US4668593A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Solvated electron lithium electrode for high energy density battery
Assignee: Eltron Research Inc
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Filing: 1986-08-29
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Granted: 1987-05-26
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Expires: 2006-08-29
Abstract
Abstract A solvated electron lithium electrode comprising a solution of lithium dissolved in liquid ammonia is provided for use in rechargeable high energy density lithium-based cells utilizing a lithium ion conducting solid electrolyte to separate the liquid solvated negative electrode from liquid positive electroactive material or electrolyte. The rechargeable lithium-based cell according to the present invention reduces coulombic efficiency losses associated with surface morphological changes at a solid lithium electrode, and is suitable for electrical vehicle propulsion and load leveling applications.
Inventors
- 👤 Anthony F. Sammells
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-28 19:01
CPC Classifications
H; H01; H01M; H01M6/00; H01M6/14; H01M6/18; H01M10/00; H01M10/36; Y; Y02; Y02E; Y02E60/00; Y02E60/10
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 32
Claim 1
Independent Claim
73 words
A rechargeable high energy density lithium-based cell comprising: a solvated electron lithium negative electrode comprising a solution of lithium dissolved in liquid ammonia; a lithium ion conducting solid electrolyte contacting said negative electrode; a liquid non-aqueous lithium ion conducting electrolyte comprising a lithium ion conducting supporting electrolyte dissolved in a non-aqueous solvent, said liquid electrolyte contacting said lithium ion conducting solid electrolyte; and a solid lithium intercalation positive electrode contacting said liquid electrolyte.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
73 words
A rechargeable high energy density lithium-based cell comprising: a solvated electron lithium negative electrode comprising a solution of lithium dissolved in liquid ammonia; a lithium ion conducting solid electrolyte contacting said negative electrode; a liquid non-aqueous lithium ion conducting electrolyte comprising a lithium ion conducting supporting electrolyte dissolved in a non-aqueous solvent, said liquid electrolyte contacting said lithium ion conducting solid electrolyte; and a solid lithium intercalation positive electrode contacting said liquid electrolyte.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
28 words
A rechargeable high energy density lithium-based cell according to claim 1 wherein the concentration of said lithium in said liquid ammonia is about 0.l M to about 7.75M.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
26 words
A rechargeable high energy density lithium-based cell according to claim 1 wherein said lithium in said liquid ammonia is about 1.0 M to about 3.5 M.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
20 words
A rechargeable high energy density lithium-based cell according to claim 1 additionally comprising a current collector at said negative electrode.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
154 words
A rechargeable high energy density lithium-based cell according to claim 1 wherein said lithium ion conducting solid electrolyte is selected from the group consisting of: LiI-Li 2 S-SiS 2 ; LiI-Li 2 S-P 2 S 5 ; LiI-Li 2 S-B 2 S 3 ; Li 2 O-SiO 2 -P 2 O 5 ; LiI-Li 2 S-As 2 S 3 ; LiBr-Li 2 S-SiS 2 ; LiX-Li 2 O-B 2 O 3 where X=Cl or Br - ; Li 2 O-B 2 O 3 ; LiAlSiO 4 ; Li 7 BiO 4 ; Li 8 SnO 6 ; Li 8 HfO 6 ; Li 8 CeO 6 ; Li 8 ZrO 6 ; Li 7 NbO 6 ; Li 7 TaO 6 ; Li 6 In 2 O 6 ; LiI; LiCl; LiF; and Li 4 SiO 4 (containing 9 and 50 m/o Li 3 PO 4 ); and lithium ion conducting beta- and beta"-aluminas.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
30 words
A rechargeable high energy density lithium-based cell according to claim 1 wherein said lithium ion conducting solid electrolyte comprises 0.3 m/o LiI-0.42 m/o Li 2 S-0.28 m/o SiS 2 .
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
74 words
A rechargeable high energy density lithium-based cell according to claim 1 wherein said lithium ion conducting supporting electrolyte is selected from the group consisting of: LiCF 3 SO 3 ; LiAsF 6 ; LiClO 4 ; LiAlCl 4 ; LiGaCl 4 ; LiBF 4 ; and LiCl; and said non-aqueous solvent is selected from the group consisting of: tetrahydrofuran and its derivatives; propylene carbonate; acetonitrile; 1,3-dioxalane; N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone; sulpholane; methylformate; dimethylsulfate; γ-butyrolactone; and 1,2 dimethoxyethane.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
116 words
A rechargeable high energy density lithium-based cell according to claim 1 wherein said lithium intercalation positive electrode is selected from the group consisting of: TiS 2 ; ZrS 2 ; ZrSe 2 ; VSe 2 ; V 2 S 5 ; Fe 0 .25 V 0 .75 S 2 ; Cr 0 .75 V 0 .25 S 2 ; Cr 0 .5 V 0 .5 S 2 ; NbS 3 ; NiPS 3 ; FeOCl; UO 2 F 2 ; NbSe3; MoS 3 ; CuS; Cr 3 O 8 ; V 6 O 13 (stoichiometric); V 6 O 13 (non-stoichiometric); TaS 2 ; MoS 2 ; MoSe 2 ; WS 2 ; and WSe 2 .
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
74 words
A rechargeable high energy density lithium-based cell according to claim 8 wherein said lithium ion conducting supporting electrolyte is selected from the group consisting of: LiCF 3 SO 3 ; LiAsF 6 ; LiClO 4 ; LiAlCl 4 ; LiGaCl 4 ; LiBF 4 ; and LiCl; and said non-aqueous solvent is selected from the group consisting of: tetrahydrofuran and its derivatives; propylene carbonate; acetonitrile; 1,3-dioxalane; N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone; sulpholane; methylformate; dimethylsulfate; γ-butyrolactone; and 1,2 dimethoxyethane.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
154 words
A rechargeable high energy density lithium-based cell according to claim 9 wherein said lithium ion conducting solid electrolyte is selected from the group consisting of: LiI-Li 2 S-SiS 2 ; LiI-Li 2 S-P 2 S 5 ; LiI-Li 2 S-B 2 S 3 ; Li 2 O-SiO 2 -P 2 O 5 ; LiI-Li 2 S-As 2 S 3 ; LiBr-Li 2 S-SiS 2 ; LiX-Li 2 O-B 2 O 3 where X=Cl or Br - ; Li 2 O-B 2 O 3 ; LiAlSiO 4 ; Li 7 BiO 4 ; Li 8 SnO 6 ; Li 8 HfO 6 ; Li 8 CeO 6 ; Li 8 ZrO 6 ; Li 7 NbO 6 ; Li 7 TaO 6 ; Li 6 In 2 O 6 ; LiI, LiCl, LiF, and Li 4 SiO 4 (containing 9 and 50 m/o Li 3 PO 4 ); and lithium ion conducting beta- and beta"-aluminas.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
28 words
A rechargeable high energy density lithium-based cell according to claim 10 wherein said solution of lithium dissolved in liquid ammonia is provided in a sealed negative electrode compartment.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
28 words
A rechargeable high energy density lithium-based cell according to claim 1 wherein said solution of lithium dissolved in liquid ammonia is provided in a sealed negative electrode compartment.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
64 words
A rechargeable high energy density lithium-based cell comprising: a solvated electron lithium negative electrode comprising a solution of lithium dissolved in liquid ammonia; lithium ion conducting solid electrolyte contacting said negative electrode; liquid non-aqueous lithium ion conducting positive electroactive material comprising a lithium ion conducting supporting electrolyte dissolved in a non-aqueous solvent and a liquid depolarizing agent contacting said lithium ion conducting solid electrolyte.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
64 words
A rechargeable high energy density lithium-based cell comprising: a solvated electron lithium negative electrode comprising a solution of lithium dissolved in liquid ammonia; lithium ion conducting solid electrolyte contacting said negative electrode; liquid non-aqueous lithium ion conducting positive electroactive material comprising a lithium ion conducting supporting electrolyte dissolved in a non-aqueous solvent and a liquid depolarizing agent contacting said lithium ion conducting solid electrolyte.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
21 words
A rechargeable high energy density lithium-based cell according to claim 13 additionally comprising a current collector contacting said positive electroactive material.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
153 words
A rechargeable high energy density lithium-based cell according to claim 13 wherein said lithium ion conducting solid electrolyte is selected from the group consisting of: LiI-Li 2 S-SiS 2 ; LiI-Li 2 S-P 2 S 5 ; LiI-Li 2 S-B 2 S 3 ; Li 2 O-SiO 2 -P 2 O 5 ; LiI-Li 2 S-As 2 S 3 ; LiBr-Li 2 S-SiS 2 ; LiX-Li 2 O-B 2 O 3 where X=Cl or Br -; Li 2 O-B 2 O 3 ; LiAlSiO 4 ; Li 7 BiO 4 ; Li 8 SnO 6 ; Li 8 HfO 6 ; Li 8 CeO 6 ; Li 8 ZrO 6 ; Li 7 NbO 6 ; Li 7 TaO 6 ; Li 6 In 2 O 6 ; LiI, LiCl, LiF, and Li 4 SiO 4 (containing 9 and 50 m/o Li 3 PO 4 ); and lithium ion conducting beta- and beta"-aluminas.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
30 words
A rechargeable high energy density lithium-based cell according to claim 13 wherein said lithium ion conducting solid electrolyte comprises 0.3 m/o LiI-0.42 m/o Li 2 S-0.28 m/o SiS 2 .
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
98 words
A rechargeable high energy density lithium-based cell according to claim 13 wherein said lithium ion conducting supporting electrolyte is selected from the group consisting of: LiCF 3 SO 3 ; LiAsF 6 ; LiClO 4 ; LiAlCl 4 ; LiGaCl 4 ; LiBF 4 ; and LiCl; and said non-aqueous solvent is selected from the group consisting of: tetrahydrofuran and its derivatives; propylene carbonate; acetonitrile; 1,3-dioxalane; N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone; sulpholane; methylformate; dimethylsulfate; γ-butyrolactone; and 1,2 dimethoxyethane; and said liquid depolarizing agent is selected from the group consisting of: SO 2 ; SO 2 Cl 2 ; and SOCl 2 .
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
118 words
A rechargeable high energy density lithium-based cell according to claim 13 wherein said lithium intercalation positive electrode is selected from the group consisting of: TiS 2 ; ZrS 2 ; ZrSe 2 ; VSe 2 ; V 2 S 5 ; Fe 0 .25 V 0 .75 S 2 ; Cr 0 .75 V 0 .25 S 2 ; Cr 0 .5 V 0 .5 S 2 ; NbS 3 ; NiPS 3 ; FeOCl; UO 2 F 2 ; NbSe 3 ; MoS 3 ; CuS; Cr 3 O 8 ; V 6 O 13 (stoichiometric); V 6 O 13 (non-stoichiometric); TaS 2 ; MoS 2 ; MoSe 2 ; WS 2 ; and WSe 2 .
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
29 words
A rechargeable high energy density lithium-based cell according to claim3 1 wherein the concentration of said lithium in said liquid ammonia is about 0.1 M to about 7.75 M.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
26 words
A rechargeable high energy density lithium-based cell according to claim 13 wherein said lithium in said liquid ammonia is about 1.0 M to about 3.5 M.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
23 words
A rechargeable high energy density lithium-based cell according to claim 13 wherein said positive electroactive material additionally comprises a dissolved transition metal halide.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
21 words
A rechargeable high energy density lithium-based cell according to claim 21 wherein said dissolved transition metal halide comprises CuCl 2 .
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
20 words
A rechargeable high energy density lithium-based cell according to claim 22 additionally comprising a current collector at said negative electrode.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
153 words
A rechargeable high energy density lithium-based cell according to claim 23 wherein said lithium ion conducting solid electrolyte is selected from the group consisting of: LiI-Li 2 S-SiS 2 ; LiI-Li 2 S-P 2 S 5 ; LiI-Li 2 S-B 2 S 3 ; Li 2 O-SiO 2 -P 2 O 5 ; LiI-Li 2 S-As 2 S 3 ; LiBr-Li 2 S-SiS 2 ; LiX-Li 2 O-B 2 O 3 where X=Cl or Br -; Li 2 O-B 2 O 3 ; LiAlSiO 4 ; Li 7 BiO 4 ; Li 8 SnO 6 ; Li 8 HfO 6 ; Li 8 CeO 6 ; Li 8 ZrO 6 ; Li 7 NbO 6 ; Li 7 TaO 6 ; Li 6 In 2 O 6 ; LiI, LiCl, LiF, and Li 4 SiO 4 (containing 9 and 50 m/o Li 3 PO 4 ; and lithium ion conductinb beta- and beta"-aluminas.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
30 words
A rechargeable high energy density lithium-based cell according to claim 24 wherein said lithium ion conducting solid electrolyte comprises 0.3 m/o LiI-0.42 m/o Li 2 S-0.28 m/o SiS 2 .
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
98 words
A rechargeable high energy density lithium-based cell according to claim 25 wherein said lithium ion conducting supporting electrolyte is selected from the group consisting of: LiCF 3 SO 3 ; LiAsF 6 ; LiClO 4 ; LiAlCl 4 ; LiGaCl 4 ; LiBF 4 ; and LiCl; and said non-aqueous solvent is selected from the group consisting of: tetrahydrofuran and its derivatives; propylene carbonate; acetonitrile; 1,3-dioxalane; N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone; sulpholane; methylformate; dimethylsulfate; γ-butyrolactone; and 1,2 dimethoxyethane; and said liquid depolarizing agent is selected from the froup consisting of: SO 2 ; SO 2 Cl 2 ; and SOCl 2 .
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
118 words
A rechargeable high energy density lithium-based cell according to claim 26 wherein said lithium intercalation positive electrode is selected from the group consisting of: TiS 2 ; ZrS 2 ; ZrSe 2 ; VSe 2 ; V 2 S 5 ; Fe 0 .25 V 0 .75 S 2 ; Cr 0 .75 V 0 .25 S 2 ; Cr 0 .5 V 0 .5 S 2 ; NbS 3 ; NiPS 3 ; FeOCl; U0 2 F 2 ; NbSe 3 ; MoS 3 ; CuS; Cr 3 O 8 ; V 6 O 13 (stoichiometric); V 6 O 13 (non-stoichiometric); TaS 2 ; MoS 2 ; MoSe 2 ; WS 2 ; and WSe 2 .
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
29 words
A rechargeable high energy density lithium-based cell according to claim 27 wherein the concentration of said lithium in said liquid ammonia is about 0.1 M to about 7.75 M.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
28 words
A rechargeable high energy density lithium-based cell according to claim 28 wherein said solution of lithium dissolved in liquid ammonia is provided in a sealed negative electrode compartment.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
28 words
A rechargeable high energy density lithium-based cell according to claim 13 wherein said solution of lithium dissolved in liquid ammonia is provided in a sealed negative electrode compartment.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1990-05-25 | 1990-11-24 | 1991-05-26 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1994-05-25 | 1994-11-24 | 1995-05-26 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1998-05-25 | 1998-11-24 | 1999-05-26 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |