US4655897A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Electrophoretic display panels and associated methods
Assignee: Hassle AB
•
Filing: 1984-11-13
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Granted: 1987-04-07
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Expires: 2004-11-13
Abstract
Abstract There is disclosed an electrophoretic display apparatus which includes a planar transparent member having disposed on a surface a plurality of vertical conductive lines to form a grid of lines in the Y direction. On top of the grid of vertical lines there is disposed a plurality of horizontal lines which are positioned above the vertical lines and insulated therefrom by a thin insulating layer at each of the intersection points. Spaced above the horizontal and vertical line pattern is a conductive plate. The space between the conductive plate and the X and Y line patterns is filled with an electrophoretic dispersion containing chargeable pigment particles. When a voltage is impressed between the X and Y lines, pigment particles which are located in wells or depressions between the X and Y pattern are caused to migrate towards the conductive plate and are deposited upon the conductive layer in accordance with the bias applied to the X and Y line conductors. There is described an electrophoretic dispersion suitable for operation with the display as well as techniques for fabricating the display. In this manner the displays can be fabricated to contain large effective display surfaces while being relatively thin and which are capable of high resolution at relatively low power.
Inventors
- 👤 Frank J. DiSanto
- 👤 Denis A. Krusos
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-24 15:10
CPC Classifications
G; G02; G02F; G02F1/00; G02F1/01; G02F1/165; G02F1/166; G02F1/167; G03; G03G; G03G17/00; G03G17/04
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 16
Claim 1
Independent Claim
221 words
Electrophoretic display apparatus comprising: a glass planar member having an etched layer of indium-tin-oxide coated on a surface thereof to form a transparent member, said layer of indium-tin-oxide etched to form a vertical line pattern in the form of a plurality of vertical conductive lines on said surface, each of said vertical conductive lines having a given width and length and separated one from the other to form a vertical line pattern in the form of a grid of lines in the Y direction, each of said lines having a predetermined area of intersection manifested by an insulative material secured to said lines, a plurality of horizontal conductive lines positioned over said areas of intersection and directed transverse to said vertical lines to form a grid of lines in the X direction, each horizontal line separated from intersected vertical lines by said insulative material, with well depressions formed between said intersections; a top transparent planar member positioned above said planar member and spaced therefrom, with the space between said members filled with an electrophoretic dispersion, means for biasing said X grid with respect to said Y grid to cause electrophoretic particles in said dispersion to migrate from said well areas to said top planar member according to said bias as applied to an intersection between said X and Y grid structure.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
221 words
Electrophoretic display apparatus comprising: a glass planar member having an etched layer of indium-tin-oxide coated on a surface thereof to form a transparent member, said layer of indium-tin-oxide etched to form a vertical line pattern in the form of a plurality of vertical conductive lines on said surface, each of said vertical conductive lines having a given width and length and separated one from the other to form a vertical line pattern in the form of a grid of lines in the Y direction, each of said lines having a predetermined area of intersection manifested by an insulative material secured to said lines, a plurality of horizontal conductive lines positioned over said areas of intersection and directed transverse to said vertical lines to form a grid of lines in the X direction, each horizontal line separated from intersected vertical lines by said insulative material, with well depressions formed between said intersections; a top transparent planar member positioned above said planar member and spaced therefrom, with the space between said members filled with an electrophoretic dispersion, means for biasing said X grid with respect to said Y grid to cause electrophoretic particles in said dispersion to migrate from said well areas to said top planar member according to said bias as applied to an intersection between said X and Y grid structure.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
28 words
The electrophoretic display according to claim 1, wherein said insulative areas are photoresist insulative areas formed on said vertical lines according to said pattern of horizontal conductive lines.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
38 words
The electrophoretic display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each of said horizontal conductive lines as positioned over said areas of intersection have an array of apertures located on said horizontal conductive lines within said area of intersection.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
34 words
The electrophoretic display apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said array of apertures is an orderly array consisting of a given number of apertures in a row with another given number in a column.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
21 words
The electrophoretic display apparatus according to claim 4, wherein each of said apertures in said array is of a rectangular configuration.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
19 words
The electrophoretic display according to claim 1, wherein said horizontal conductors are deposited by an electroless nickel deposition technique.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
24 words
The electrophoretic display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said electrophoretic dispersion includes pigment particles of submicron diameters selected from a diarylide yellow pigment.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
23 words
The electrophoretic display apparatus according to claim 7, wherein said electrophoretic dispersion includes a charge control and coating agent for coating said particles.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
21 words
The electrophoretic display apparatus according to claim 8, wherein said electrophoretic dispersion includes a low conductive liquid vehicle solvent as tetracholorethylene.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
199 words
An electrophoretic display apparatus comprising: a first relatively transparent planar member having an etched layer of indium-tin-oxide coated on a surface thereof to form said first relatively transparent planar member, said etched layer of indium-tin-oxide forming a conductive vertical line pattern in the form of a plurality of conductive lines formed on said surface, said planar member being fabricated from a sheet of glass, said plurality of conductive lines being arranged in a vertical grid pattern to form a grid of lines in the Y direction; a plurality of horizontal conductive lines formed over said vertical grid pattern and separated from said vertical lines by an insulating area at each intersection of a vertical and horizontal line, with the areas between vertical and horizontal lines manifesting a depression well; a top transparent planar conductive member spaced from said first planar member a given distance, with the spacing therebetween filled with an electrophoretic dispersion; means for biasing said vertical line pattern with respect to said horizontal line pattern for selecting a cross point indicative of any one intersection to cause electrophoretic particles in the vicinity of said intersection as present in said associated well to migrate towards said top plate.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
199 words
An electrophoretic display apparatus comprising: a first relatively transparent planar member having an etched layer of indium-tin-oxide coated on a surface thereof to form said first relatively transparent planar member, said etched layer of indium-tin-oxide forming a conductive vertical line pattern in the form of a plurality of conductive lines formed on said surface, said planar member being fabricated from a sheet of glass, said plurality of conductive lines being arranged in a vertical grid pattern to form a grid of lines in the Y direction; a plurality of horizontal conductive lines formed over said vertical grid pattern and separated from said vertical lines by an insulating area at each intersection of a vertical and horizontal line, with the areas between vertical and horizontal lines manifesting a depression well; a top transparent planar conductive member spaced from said first planar member a given distance, with the spacing therebetween filled with an electrophoretic dispersion; means for biasing said vertical line pattern with respect to said horizontal line pattern for selecting a cross point indicative of any one intersection to cause electrophoretic particles in the vicinity of said intersection as present in said associated well to migrate towards said top plate.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
32 words
The electrophoretic display apparatus according to claim 10, wherein each of said horizontal lines at said area of intersection has a plurality of apertures arranged on the surface thereof within said area.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
20 words
The electrophoretic display apparatus according to claim 11, wherein said plurality of aperatures forms an orderly array of rectangular aperatures.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
32 words
The electrophoretic display apparatus according to claim 11, wherein said apertures are rectangular in cross section and operative to provide concentration of an electrical field applied between said vertical and horizontal lines.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
18 words
The electrophoretic display apparatus according to claim 10, wherein said plurality of horizontal lines are formed from nickel.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1990-04-06 | 1990-10-06 | 1991-04-07 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1994-04-06 | 1994-10-06 | 1995-04-07 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1998-04-06 | 1998-10-06 | 1999-04-07 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |