US4592988A
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US
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Ferrite toner carrier core composition derived from fly ash
Assignee: HALOMET Inc A CORP OF NY
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Filing: 1984-08-15
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Granted: 1986-06-03
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Expires: 2004-08-15
Abstract
Abstract A ferrite toner carrier core composition derived from flyash comprising a mixture of spherical particulates of the general formula ##EQU1## wherein iron is the principal metallic element and i,j,k denote the number of atoms of monovalent, divalent and trivalent atoms present in one mole of the compound, and M x denotes monovalent atoms from Group IA of the Periodic Table, the alkali metals, usually sodium or potassium, alone or together. M y denotes divalent atoms from Group IIA of the Periodic Table, the alkali earth metals, usually magnesium or calcium, alone or together. M z denotes trivalent atoms from Group IVB, usually titanium, Group IVA, usually silicon and Group IIIA, usually aluminum. All permutations and combinations may be present.
Inventors
- 👤 Robert G. Aldrich
- 👤 Geoffrey H. Earl
- 👤 David W. Trunko
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-02 18:10
CPC Classifications
G; G03; G03G; G03G9/00; G03G9/08; G03G9/10; G03G9/107; G03G9/1075; C; C01; C01G; C01G49/00; C01G49/009; C01P; C01P2002/00; C01P2002/30; C01P2002/32; C01P2002/70; C01P2002/76; C01P2004/00; C01P2004/01; C01P2004/03; C01P2004/30; C01P2004/32; C01P2004/60; C01P2004/61; C01P2006/00; C01P2006/10; C01P2006/42; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S430/00; Y10S430/166
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 15
Claim 1
Independent Claim
156 words
A toner carrier composition comprising a ferrite toner carrier core composition derived from fly ash which is a mixture of spherical particulates of the general formula ##EQU3## wherein iron is the principal metallic element and i,j,k denote the number of atoms of monovalent, divalent and trivalent atoms present in one mole of the compound, and M x denotes monovalent atoms from Group IA of the Periodic Table, M y denotes divalent atoms from Group IIA of the Periodic Table, M z denotes trivalent atoms from Group IVB, Group IVA or Group IIIA; wherein the particle size of the particulate is from 20 to 300 microns and the composition has an average saturation magnetization of 43 to 70 emu/g, an apparent density of 1.8 g/cm 3 or greater, a hardness of 7-8.0 Moh scale, and a resistivity of 10 8 -10 13 ohm-cm and from 0.1% to 2.0% by weight of an electrostatic carrier particle coating material.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
156 words
A toner carrier composition comprising a ferrite toner carrier core composition derived from fly ash which is a mixture of spherical particulates of the general formula ##EQU3## wherein iron is the principal metallic element and i,j,k denote the number of atoms of monovalent, divalent and trivalent atoms present in one mole of the compound, and M x denotes monovalent atoms from Group IA of the Periodic Table, M y denotes divalent atoms from Group IIA of the Periodic Table, M z denotes trivalent atoms from Group IVB, Group IVA or Group IIIA; wherein the particle size of the particulate is from 20 to 300 microns and the composition has an average saturation magnetization of 43 to 70 emu/g, an apparent density of 1.8 g/cm 3 or greater, a hardness of 7-8.0 Moh scale, and a resistivity of 10 8 -10 13 ohm-cm and from 0.1% to 2.0% by weight of an electrostatic carrier particle coating material.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
16 words
A toner carrier composition of claim 1 further comprising a colorant to color said spherical particulates.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
136 words
A ferrite toner carrier core composition derived from fly ash comprising a mixture of spherical particulates of the general formula ##EQU4## wherein iron is the principal metallic element and i,j,k denote the number of atoms of monovalent, divalent and trivalent atoms present in one mole of the compound, and M x denotes monovalent atoms from Group IA of the Periodic Table, M y denotes divalent atoms from Group IIA of the Periodic Table, M z denotes trivalent atoms from Group IVB, Group IVA or Group IIIA; wherein the particle size of the particulate is from 20 to 300 microns and the composition has an average saturation magnetization of 43 to 70 emu/g, an apparent density of 1.8 g/cm 3 or greater, a hardness of 7-8.0 Moh scale, and a resistivity of 10 8 -10 13 ohm-cm.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
136 words
A ferrite toner carrier core composition derived from fly ash comprising a mixture of spherical particulates of the general formula ##EQU4## wherein iron is the principal metallic element and i,j,k denote the number of atoms of monovalent, divalent and trivalent atoms present in one mole of the compound, and M x denotes monovalent atoms from Group IA of the Periodic Table, M y denotes divalent atoms from Group IIA of the Periodic Table, M z denotes trivalent atoms from Group IVB, Group IVA or Group IIIA; wherein the particle size of the particulate is from 20 to 300 microns and the composition has an average saturation magnetization of 43 to 70 emu/g, an apparent density of 1.8 g/cm 3 or greater, a hardness of 7-8.0 Moh scale, and a resistivity of 10 8 -10 13 ohm-cm.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
37 words
The composition of claim 3 wherein M x is sodium, potassium or a combination thereof, M y is magnesium or calcium or a combination thereof, and M z is titanium, silicon, or aluminum or a combination thereof.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
32 words
The composition of claim 4 wherrein M z includes aluminum and the total content of all substitutions is less than about 25% by weight of the cations present in the ferrite structure.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
13 words
The composition of claim 3 wherein the remanence is 5 emu/g or less.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
156 words
A developer composition which comprises a ferrite toner carrier core composition derived from fly ash which is a mixture of spherical particulates of the general formula ##EQU5## wherein iron is the principal metallic element and i,j,k denote the number of atoms of monovalent, divalent and trivalent atoms present in one mole of the compound, and M x denotes monovalent atoms from Group IA of the Periodic Table, M y denotes divalent atoms from Group IIA of the Periodic Table, M z denotes trivalent atoms from Group IVB, Group IVA or Group IIIA; wherein the particle size of the particulate is from 20 to 300 microns and the composition has an average saturation magnetization of 43 to 70 emu/g, an apparent density of 1.8 g/cm 3 or greater, a hardness of 7-8.0 Moh scale, and a resistivity of 10 8 -10 13 ohm-cm having coated thereon a toner which electrostatically clings to the surface of said carrier.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
156 words
A developer composition which comprises a ferrite toner carrier core composition derived from fly ash which is a mixture of spherical particulates of the general formula ##EQU5## wherein iron is the principal metallic element and i,j,k denote the number of atoms of monovalent, divalent and trivalent atoms present in one mole of the compound, and M x denotes monovalent atoms from Group IA of the Periodic Table, M y denotes divalent atoms from Group IIA of the Periodic Table, M z denotes trivalent atoms from Group IVB, Group IVA or Group IIIA; wherein the particle size of the particulate is from 20 to 300 microns and the composition has an average saturation magnetization of 43 to 70 emu/g, an apparent density of 1.8 g/cm 3 or greater, a hardness of 7-8.0 Moh scale, and a resistivity of 10 8 -10 13 ohm-cm having coated thereon a toner which electrostatically clings to the surface of said carrier.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
40 words
The developer composition of claim 7 wherein the toner has an average particle diameter of from 1 to 30 microns and wherein there is present one part of toner for each 10 to 200 parts by weight of said carrier.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
18 words
The developer composition of claim 7 wherein the toner particles are colored with a pigment or a dye.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
30 words
The developer composition of claim 9 wherein there is present from 3 to 20 wt. % of the dye or pigment based on the total weight of the colored toner.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
17 words
A composition of claim 3 exhibiting a Hall Flow of 20 seconds or more per 50 grams.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
13 words
A composition of claim 6 having a coercivity of 20 to 60 oersteds.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1989-06-02 | 1989-12-02 | 1990-06-03 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1993-06-02 | 1993-12-02 | 1994-06-03 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1997-06-02 | 1997-12-02 | 1998-06-03 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |