a molecular formula Ca 0 .5 Ti 2 P 3 O 12 , wherein: up to 100 percent of the Ca is replaced by one or more of the other alkaline earth metals and Na, the Na being substituted in the ratio of two units of Na for each unit of Ca replaced; up to 100 percent of the Ti is replaced by one or more members selected from the group consisting of Zr, Sn, Nb, Ta and Cr; up to 100 percent of the P is replaced by one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Si and S; and for each unit of Cr replacement an approximately equal unit of alkali metal is added; for each unit of Nb and Ta replacement an approximately equal unit of Ca is replaced by a unit of alkali metal; and the total of the amounts of Ca, other alkaline earth metals, Ti, Sn, Nb, Ta and Cr is greater than zero; heating the body under conditions of time and temperature effective to sinter the body; and cooling the body.
Claim 29
Independent Claim
182 words
A method of manufacturing a low expansion ceramic material comprising: forming a body of the desired configuration of a composition of ceramic precursor ingredients represented by a molecular formula Ca 0 .5 Ti 2 P 3 O 12 , wherein: up to 100 percent of the Ca is replaced by one or more other alkaline earth metals or Na the Na being K and substituted in the ratio of two units of alkali metal for each unit of Ca replaced; up to 100 percent of the Ti is replaced by one or more members selected from the group consisting of Zr, Sn, Nb, Ta Cr; for each unit of Cr replacement an approximately equal unit of Na is added; and for each unit of Nb and Ta replacement an approximately equal unit of Ca is replaced by a unit of alkali metal; and the total of the amounts of Ca, other alkaline earth metals, Ti, Sn, Nb, Ta and Cr is greater than zero; heating the body under conditions of time and temperature effective to sinter the body; and cooling the body.
Claim 30
Independent Claim
182 words
A method of manufacturing a low expansion ceramic material comprising: forming a body of the desired configuration of a composition of ceramic precursor ingredients represented by a molecular formula Ca 0 .5 Ti 2 P 3 O 12 , wherein: up to 100 percent of the Ca is replaced by one or more other alkaline earth metals or Na the Na being K and substituted in the ratio of two units of alkali metal for each unit of Ca replaced; up to 100 percent of the Ti is replaced by one or more members selected from the group consisting of Zr, Sn, Nb, Ta Cr; for each unit of Cr replacement an approximately equal unit of Na is added; and for each unit of Nb and Ta replacement an approximately equal unit of Ca is replaced by a unit of alkali metal; and the total of the amounts of Ca, other alkaline earth metals, Ti, Sn, Nb, Ta and Cr is greater than zero; heating the body under conditions of time and temperature effective to sinter the body; and cooling the body.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
49 words
A method according to claim 22 wherein: up to 100 percent of the Ca is replaced by Na in the ratio of two to one; and up to 100 percent of the Ti is replaced by a member selected from the group consisting of Zr, NaCr, and combinations thereof.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
22 words
A method according to claim 22 wherein the molecular formula is substantially Ca 0 .5 Zr 2 P 3 O 12 .
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
26 words
A method according to claim 22 wherein the molecular formula is substantially Na 1 .5 Zr 1 .5 Cr 0 .5 P 3 O 12 .
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
21 words
A method according to claim 22 wherein the molecular formula is substantially Na 3 Cr 2 P 3 O 12 .
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
25 words
A method according to claim 22, wherein the conditions of time and temperature are effective to impart to the body a single phase crystal structure.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
194 words
A structural element characterized by high dimensional stability under even extreme temperature variations fabricated of a ceramic material comprising the heat reaction product, fired to ceramic maturity, of a composition represented by the molecular formula Ca 0 .5 Ti 2 P 3 O 12 , wherein: up to 100 percent of the Ca is replaced by one or more of the other alkaline earth metals and Na, the Na being thereof and substituted in the ratio of two units of Na for each unit of Ca replaced; up to 100 percent of the Ti is replaced by one or more members selected from the group consisting of Zr, Sn, Nb, Ta and Cr; up to 100 percent of the P is replaced by one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Si and S; for each unit of Cr replacement an approximately equal unit of Na is added; and for each unit of Nb and Ta replacement an approximately equal unit of Ca is replaced by a unit of alkali metal; the total of the amounts of Ca, other alkaline earth metals, Ti, Sn, Nb, Ta and Cr is greater then zero.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
194 words
A structural element characterized by high dimensional stability under even extreme temperature variations fabricated of a ceramic material comprising the heat reaction product, fired to ceramic maturity, of a composition represented by the molecular formula Ca 0 .5 Ti 2 P 3 O 12 , wherein: up to 100 percent of the Ca is replaced by one or more of the other alkaline earth metals and Na, the Na being thereof and substituted in the ratio of two units of Na for each unit of Ca replaced; up to 100 percent of the Ti is replaced by one or more members selected from the group consisting of Zr, Sn, Nb, Ta and Cr; up to 100 percent of the P is replaced by one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Si and S; for each unit of Cr replacement an approximately equal unit of Na is added; and for each unit of Nb and Ta replacement an approximately equal unit of Ca is replaced by a unit of alkali metal; the total of the amounts of Ca, other alkaline earth metals, Ti, Sn, Nb, Ta and Cr is greater then zero.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
172 words
A structural element characterized by high dimensional stability under even extreme temperature variations fabricated of a ceramic material comprising the heat reaction product, fired to ceramic maturity, of a composition represented by the molecular formula Ca 0 .5 Ti 2 P 3 O 12 , wherein: up to 100 percent of the Ca is replaced by one or more of the other alkaline earth metals and Na, the Na being thereof and substituted in the ratio of two units of Na for each unit of Ca replaced; up to 100 percent of the Ti is replaced by one or more members selected from the group consisting of Zr, Sn, Nb, Ta and Cr; for each unit of Cr replacement an approximately equal unit of alkali metal is added; for each unit of Nb and Ta replacement an approximately equal unit of Ca is replaced by a unit of alkali metal; and the total of the amounts of Ca, other alkaline earth metals, Ti, Sn, Nb, Ta and Cr is greater then zero.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
172 words
A structural element characterized by high dimensional stability under even extreme temperature variations fabricated of a ceramic material comprising the heat reaction product, fired to ceramic maturity, of a composition represented by the molecular formula Ca 0 .5 Ti 2 P 3 O 12 , wherein: up to 100 percent of the Ca is replaced by one or more of the other alkaline earth metals and Na, the Na being thereof and substituted in the ratio of two units of Na for each unit of Ca replaced; up to 100 percent of the Ti is replaced by one or more members selected from the group consisting of Zr, Sn, Nb, Ta and Cr; for each unit of Cr replacement an approximately equal unit of alkali metal is added; for each unit of Nb and Ta replacement an approximately equal unit of Ca is replaced by a unit of alkali metal; and the total of the amounts of Ca, other alkaline earth metals, Ti, Sn, Nb, Ta and Cr is greater then zero.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
69 words
A structural element according to claim 29 wherein: up to 100 percent of the Ca is replaced by Na in the ratio of two units of Na for each unit of Ca replaced; up to 100 percent of the Ti is replaced by a member selected from the group consisting of Zr, NaCr, and combinations thereof; and the total of the Ca, Ti and NaCr is greater than zero.
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