US4608684A
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Digital switching systems employing multi-channel frame association apparatus
Assignee: Nokia of America Corp
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Filing: 1984-03-26
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Granted: 1986-08-26
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Expires: 2004-03-26
Abstract
Abstract There is disclosed an apparatus for enabling one to increase the bandwidth of a multi-channel digital switching system. Essentially, the system allows one to set up multi-channel link paths to obtain a total band width of N times the bandwidth of a typical switching path in a digital switching network. To do this, a common frame counter is located in the unused bit positions of the sample in each of the paths, forming a wideband channel. At the receive end, the apparatus de-skews the received samples to properly reassembly the output. This operation is provided by utilizing one content addressable memory and an associated random access memory (CAM/RAM) (C/R) for each channel to be joined. The width of each C/R is twelve bits, eight for data, the read-out section and four for frame counter, which is the associative section. The length of each C/R is a function of the maximum skew to be counted. A four bit output frame counter provides the associative addresses for the C/R which, when given an associative address corresponding to a frame number, will respond with an eight bit data word for that frame or with an Empty signal, meaning that no word exists for that frame number. At initialization the frame counter presets to one and all C/Rs are interrogated to see if they contain frame one information. If they do not, then the output frame counter is indexed and all C/Rs are re-interrogated at a fast rate until they all indicate not Empty. At this point, the outputs of each C/R for the frame count indicated are assembled into an output word. Thus as long as all the C/Rs indicate not Empty, frame integrity is insured, and hence the distributed control switching system can provide wideband operation via multi-channel linked paths while insuring frame integrity.
Inventors
- 👤 Daniel C. Upp
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-24 15:41
CPC Classifications
H; H04; H04Q; H04Q11/00; H04Q11/04; H05; H05B; H05B2214/00; H05B2214/04
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 30
Claim 1
Independent Claim
362 words
In a digital switching system of the type having a main switch, where a plurality of data lines are coupled to said main switch via a line unit with said switch controlled for making connections between pairs of said data lines, where each connection between data lines may take a different path via said main switch and each path is of a given limited bandwidth and where each different path may be associated with a different transit time delay and due to such time delays multi-path connections cannot be made to increase said limited bandwidth with said data transmitted in separate channels each of a given word length and where a given number of channels constitute a frame, the combination therewith of multi-channel frame association apparatus for allowing multi-channel linking paths to increase the bandwidth of said system by compensating for said different time delays, comprising: first means associated with each of said lines to form a wideband word format for transmission through said main switch to a receiving line, with a first given number of bits of said word indicative of data to be transmitted and with a second number of bits indicative of a tagging number manifesting a frame number for each of said words, second means for indexing said tagging number contained in said second number of bits during each frame, decoder means located at each line and operative when said line is receiving data to decode said second given number of bits to provide a frame number for said word, memory means coupled to said decoder means for storing said data associated with said words according to said frame number as decoded, said memory means including logic means operative to resassemble each word according to said frame number being the same, whereby common data can be transmitted over N given paths of said system according to said tagging number to allow a plurality of words with the same tagging signal to be reassembled at said lines receiving said data and independent of the delays of said N given paths to thereby provide an increase in bandwidth of N times said limited bandwidth, where N is a positive integer.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
362 words
In a digital switching system of the type having a main switch, where a plurality of data lines are coupled to said main switch via a line unit with said switch controlled for making connections between pairs of said data lines, where each connection between data lines may take a different path via said main switch and each path is of a given limited bandwidth and where each different path may be associated with a different transit time delay and due to such time delays multi-path connections cannot be made to increase said limited bandwidth with said data transmitted in separate channels each of a given word length and where a given number of channels constitute a frame, the combination therewith of multi-channel frame association apparatus for allowing multi-channel linking paths to increase the bandwidth of said system by compensating for said different time delays, comprising: first means associated with each of said lines to form a wideband word format for transmission through said main switch to a receiving line, with a first given number of bits of said word indicative of data to be transmitted and with a second number of bits indicative of a tagging number manifesting a frame number for each of said words, second means for indexing said tagging number contained in said second number of bits during each frame, decoder means located at each line and operative when said line is receiving data to decode said second given number of bits to provide a frame number for said word, memory means coupled to said decoder means for storing said data associated with said words according to said frame number as decoded, said memory means including logic means operative to resassemble each word according to said frame number being the same, whereby common data can be transmitted over N given paths of said system according to said tagging number to allow a plurality of words with the same tagging signal to be reassembled at said lines receiving said data and independent of the delays of said N given paths to thereby provide an increase in bandwidth of N times said limited bandwidth, where N is a positive integer.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
105 words
The digital switching system according to claim 1, wherein said memory means includes one Contentable Addressable Memory (CAM) for each of N Paths, said CAM having a data storage section and an associative section, an output frame counter coupled to said CAMs and operative to provide an associative address for said CAMs indicative of said frame number, means coupled to said CAMs and operative during said associative address to determine if said CAMs contain data during said associative address, means responsive to all CAMs containing data for assembling the data stored in said CAM to provide said word from all N paths for said frame.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
18 words
The digital switching system according to claim 2 where N is a positive integer between 2 to 30.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
37 words
The digital switching system according to claim 2 wherein said data storage section receives data from said transmitting line and means for writing said data into said CAMs during each frame as detected by said decoder means.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
52 words
The digital switching system according to claim 2 further including data detecting means coupled to said CAMs and operative to provide an output when any one of said CAMs does not contain data during said frame and means responsive to said output to reset said frame counter to start a re-synchronization sequence.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
48 words
The digital switching system according to claim 1 wherein said given word length is 16 bits, with said wideband word format being 16 bits, with said first given number of bits being 8 and with said second given number of bits indicative of a tagging number being 4.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
30 words
The digital switching system according to claim 2 wherein said data storage section of said CAM is capable of storing 8 bits and wherein said associate section is 4 bits.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
58 words
The digital switching system according to claim 2, wherein said data storage section of each CAM includes a random access memory coupled to said CAM and operative to store said data bits, with said RAM coupled to said CAM and operative to provide said stored data when all of said CAMs indicate a match with said associative address.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
39 words
The digital switching system according to claim 8, wherein said RAMs and CAMs have the same write address for storing data during each word with said RAM storing said data bits and said CAM storing said tagging number bits.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
35 words
The digital switching system according to claim 9, wherein said logic means includes an output buffer coupled to said RAM and operative to latch said data bits when all of said CAMs indicate a match.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
58 words
The digital switching system according to claim 1, wherein said decoder means includes a channel assignment control circuit having a control input adapted to receive a timing signal from said switching system for writing data into said memory means and an input framing counter coupled to said memory means for providing a write address for said memory means.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
53 words
The digital switching system according to claim 1 wherein said system is a distributed control system having a main switch designated as a group switch where said data lines are coupled to said group switch via an associated line terminal unit including an access switch stage for making connections between said data lines.
Claim 14
Independent Claim
197 words
A method for enabling a digital switching system to transmit and receive common data consisting of words wherein a given number N of said words are transmitted in a frame along a plurality of N linked paths implemented by said switching system, each path connecting a pair of terminals and having a given bandwidth and an unpredictable delay, whereby said method enables the reception of said common data from each of said paths independent of said delays to prevent data skewing, comprising the steps of: generating a frame tagging number for each frame to be transmitted; indexing said frame tagging number for each frame; inserting said frame tagging numbers in given bit positions in each said word, so that each word transmitted in a frame has the same frame tagging number indicative of the frame in which it is transmitted; establishing N independent linked paths for said N words via said switching system; receiving said N words at the receiving destination end of said paths and; reassembling the N words having the same frame tagging number to reconstruct the common data to thereby effectively increase said given bandwidth by N times, where N is a positive integer.
Claim 15
Independent Claim
197 words
A method for enabling a digital switching system to transmit and receive common data consisting of words wherein a given number N of said words are transmitted in a frame along a plurality of N linked paths implemented by said switching system, each path connecting a pair of terminals and having a given bandwidth and an unpredictable delay, whereby said method enables the reception of said common data from each of said paths independent of said delays to prevent data skewing, comprising the steps of: generating a frame tagging number for each frame to be transmitted; indexing said frame tagging number for each frame; inserting said frame tagging numbers in given bit positions in each said word, so that each word transmitted in a frame has the same frame tagging number indicative of the frame in which it is transmitted; establishing N independent linked paths for said N words via said switching system; receiving said N words at the receiving destination end of said paths and; reassembling the N words having the same frame tagging number to reconstruct the common data to thereby effectively increase said given bandwidth by N times, where N is a positive integer.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method according to claim 13, wherein N is a positive integer between 2 to 30.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
36 words
The method according to claim 13, wherein said words are 16 bit words, with each word of the bit format F, E, D, C, B, A, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method according to claim 15, wherein said frame tagging number is indexed every frame within a predetermined modulus.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method according to claim 15, wherein said frame tagging number is located in bits 4 to 1 of each word.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
23 words
The method according to claim 17, wherein bits C, B, A, 9, 8, 7, 6 and 5 contain the data for said word.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method according to claim 18, wherein the step of receiving said N words includes storing said received in a Contentable Addressable Memory (CAM) at said destination.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method according to claim 19 including the steps of placing one CAM for each of the N paths to be joined at said receiving destination.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
316 words
Apparatus for increasing the bandwidth of a distributed control switching network, said network of the type having a group switch to which a plurality of data lines are coupled to said switch via an associated terminal unit for making connection between pairs of said data lines via said switch, where each connection between data lines may take a different path with each path of the same given bandwidth but of a different delay to thereby prevent common data transmitted along different paths to be received in proper sequence due to said different delays, with said data as transmitted in separate channels each of a given word length and where a given number of channels constitute a frame, said apparatus operative at said receiving end to synchronize said common data transmitted along N linked paths with each word transmitted containing a given number of bits indicative of a tagging signal indicative of the frame associated with each word as transmitted via said N linked paths, and including a given number of data bits comprising: timing cointrol means coupled to said switching system to provide a clock signal indicative of the timing of said words, a plurality of memory means one for each linked path located at said receiving end and operative to store therein in a first means said data and in a second associative means said tagging signal indicative of an associative address manifesting said frame, an output frame counter oeprative to address said memory means to provide at the output a signal indicative of said associative address, means coupled to said memory means for determining a condition when all of said memory means contain data during said tagging signal to provide an output signal indicative of all of said memory means containing data, and means responsive to said output signal for reassembling said data word stored in said memory means according to said output signal.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
316 words
Apparatus for increasing the bandwidth of a distributed control switching network, said network of the type having a group switch to which a plurality of data lines are coupled to said switch via an associated terminal unit for making connection between pairs of said data lines via said switch, where each connection between data lines may take a different path with each path of the same given bandwidth but of a different delay to thereby prevent common data transmitted along different paths to be received in proper sequence due to said different delays, with said data as transmitted in separate channels each of a given word length and where a given number of channels constitute a frame, said apparatus operative at said receiving end to synchronize said common data transmitted along N linked paths with each word transmitted containing a given number of bits indicative of a tagging signal indicative of the frame associated with each word as transmitted via said N linked paths, and including a given number of data bits comprising: timing cointrol means coupled to said switching system to provide a clock signal indicative of the timing of said words, a plurality of memory means one for each linked path located at said receiving end and operative to store therein in a first means said data and in a second associative means said tagging signal indicative of an associative address manifesting said frame, an output frame counter oeprative to address said memory means to provide at the output a signal indicative of said associative address, means coupled to said memory means for determining a condition when all of said memory means contain data during said tagging signal to provide an output signal indicative of all of said memory means containing data, and means responsive to said output signal for reassembling said data word stored in said memory means according to said output signal.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
39 words
The apparatus according to claim 21, wherein said memory means includes a first means being a Random Access Memory (RAM) for storing said data and a second means being a Contentable Addressable Memory (CAM) for storing said tagging signal.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
51 words
The apparatus according to claim 21, further including an input frame counter for providing a write address to said memory means and channel assignment control logic means operative to provide a write strobe to said memory means to allow words from said switching system to be stored in said memory means.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
74 words
The apparatus according to claim 21 further including detecting means coupled to said memory means and operative to detect the absence of data from any one of said memory means to provide an output control signal, and means coupled to said output frame counter to index the same upon reception of said control signal to cause said output frame counter to supply a start address to said memory means for re-synchronization of the same.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
60 words
The apparatus according to claim 21, wherein said word is a 16 bit word of the bit format F, E, D, C, B, A, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, with said data contained in bits C, B, A, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5 and said tagging signal contained in bits 4, 3, 2, and 1.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
12 words
The apparatus according to claim 25, wherein 32 words constitute a frame.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
27 words
The apparatus according to claim 21 where N is a positive integer between 2 to 30 and said increase in bandwidth is N times said given bandwidth.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1989-08-25 | 1990-02-24 | 1990-08-26 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1993-08-25 | 1994-02-24 | 1994-08-26 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1997-08-25 | 1998-02-24 | 1998-08-26 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |