Method for determining consistent water relative permeability values from dynamic displacement data

Claim 1

A method for determining correct relative water permeability values for a core sample, comprising the steps of: performing oil flood dynamic displacement measurements on said core sample; determining characteristics of said core sample; determining from data collected during said measurements, and from said characteristics of said characteristics of said core sample relative water permeability values (k rw ) for said core, said determined relative water permeability values (k rw ) being offset from correct relative water permeability values (k rwc ) as a result of an end-effect which introduces an increased fluid pressure drop at an effluent end of said core sample; and correcting said determined relative water permeability (k rw ) values toward said correct relative oil permeability values (k rwc ) thereby minimizing the effects caused by said end effect on said determined relative oil permeability values (k rw ), and wherein said correcting step comprises the steps of: initially plotting a ratio q w /k rw vs. average fluid saturation of said core sample, where q w is the rate of water produced at the effluent end of said core sample during said oil flood dynamic displacement measurement; determining an initial relative water permeability value k rwi at a residual water saturation of said core sample, said value k rwi being used to determine the first point of the plot of q w /k rw vs. average fluid saturation; determining if a straight line segment exists in said plotted ratio in areas thereof corresponding to high oil saturation and, if so, drawing and extrapolating said straight line segment to the limit of the plotted data, otherwise, constructing a tangent line to the plotted ratio beginning at the point corresponding to k rwi ; producing a straight line in parallel with said straight line segment or said tangent line, said produced straight line passing through an irreducible water saturation value S iw ; and determining corrected relative water permeability values k rwc , where ##EQU5## and (q w /k rw ) is the initially plotted ratio and (q w /k rw )SL is the value appearing on the produced straight line for the same average fluid saturation value.

Claim 2

A method for determining correct relative water permeability values for a core sample, comprising the steps of: performing oil flood dynamic displacement measurements on said core sample; determining characteristics of said core sample; determining from data collected during said measurements, and from said characteristics of said characteristics of said core sample relative water permeability values (k rw ) for said core, said determined relative water permeability values (k rw ) being offset from correct relative water permeability values (k rwc ) as a result of an end-effect which introduces an increased fluid pressure drop at an effluent end of said core sample; and correcting said determined relative water permeability (k rw ) values toward said correct relative oil permeability values (k rwc ) thereby minimizing the effects caused by said end effect on said determined relative oil permeability values (k rw ), and wherein said correcting step comprises the steps of: initially plotting a ratio q w /k rw vs. average fluid saturation of said core sample, where q w is the rate of water produced at the effluent end of said core sample during said oil flood dynamic displacement measurement; determining an initial relative water permeability value k rwi at a residual water saturation of said core sample, said value k rwi being used to determine the first point of the plot of q w /k rw vs. average fluid saturation; determining if a straight line segment exists in said plotted ratio in areas thereof corresponding to high oil saturation and, if so, drawing and extrapolating said straight line segment to the limit of the plotted data, otherwise, constructing a tangent line to the plotted ratio beginning at the point corresponding to k rwi ; producing a straight line in parallel with said straight line segment or said tangent line, said produced straight line passing through an irreducible water saturation value S iw ; and determining corrected relative water permeability values k rwc , where ##EQU5## and (q w /k rw ) is the initially plotted ratio and (q w /k rw )SL is the value appearing on the produced straight line for the same average fluid saturation value.

Claim 6

A method for determining correct relative water permeability values for a core sample, comprising the steps of: performing oil flood dynamic displacement measurements on said core sample; determining characteristics of said core sample; determining from data collected during said measurements, and from said characteristics of said characteristics of said core sample, relative water permeability values (k rw ) for said core, said determined relative water permeability values (k rw ) being offset from correct relative water permeability values (k rwc ) as a result of an end-effect which introduces an increased fluid pressure drop at an effluent end of said core sample; and correcting said determined relative water permeablity (k rw ) values toward said correct relative oil permeability values (k rwc ) thereby minimizing the effects caused by said end effect on said determined relative oil permeabiity values (k rw ), and wherein said determined relative water permeability values k rw are determined in accordance with the relationship k.sub.rw =u.sub.w f.sub.w /λ.sub.2 -1 where u w is the viscosity of the water injected into said core sample during said water flood measurement, f w is the fractional flow of water from said core sample during said water flood measurements and λ 2 -1 is the effective viscosity of the effluent at the outflow end of said core sample during said water flood measurements.

Claim 7

A method for determining correct relative water permeability values for a core sample, comprising the steps of: performing oil flood dynamic displacement measurements on said core sample; determining characteristics of said core sample; determining from data collected during said measurements, and from said characteristics of said characteristics of said core sample, relative water permeability values (k rw ) for said core, said determined relative water permeability values (k rw ) being offset from correct relative water permeability values (k rwc ) as a result of an end-effect which introduces an increased fluid pressure drop at an effluent end of said core sample; and correcting said determined relative water permeablity (k rw ) values toward said correct relative oil permeability values (k rwc ) thereby minimizing the effects caused by said end effect on said determined relative oil permeabiity values (k rw ), and wherein said determined relative water permeability values k rw are determined in accordance with the relationship k.sub.rw =u.sub.w f.sub.w /λ.sub.2 -1 where u w is the viscosity of the water injected into said core sample during said water flood measurement, f w is the fractional flow of water from said core sample during said water flood measurements and λ 2 -1 is the effective viscosity of the effluent at the outflow end of said core sample during said water flood measurements.

Claim 8

A method for determining corrected water relative permeability values for a core sample comprising the steps of: injecting a first fluid through said core sample at a predetermined displacement rate for a first predetermined period of time and measuring: (1) a pressure drop of said fluid ΔPb across said sample after a steady state flow is reached, and (2) a rate of injection of said fluid q b during said predetermined period of time; determining the total amount of fluid injected Qi in terms of core pore volume; injecting water through said core sample when said core sample is saturated with said fluid and during a second period of time while measuring a pressure drop ΔP across said sample; determining a fractional water flow f w for said core sample during said water injection step; determining average effective viscosity values λ -1 for the measured values of ΔP, in accordance with the relationship: ##EQU6## where u b is the first fluid viscosity and q is the oil injection rate; determining effective viscosity values λ 2 -1 , where ##EQU7## and Qi is the total amount of injected fluid in terms of core pore volume; determining relative water permeability values k rw , where k.sub.rw =u.sub.w f.sub.w /λ.sub.2.sup.-1 and u w is the viscosity of the water injected into the core and f w is the fraction of water produced at an effluent end of the core when oil is injected therein; plotting the ratio q w /k rw vs. average core saturation, where q w is the amount of water contained in the effluent discharging from said core sample during said oil injection; determining an initial relative water permeability value k rwi at the residual water saturation of the core sample, said value k rwi being used to determine the first point of the q w /k rw vs. average core saturation plot; determining if a straight line segment exists in said plotted ratio in areas of the plot corresponding to high oil saturation and, if so, extrapolating said straight line segment to the limit of the plotted data, otherwise, constructing a tangent line to the plotted ratio beginning at the point corresponding to k rwi ; producing a straight line in parallel with said straight line segment or said tangent line, said produced straight line passing through an irreducible water saturation value S iw ; and determining corrected relative permeability values k rwc , where ##EQU8## and (q w /k rw ) is the initially plotted ratio and (q w /k rw )SL is the value appearing on the produced straight line for the same core saturation value.

Claim 9

A method for determining corrected water relative permeability values for a core sample comprising the steps of: injecting a first fluid through said core sample at a predetermined displacement rate for a first predetermined period of time and measuring: (1) a pressure drop of said fluid ΔPb across said sample after a steady state flow is reached, and (2) a rate of injection of said fluid q b during said predetermined period of time; determining the total amount of fluid injected Qi in terms of core pore volume; injecting water through said core sample when said core sample is saturated with said fluid and during a second period of time while measuring a pressure drop ΔP across said sample; determining a fractional water flow f w for said core sample during said water injection step; determining average effective viscosity values λ -1 for the measured values of ΔP, in accordance with the relationship: ##EQU6## where u b is the first fluid viscosity and q is the oil injection rate; determining effective viscosity values λ 2 -1 , where ##EQU7## and Qi is the total amount of injected fluid in terms of core pore volume; determining relative water permeability values k rw , where k.sub.rw =u.sub.w f.sub.w /λ.sub.2.sup.-1 and u w is the viscosity of the water injected into the core and f w is the fraction of water produced at an effluent end of the core when oil is injected therein; plotting the ratio q w /k rw vs. average core saturation, where q w is the amount of water contained in the effluent discharging from said core sample during said oil injection; determining an initial relative water permeability value k rwi at the residual water saturation of the core sample, said value k rwi being used to determine the first point of the q w /k rw vs. average core saturation plot; determining if a straight line segment exists in said plotted ratio in areas of the plot corresponding to high oil saturation and, if so, extrapolating said straight line segment to the limit of the plotted data, otherwise, constructing a tangent line to the plotted ratio beginning at the point corresponding to k rwi ; producing a straight line in parallel with said straight line segment or said tangent line, said produced straight line passing through an irreducible water saturation value S iw ; and determining corrected relative permeability values k rwc , where ##EQU8## and (q w /k rw ) is the initially plotted ratio and (q w /k rw )SL is the value appearing on the produced straight line for the same core saturation value.