Beneficiation of shale kerogen and its conversion into shale oil

Claim 2

A process for the production and conversion of solid shale kerogen to produce shale oil comprising in serial combination the steps of: (a) grinding crushed shale into a first product consisting essentially of generally inert matter and generally liberated solid kerogen having an average fineness of between about 5 microns to about 250 microns; (b) treating the surface of the first product including the ground-liberated solid kerogen of step (a) with a first collector in order to render the ground liberated solid kerogen air-avid and water-repellent; (c) introducing the ground-treated first product of step (b) into a first water suspension medium having a first frother; (d) suspending the ground-treated first product in the first water suspension medium by a first means for agitation; (e) aerating the first water suspension medium in order to form a layer of foam on top of the first water suspension medium such that air-avid treated liberated solid kerogen having a fineness of between about 5 microns to about 250 microns attaches to the rising bubbles of aeration where it collects in the foam; (f) skimming off the collected liberated solid kerogen from the surface of the first water suspension medium in order to recover liberated solid kerogen having an average fineness of between about 5 microns to 250 microns; (g) grinding the recovered liberated solid kerogen of step (f) into a second product consisting essentially of generally disassociated inert matter and generaly clean solid kerogen having an average fineness of between about 0.5 microns to about 45 microns; (h) treating the surface of the second product including the ground-clean solid kerogen with a second collector in order to render the ground-clean solid kerogen air-avid and water-repellent; (i) introducing the ground-treated second product of step (h) into a second water suspension medium having a second frother; (j) aerating the second water suspension medium having the second frother of step (i) in order to form a second layer of foam on top of the second water suspension medium such that air-avid treated clean solid kerogen having a fineness of between about 0.5 to 45 microns attaches to the rising bubbles of aeration where it collects in the foam; (k) skimming off the collected clean solid kerogen product from the surface of the second water suspension medium in order to recover a clean solid kerogen product having an average fineness of between about 0.5 to 45 microns; (l) mixing the recovered clean solid kerogen product of step (k) with a liquid means to form a pumpable solid kerogen paste; (m) introducing the pumpable solid kerogen paste of step (k) into at least one reaction zone maintained at a pressure of between about 50 and about 5,000 psi. and a temperature of between about 300 degrees Fahrenheit and about 1,000 degrees Fahrenheit in order to convert the solid kerogen in the pumpable solid kerogen paste into a hydrocarbon liquid; and (n) removing the converted hydrocarbon liquid of step (m) and associated gases from the reaction zone.

Claim 3

The process of claim 1 additionally comprising introducing a hydrogen containing gas into the reaction zone after introducing step (m) in order to contact the pumpable kerogen paste to prevent coke formation in the pumpable kerogen paste which is converted into a hydrocarbon liquid.

Claim 4

The process of claim 1 additionally comprising admixing the pumpable kerogen paste of step (l) with a hydrogen containing gas prior to said introducing step (m).

Claim 5

The process of claim 1 additionally comprising admixing the liquid means with a hydrogen containing gas prior to said liquid means being mixed with said recovered clean kerogen product.

Claim 6

The process of claim 1 additionally comprising drying the recovered 0.5 to 45 microns of fine kerogen product of step (k) prior to said mixing step (l).

Claim 7

The process of claim 5 wherein said drying is by filtering.

Claim 8

The process of claim 1 additionally comprising adding a hydrogenation catalyst to the reaction zone prior to said introducing step (m).

Claim 9

The process of claim 1 wherein said introducing step (m) for converting kerogen is at a space velocity of between about 0.05 and about 4.0 tons of pumpable kerogen paste feed/hr./cu. ft. of reaction zone.

Claim 10

The process of claim 1 additionally comprising separating the reaction effluent into two or more component streams.

Claim 11

The process of claim 2 wherein the amount of hydrogen containing gas introduced varies from about 2,000 to about 10,000 scf. per ton of feed pumpable kerogen paste.

Claim 12

The process of claim 9 wherein the added liquid means is a hydrocarbon recycle stream from the effluent stream separation process.

Claim 13

The process of claim 1 wherein the liquid means in Bbls/ton of clean kerogen product ratio of pumpable kerogen paste feed varies from about 5:1 to about 50:1.

Claim 14

The process of claim 2 wherein said pumpable kerogen paste is contacted with the hydrogen containing gas for at least 0.5 minutes.

Claim 15

The process of claim 1 wherein said suspending of the ground-treated first product in the first water suspension by said first means for agitation in step (d) is at an average pulp density of between about 10 to about 45% solids; said first means for agitation includes a first impeller speed tip means and the rate of agitation of said first means for agitation is between about 5 and 2,000 ft./min. with said first impeller speed tip means.

Claim 16

The process of claim 1 additionally comprising suspending the ground-treated second product in the second water suspension medium by a second means for agitation and at an average pulp density of between about 10 to about 45% solids prior to said aerating step (j); said second means for agitation includes a second impeller speed tip means and the rate of agitation of said second means for agitation is between about 5 and 2,000 ft./min. with said second impeller speed tip means.

Claim 17

The process of claim 1 wherein said grinding step (a) and (g) and said treating steps (b) and (h) are at a temperature of between about 0 degrees centigrade and 50 degrees centigrade.

Claim 18

The process of claim 1 wherein said first water suspension medium and said second water suspension medium have a temperature of between about 0 degrees centigrade and 50 degrees centigrade.

Claim 19

The process of claim 1 wherein said clean kerogen product of step (k) contains at least 40% by weight of pure kerogen.

Claim 20

The process of claim 1 wherein at least 50% by weight of the kerogen in the pumpable kerogen paste is converted into a hydrocarbon liquid by said introducing step (m).

Claim 21

The process of claim 1 wherein said liquid means of step (l) is a hydrocarbon liquid means.

Claim 22

The process of claim 1 wherein said treating step (b) comprises filming the surfaces of the first product with the first collector in a first conditioning zone at a ratio of between about 0.005 to about 10.0 lbs. of the first collector per ton of the first product.

Claim 23

The process of claim 1 wherein said treating step (h) comprises filming the surfaces of the second product with the second collector in a second conditioning zone at a ratio of between about 0.005 to about 10.0 lbs. of the second collector per ton of the second product.

Claim 24

The process of claim 1 additionally comprising filming the surface of the first product prior to said treating step (b) with a first modifying agent in a first modifying conditioning zone at a ratio of between about 0.05 to about 10.0 lbs. of the first modifying agent per ton of the first product.

Claim 25

The process of claim 23 wherein said first modifying agent is a depressant selected from the group consisting of ligno sulfates, starch, gelatin, saponin, quebracho, sodium metaphosphate, sodium silicate, dextrin, aluminum hydroxide, iron hydroxide, lime, and mixtures thereof.

Claim 26

The process of claim 23 wherein said first modifying agent is an activator selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof.

Claim 27

The process of claim 1 additionally comprising filming the surfaces of the second product prior to said treating step (h) with a second modifying agent in a second modifying conditioning zone at a ratio of between about 0.05 to about 10.0 lbs. of the second modifying agent per ton of the second-stage product.

Claim 28

The process of claim 26 wherein said second modifying agent is a depressant selected from the group consisting of ligno sulfates, starch, gelatin, saponin, quebracho, sodium metaphosphate, dextrin, aluminum hydroxide, iron hydroxide, lime, sodium silicate, and mixtures thereof.

Claim 29

The process of claim 26 wherein said second modifying agent is an activator selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof.

Claim 30

The process of claim 1 wherein said first collector is selected from the group consisting of tall oil, lignin, tallow, kerosene, shale oil fractionation products, methyl octadecyl amino, lauryl amino hydrochloride, sodium oleate, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and mixtures thereof.

Claim 31

The process of claim 1 wherein said second collector is selected from the group consisting of tall oil, lignin, tallow, kerosene, shale oil fractionation products, methyl octadecyl amino, lauryl amino hydrochloride, sodium oleate, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and mixtures thereof.

Claim 32

The process of claim 1 wherein said first frother is selected from the group consisting of methyl amyl alcohol, methylisobutylcarbinol, polypropylene glycol ether, pine oil, cresylic acid, terpinol, pentandiol, and mixtures thereof; and said first frother comprises between 0.01 to about 0.50% by weight of said first water suspension medium.

Claim 33

The process of claim 1 wherein said second frother is selected from the group consisting of methyl amyl alcohol, methylisobutylcarbinol, polypropylene glycol ether, pine oil, cresylic acid, terpinol, pentandiol, and mixtures thereof.

Claim 34

The process of claim 1 wherein said first and said second water suspension medium have a pH of between about 5 and 10, said aerating steps (e) and (j) are at a rate of between 5 and 15 cubic feet per minute per square foot of the surface of the water suspension medium being aerated, and are aerated from between about 1/2 minute to about 2 hours.

Claim 35

The process of claim 1 wherein said pumpable kerogen paste of step (l) is introduced at a temperature of between about 100 degrees Fahrenheit and 900 degrees Fahrenheit.

Claim 36

The process of claim 7 wherein said hydrogenation catalyst has a density of between about 0.6 to 5 gms/cc and an average size of between about 50 microns to about 450 microns.

Claim 37

The process of claim 7 wherein said hydrogenation catalyst is selected from the group consisting of cobalt, iron, molybdenum, nickel, tungsten, platinum, palladium, and their oxides, and their sulfides, and mixtures thereof.

Claim 38

A process for the production and conversion of shale kerogen to produce shale oil comprising in serial combination the steps of: (a) grinding crushed shale at a temperature of between about 0 degrees centigrade to about 50 degrees centigrade into a first product consisting essentially of generally inert matter and generally liberated kerogen having an average fineness of between about 5 microns to about 250 microns; (b) treating in a first conditioning zone the surface of the first product including the ground-liberated kerogen of step (a) with a first collector selected from the group consisting of tall oil, lignin, tallow, kerosene, shale oil fractionation products, methyl octadecyl amino, lauryl amino hydrochloride, sodium oleate, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and mixtures thereof, at a ratio of between about 0.005 to about 10.0 lbs. of the first collector per ton of the first product and at a temperature of between about 0 degrees centigrade to about 50 degrees centigrade in order to render the ground-liberated kerogen air-avid and water-repellent; (c) introducing the ground-treated first product of step (b) into a first water suspension medium having a pH of between about 5 and 10 and between about 0.01 to about 0.50% by weight of a first frother selected from the group consisting of methyl amyl alcohol, methylisobutylcarbinol, polypropylene glycol ether, pine oil, cresylic acid, terpinol, pentandiol, and mixtures thereof, and a temperature of between about 0 degrees centigrade and 50 degrees centigrade; (d) suspending the ground-treated first product in the first water suspension medium by a first means for agitation at an average pulp density of between about 10 to about 45% solids and at a rate of between about 5 and 2000 ft./min. with an impeller speed tip means; (e) aerating at a rate of between about 5 and and 15 cubic feet per minute per square foot of the surface of the first water suspension medium and from between 1/2 minute to about 2 hours, the first water suspension medium having the first frother of step (c) in order to form a layer of foam on top of the first water suspension medium such that air-avid treated liberated kerogen having an average fineness of between about 5 microns to about 250 microns attaches to the rising bubbles of aeration where it collects in the foam; (f) skimming off the collected liberated kerogen from the surface of the first water suspension medium in order to recover liberated kerogen having an average fineness of between about 5 microns to 250 microns; (g) grinding at a temperature of between about 0 degrees centigrade to about 50 degrees centigrade the recovered liberated kerogen of step (e) into a second product consisting essentially of generally disassociated inert matter and generally clean kerogen having an average fineness of between about 0.5 microns to about 45 microns; (h) treating in a second conditioning zone the surface of the second product including the ground-clean kerogen with a second collector selected from the group consisting of tall oil, lignin, tallow, kerosene, shale oil fractionation products, methyl octadecyl amino, lauryl amino hydrocholoride, sodium oleate, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and mixtures thereof, at a ratio of between about 0.005 to about 10.0 lbs. of the second collector per ton of the second product and at a temperature of between about 0 degrees centigrade and about 50 degrees centigrade in order to render the ground-clean kerogen air-avid and water-repellent; (i) introducing the ground-treated second product of step (h) into a second water suspension medium having a pH of between about 5 and 10 and between about 0.01 to about 0.50% by weight a second frother selected from the group consisting of methyl amyl alcohol, methylisobutylcarbinol, polypropylene glycol ether, pine oil, cresylic acid, terpinol, pentandiol, and mixtures thereof, and having a temperature of between about 0 degrees centigrade and 50 degrees centigrade; (j) aerating at a rate of between about 5 and 15 cubic feet per minute per square foot of the surface of the second water suspension medium and from between 1/2 minute to about 2 hours the second water suspension medium in order to form a second layer of foam on top of the second water suspension medium such that air-avid treated clean kerogen having a fineness of between about 0.5 to 45 microns attaches to the rising bubbles of aeration where it collects in the foam; (k) skimmng off the collected clean kerogen product having at least 40% by weight of pure kerogen from the surface of the second water suspension medium in order to recover a clean kerogen product having an average fineness of between about 0.5 to 45 microns and containing at least 40% by weight of pure kerogen; (l) mixing the recovered clean kerogen product of step (k) with a hydrogen liquid means to form a pumpable kerogen paste, and the liquid means in Bbls./ton of clean kerogen product ratio of pumpable kerogen paste feed varies from about 5:1 to about 50:1; (m) introducing at a temperature of between about 100 degrees Fahrenheit and 900 degrees Fahrenheit the pumpable kerogen paste of step (l) into at least one reaction zone at a space velocity of between about 0.05 and about 4.0 of tons pumpable kerogen paste feed/hr./cu. ft. of reaction zone and wherein the reaction zone is maintained at a pressure of between about 50 and about 5,000 psi. and a temperature of between about 300 degrees Fahrenheit and about 1,000 degrees Fahrenheit in order to convert at least 50% by weight of the kerogen in the pumpable kerogen paste into a hydrocarbon liquid; and (n) removing the converted hydrocarbon liquid of step (m) and associated gases from the reaction zone.

Claim 39

A process for the production and conversion of shale kerogen to produce shale oil comprising in serial combination the steps of: (a) grinding crushed shale at a temperature of between about 0 degrees centigrade to about 50 degrees centigrade into a first product consisting essentially of generally inert matter and generally liberated kerogen having an average fineness of between about 5 microns to about 250 microns; (b) treating in a first conditioning zone the surface of the first product including the ground-liberated kerogen of step (a) with a first collector selected from the group consisting of tall oil, lignin, tallow, kerosene, shale oil fractionation products, methyl octadecyl amino, lauryl amino hydrochloride, sodium oleate, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and mixtures thereof, at a ratio of between about 0.005 to about 10.0 lbs. of the first collector per ton of the first product and at a temperature of between about 0 degrees centigrade to about 50 degrees centigrade in order to render the ground-liberated kerogen air-avid and water-repellent; (c) introducing the ground-treated first product of step (b) into a first water suspension medium having a pH of between about 5 and 10 and between about 0.01 to about 0.50% by weight of a first frother selected from the group consisting of methyl amyl alcohol, methylisobutylcarbinol, polypropylene glycol ether, pine oil, cresylic acid, terpinol, pentandiol, and mixtures thereof, and a temperature of between about 0 degrees centigrade and 50 degrees centigrade; (d) suspending the ground-treated first product in the first water suspension medium by a first means for agitation at an average pulp density of between about 10 to about 45% solids and at a rate of between about 5 and 2000 ft./min. with an impeller speed tip means; (e) aerating at a rate of between about 5 and and 15 cubic feet per minute per square foot of the surface of the first water suspension medium and from between 1/2 minute to about 2 hours, the first water suspension medium having the first frother of step (c) in order to form a layer of foam on top of the first water suspension medium such that air-avid treated liberated kerogen having an average fineness of between about 5 microns to about 250 microns attaches to the rising bubbles of aeration where it collects in the foam; (f) skimming off the collected liberated kerogen from the surface of the first water suspension medium in order to recover liberated kerogen having an average fineness of between about 5 microns to 250 microns; (g) grinding at a temperature of between about 0 degrees centigrade to about 50 degrees centigrade the recovered liberated kerogen of step (e) into a second product consisting essentially of generally disassociated inert matter and generally clean kerogen having an average fineness of between about 0.5 microns to about 45 microns; (h) treating in a second conditioning zone the surface of the second product including the ground-clean kerogen with a second collector selected from the group consisting of tall oil, lignin, tallow, kerosene, shale oil fractionation products, methyl octadecyl amino, lauryl amino hydrocholoride, sodium oleate, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and mixtures thereof, at a ratio of between about 0.005 to about 10.0 lbs. of the second collector per ton of the second product and at a temperature of between about 0 degrees centigrade and about 50 degrees centigrade in order to render the ground-clean kerogen air-avid and water-repellent; (i) introducing the ground-treated second product of step (h) into a second water suspension medium having a pH of between about 5 and 10 and between about 0.01 to about 0.50% by weight a second frother selected from the group consisting of methyl amyl alcohol, methylisobutylcarbinol, polypropylene glycol ether, pine oil, cresylic acid, terpinol, pentandiol, and mixtures thereof, and having a temperature of between about 0 degrees centigrade and 50 degrees centigrade; (j) aerating at a rate of between about 5 and 15 cubic feet per minute per square foot of the surface of the second water suspension medium and from between 1/2 minute to about 2 hours the second water suspension medium in order to form a second layer of foam on top of the second water suspension medium such that air-avid treated clean kerogen having a fineness of between about 0.5 to 45 microns attaches to the rising bubbles of aeration where it collects in the foam; (k) skimmng off the collected clean kerogen product having at least 40% by weight of pure kerogen from the surface of the second water suspension medium in order to recover a clean kerogen product having an average fineness of between about 0.5 to 45 microns and containing at least 40% by weight of pure kerogen; (l) mixing the recovered clean kerogen product of step (k) with a hydrogen liquid means to form a pumpable kerogen paste, and the liquid means in Bbls./ton of clean kerogen product ratio of pumpable kerogen paste feed varies from about 5:1 to about 50:1; (m) introducing at a temperature of between about 100 degrees Fahrenheit and 900 degrees Fahrenheit the pumpable kerogen paste of step (l) into at least one reaction zone at a space velocity of between about 0.05 and about 4.0 of tons pumpable kerogen paste feed/hr./cu. ft. of reaction zone and wherein the reaction zone is maintained at a pressure of between about 50 and about 5,000 psi. and a temperature of between about 300 degrees Fahrenheit and about 1,000 degrees Fahrenheit in order to convert at least 50% by weight of the kerogen in the pumpable kerogen paste into a hydrocarbon liquid; and (n) removing the converted hydrocarbon liquid of step (m) and associated gases from the reaction zone.

Claim 40

A process for the production and conversation of solid shale kerogen to produce shale oil comprising in serial combination the steps of: (a) grinding crushed shale into a first product consisting essentially of generally inert matter and generally liberated solid kerogen having an average fineness of between about 5 microns to about 250 microns; (b) treating the surface of the first product including the ground-liberated solid kerogen of step (a) with a first collector in order to render the ground-liberated solid kerogen air-avid and water-repellent; (c) introducing the ground-treated first product of step (b) into a first water suspension medium having a first frother; (d) suspending the ground treated first product in the first water suspension medium by a first means for agitation; (e) aerating the first water suspension medium in order to form a layer of foam on top of the first water suspension medium such that air-avid treated liberated solid kerogen having a fineness of between about 5 microns to about 250 microns attaches to the rising bubbles of aeration where it collects in the foam; (f) skimming off the collected liberated solid kerogen from the surface of the first water suspension medium in order to recover liberated solid kerogen having an average fineness of between about 5 microns to 250 microns; (g) grinding of the recovered liberated solid kerogen of step (f) into a second product consisting essentially of generally disassociated inert matter and generally clean solid kerogen having an average fineness of between about 0.5 microns to about 45 microns; (h) treating the surface of the second product including the ground-clean solid kerogen with a second collector in order to render the ground-clean solid kerogen air-avid and water-repellent; (i) introducing the ground-treated second product of step (j) into a second water suspension medium having a second frother; (j) aerating the second water suspension medium having the second frother step (i) in order to form a second layer of foam on top of the second water suspension medium such that air-avid treated clean solid kerogen having a fineness of between about 0.5 to 45 microns attaches to the rising bubbles of aeration where it collects in the foam; (k) skimming off the collected clean solid kerogen product from the surface of the second water suspension medium in order to recover a clean solid kerogen product having an average fineness of between about 0.5 to 45 microns; (l) mixing the recovered clean solid kerogen product of step (k) with a liquid means to form a pumpable solid kerogen paste; (m) introducing the pumpable solid kerogen paste of step (l) along with a hydrogen containing gas into at least one upflow expanded catalytic bed reaction zone, at a superficial velocity sufficient to move the reaction mixture of gases, liquids and solids upwardly through the reactor and wherein the reaction zone is maintained at a pressure of between about 50 and about 5,000 psi. and a temperature of between about 300 degrees Fahrenheit and about 1,000 degrees Fahrenheit, in order to convert the solid kerogen in the pumpable solid kerogen paste into a hydrocarbon liquid; (n) removing the reaction mixture including the converted hydrocarbon liquid of step (m) and associated gases from the reaction zone as total overhead effluent; and (o) separating the reactor effluent into two or more component streams.

Claim 41

A process for the production and conversation of solid shale kerogen to produce shale oil comprising in serial combination the steps of: (a) grinding crushed shale into a first product consisting essentially of generally inert matter and generally liberated solid kerogen having an average fineness of between about 5 microns to about 250 microns; (b) treating the surface of the first product including the ground-liberated solid kerogen of step (a) with a first collector in order to render the ground-liberated solid kerogen air-avid and water-repellent; (c) introducing the ground-treated first product of step (b) into a first water suspension medium having a first frother; (d) suspending the ground treated first product in the first water suspension medium by a first means for agitation; (e) aerating the first water suspension medium in order to form a layer of foam on top of the first water suspension medium such that air-avid treated liberated solid kerogen having a fineness of between about 5 microns to about 250 microns attaches to the rising bubbles of aeration where it collects in the foam; (f) skimming off the collected liberated solid kerogen from the surface of the first water suspension medium in order to recover liberated solid kerogen having an average fineness of between about 5 microns to 250 microns; (g) grinding of the recovered liberated solid kerogen of step (f) into a second product consisting essentially of generally disassociated inert matter and generally clean solid kerogen having an average fineness of between about 0.5 microns to about 45 microns; (h) treating the surface of the second product including the ground-clean solid kerogen with a second collector in order to render the ground-clean solid kerogen air-avid and water-repellent; (i) introducing the ground-treated second product of step (j) into a second water suspension medium having a second frother; (j) aerating the second water suspension medium having the second frother step (i) in order to form a second layer of foam on top of the second water suspension medium such that air-avid treated clean solid kerogen having a fineness of between about 0.5 to 45 microns attaches to the rising bubbles of aeration where it collects in the foam; (k) skimming off the collected clean solid kerogen product from the surface of the second water suspension medium in order to recover a clean solid kerogen product having an average fineness of between about 0.5 to 45 microns; (l) mixing the recovered clean solid kerogen product of step (k) with a liquid means to form a pumpable solid kerogen paste; (m) introducing the pumpable solid kerogen paste of step (l) along with a hydrogen containing gas into at least one upflow expanded catalytic bed reaction zone, at a superficial velocity sufficient to move the reaction mixture of gases, liquids and solids upwardly through the reactor and wherein the reaction zone is maintained at a pressure of between about 50 and about 5,000 psi. and a temperature of between about 300 degrees Fahrenheit and about 1,000 degrees Fahrenheit, in order to convert the solid kerogen in the pumpable solid kerogen paste into a hydrocarbon liquid; (n) removing the reaction mixture including the converted hydrocarbon liquid of step (m) and associated gases from the reaction zone as total overhead effluent; and (o) separating the reactor effluent into two or more component streams.

Claim 42

The process of claim 38 additionally comprising said introducing step (m) comprises a space velocity between about 0.05 and 4.0 tons of pumpable kerogen paste feed/hr./cu. ft. of reaction zone.

Claim 43

The process of claim 38 additionally comprising drying the recovered 0.5 to 45 microns of fine kerogen product of step (k) prior to said mixing step (l).

Claim 44

The process of claim 40 wherein said drying is by filtering.

Claim 45

The process of claim 38 wherein said catalytic bed comprises a hydrogenation catalyst.

Claim 46

The process of claim 42 wherein said expanded bed is a fluidized bed.

Claim 47

The process of claim 42 wherein said expanded bed is an ebullated bed.

Claim 48

The process of claim 38 wherein the amount of hydrogen containing gas introduced varies from about 2,000 to about 10,000 scf. per ton of feed pumpable kerogen paste.

Claim 49

The process of claim 38 wherein said liquid means is a hydrocarbon liquid and the added hydrocarbon liquid is a hydrocarbon recycled stream from the effluent stream separation process.

Claim 50

The process of claim 38 wherein the liquid means clean kerogen product ratio of pumpable kerogen paste feed varies from about 5:1 to about 50:1.

Claim 51

The process of claim 38 wherein said suspending of the ground-treated first product in the first water suspension medium by said first means for agitation in step (d) is at an average pulp density of between about 10 to about 45% solids; said first means for agitation includes a first impeller speed tip means and the rate of agitation of said first means for agitation is between about 5 and 2,000 ft./min. with an impeller speed tip means.

Claim 52

The process of claim 38 additionally comprising suspending the ground treated second product in the second water suspension medium by a second means for agitation and at an average pulp density of between about 10 to about 45% solids prior to said aerating step (j); said second means for agitation includes second impeller speed tip means and the rate of agitation of said second means for agitation is between about 5 and 2,000 ft./min. with said second impeller speed tip means.

Claim 53

The process of claim 38 wherein said grinding steps (a) and (g) and said treating steps (b) and (h) are at a temperature of between about 0 degrees centigrade and 50 degrees centigrade.

Claim 54

The process of claim 38 wherein said first water suspension medium and said second water suspension medium have a temperature of between about 0 degrees centigrade and 50 degrees centigrade.

Claim 55

The process of claim 38 wherein said clean kerogen product of step (k) contains at least 40% by weight of pure kerogen.

Claim 56

The process of claim 38 wherein at least 50% by weight of the kerogen in the pumpable kerogen paste is converted into a hydrocarbon liquid by said introducing step (m).

Claim 57

The process of claim 38 wherein said liquid means of step (l) is a hydrocarbon liquid means.

Claim 58

The process of claim 38 wherein said treating step (b) comprises filming the surfaces of the first product with the first collector in a first conditioning zone at a ratio of between about 0.005 to about 10.0 lbs. of the first collector per ton of the first product.

Claim 59

The process of claim 38 wherein said treating step (h) comprises filming the surfaces of the second product with the second collector in a second conditioning zone at a ratio of between about 0.005 to about 10.0 lbs. of the second collector per ton of the second product.

Claim 60

The process of claim 38 additionally comprising filming the surface of the first product prior to said treating step (b) with a first modifying agent in a first modifying conditioning zone at a ratio of between about 0.05 to about 10.0 lbs. of the first modifying agent per ton of the first product.

Claim 61

The process of claim 57 wherein said first modifying agent is a depressant selected from the group consisting of ligno sulfates, starch, gelatin, saponin, quebracho, sodium metaphosphate, dextrin, aluminum hydroxide, iron hydroxide, lime, sodium silicate, and mixtures thereof.

Claim 62

The process of claim 57 wherein said first modifying agent is an activator selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof.

Claim 63

The process of claim 38 additionally comprising filming the surfaces of the second product prior to said treating step (h) with a second modifying agent in a second modifying conditioning zone at a ratio of between about 0.05 to about 10.0 lbs. of the second modifying agent per ton of the second-stage product.

Claim 64

The process of claim 60 wherein said second modifying agent is a depressant selected from the group consisting of ligno sulfates, starch, gelatin, saponin, quebracho, sodium metaphosphate, dextrin, aluminum hydroxide, iron hydroxide, lime, sodium silicate, and mixtures thereof.

Claim 65

The process of claim 60 wherein said second modifying agent is an activator selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof.

Claim 66

The process of claim 38 wherein said first collector is selected from the group consisting of tall oil, lignin, tallow, kerosene, shale oil fractionation products, methyl octadecyl amino, lauryl amino hydrochloride, sodium oleate, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and mixtures thereof.

Claim 67

The process of claim 38 wherein said second collector is selected from the group consisting of tall oil, lignin, tallow, kerosene, shale oil fractionation products, methyl octadecyl amino, lauryl amino hydrochloride, sodium oleate, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and mixtures thereof.

Claim 68

The process of claim 38 wherein said first frother is selected from the group consisting of methyl amyl alcohol, methylisobutylcarbinol, polypropylene glycol ether, pine oil, cresylic acid, terpinol, pentantiol, and mixtures thereof; and said first frother comprises between 0.01 to about 0.50% by weiqht of said first water suspension medium.

Claim 69

The process of claim 38 wherein said second frother is selected from the group consisting of methyl amyl alcohol, methylisobutylcarbinol, polypropylene glycol ether, pine oil, cresylic acid, terpinol, pentandiol, and mixtures thereof; and said second frother comprises between 0.01 to about 0.50% by weight of said second water suspension medium.

Claim 70

The process of claim 38 wherein said first and said second water suspension medium have a pH of between about 5 and 10; said aerating steps (e) and (j) are at a rate of between about 5 and 15 cubic feet per minute per square foot of the surface of the water suspension medium being aerated and are aerated from between about 1/2 minute to about 2 hours.

Claim 71

The process of claim 38 wherein said pumpable kerogen paste of step (l) is introduced at a temperature of between about 100 degrees Fahrenheit and 900 degrees Fahrenheit.

Claim 72

The process of claim 42 wherein said hydrogenation catalyst has a density of between about 0.6 to 5 gms/cc and an average size of between about 50 microns to about 450 microns.

Claim 73

The process of claim 44 wherein said hydrogenation catalyst has a density of between about 0.6 to 5 gms/cc and an average size of between about 50 microns to about 450 microns.

Claim 74

The process of claim 42 wherein said hydrogenation catalyst is selected from the group consisting of cobalt, iron, molybdenum, nickel, tungsten, platinum, palladium, their oxides, their sulfides, and mixtures thereof.

Claim 75

The process of claim 44 wherein said hydrogenation catalyst is selected from the group consisting of cobalt, iron, molydenum nickel, tungsten, platinum, palladium, their oxides, their sulfides, and mixtures thereof.

Claim 76

A process for the production and conversion of solid shale kerogen to produce shale oil comprising in serial combination the steps of: (a) grinding crushed shale into a first product consisting essentially of generally inert matter and generally liberated solid kerogen having an average fineness of between about 5 microns to about 250 microns; (b) treating the surface of the first product including the ground-liberated solid kerogen of step (a) with a first collector in order to render the ground-liberated solid kerogen air-avid and water-repellent; (c) introducing the ground-treated first product of step (b) into a first water suspension medium having a first frother; (d) suspending the ground-treated first product in the first water suspension medium by a first means for agitation; (e) aerating the first water suspension medium in order to form a layer of foam on top of the first water suspension medium such that air-avid treated liberated solid kerogen having a fineness of between about 5 microns to about 250 microns attaches to the rising bubbles of aeration where it collects in the foam; (f) skimming off the collected liberated solid kerogen from the surface of the first water suspension medium in order to recover liberated solid kerogen having an average fineness of between about 5 microns to 250 microns; (g) grinding of the recovered liberated solid kerogen of step (f) into a second product consisting essentially of generally disassociated inert matter and generally clean solid kerogen having an average fineness of between about 0.5 microns to about 45 microns; (h) treating the surface of the second product including the ground-clean solid kerogen with a second collector in order to render the ground-clean solid kerogen air-avid and water-repellent; (i) introducing the ground-treated second product of step (h) into a second water suspension medium having a second frother; (j) aerating the second water suspension medium having the second frother of step (i) in order to form a second layer of foam on top of the second water suspension medium such that air-avid treated clean solid kerogen having a fineness of between about 0.5 to 45 microns attaches to the rising bubbles of aeration where it collects in the foam; (k) skimming off the collected clean solid kerogen product from the surface of the second water suspension medium in order to recover a clean solid kerogen product having an average fineness of between about 0.5 to 45 microns; (l) mixing the recovered clean solid kerogen product of step (k) with a liquid means to form a pumpable solid kerogen paste; (m) introducing the pumpable solid kerogen paste of step (l) into at least one upflow expanded catalytic bed reaction zone, maintained at a pressure of between about 50 to about 5,000 psi. and a temperature of between about 300 degrees Fahrenheit and about 1,000 degrees Fahrenheit; (n) introducing a hydrogen containing gas into the reaction zone of step (m) in such a manner that the hydrogen containing gas flows upwardly at between about 2,000 to about 10,000 scf. per ton of pumpable solid kerogen paste feed in order to assist converting the solid kerogen in the pumpable solid kerogen paste into a hydrocarbon liquid; (o) removing the reaction mixture including the converted hydrocarbon liquid of step (n) and associated gases from the reaction zone as total overhead effluent; and (p) separating the reactor effluent into two or more component streams.

Claim 77

A process for the production and conversion of solid shale kerogen to produce shale oil comprising in serial combination the steps of: (a) grinding crushed shale into a first product consisting essentially of generally inert matter and generally liberated solid kerogen having an average fineness of between about 5 microns to about 250 microns; (b) treating the surface of the first product including the ground-liberated solid kerogen of step (a) with a first collector in order to render the ground-liberated solid kerogen air-avid and water-repellent; (c) introducing the ground-treated first product of step (b) into a first water suspension medium having a first frother; (d) suspending the ground-treated first product in the first water suspension medium by a first means for agitation; (e) aerating the first water suspension medium in order to form a layer of foam on top of the first water suspension medium such that air-avid treated liberated solid kerogen having a fineness of between about 5 microns to about 250 microns attaches to the rising bubbles of aeration where it collects in the foam; (f) skimming off the collected liberated solid kerogen from the surface of the first water suspension medium in order to recover liberated solid kerogen having an average fineness of between about 5 microns to 250 microns; (g) grinding of the recovered liberated solid kerogen of step (f) into a second product consisting essentially of generally disassociated inert matter and generally clean solid kerogen having an average fineness of between about 0.5 microns to about 45 microns; (h) treating the surface of the second product including the ground-clean solid kerogen with a second collector in order to render the ground-clean solid kerogen air-avid and water-repellent; (i) introducing the ground-treated second product of step (h) into a second water suspension medium having a second frother; (j) aerating the second water suspension medium having the second frother of step (i) in order to form a second layer of foam on top of the second water suspension medium such that air-avid treated clean solid kerogen having a fineness of between about 0.5 to 45 microns attaches to the rising bubbles of aeration where it collects in the foam; (k) skimming off the collected clean solid kerogen product from the surface of the second water suspension medium in order to recover a clean solid kerogen product having an average fineness of between about 0.5 to 45 microns; (l) mixing the recovered clean solid kerogen product of step (k) with a liquid means to form a pumpable solid kerogen paste; (m) introducing the pumpable solid kerogen paste of step (l) into at least one upflow expanded catalytic bed reaction zone, maintained at a pressure of between about 50 to about 5,000 psi. and a temperature of between about 300 degrees Fahrenheit and about 1,000 degrees Fahrenheit; (n) introducing a hydrogen containing gas into the reaction zone of step (m) in such a manner that the hydrogen containing gas flows upwardly at between about 2,000 to about 10,000 scf. per ton of pumpable solid kerogen paste feed in order to assist converting the solid kerogen in the pumpable solid kerogen paste into a hydrocarbon liquid; (o) removing the reaction mixture including the converted hydrocarbon liquid of step (n) and associated gases from the reaction zone as total overhead effluent; and (p) separating the reactor effluent into two or more component streams.

Claim 78

The process of claim 73 additionally comprising said introducing step (m) having at a space velocity of between about 0.05 and 4.0 tons of pumpable kerogen paste feed/hr./cu. ft. of reaction zone.

Claim 79

The process of claim 73 additionally comprising drying the recovered the 0.5 to 45 microns of fine kerogen product of step (k) prior to said mixing step (l).

Claim 80

The process of claim 73 wherein said drying is by filtering.

Claim 81

The process of claim 73 wherein said expanded catalytic bed comprises a hydrogenation catalyst.

Claim 82

The process of claim 77 wherein said expanded catalytic bed reaction zone is a fluidized bed.

Claim 83

The process of claim 77 wherein said expanded catalytic bed reaction zone is an ebullated bed.

Claim 84

The process of claim 73 wherein said liquid means of step (l) is a hydrocarbon liquid and the added hydrocarbon liquid is a hydrocarbon recycled stream from the effluent stream separation process.

Claim 85

The process of claim 73 wherein the liquid means in Bbls./ton of clean kerogen product ratio of pumpable kerogen paste feed varies from about 5:1 to about 50:1.

Claim 86

The process of claim 74 wherein said pumpable kerogen paste is contacted with the hydrogen containing gas for at least 0.5 minutes.

Claim 87

The process of claim 73 wherein said suspending of the ground-treated first product in the first water suspension medium by said first means for agitation in step (d) is at an average pulp density of between about 10 to about 45% solids; said first means for agitation includes a first impeller speed tip means and the rate of agitation of said first means for agitation is between about 5 and 2,000 ft./min. with said first impeller speed tip means.

Claim 88

The process of claim 73 additionally comprising suspending the ground-treated second product in the second water suspension medium by a second means for agitation and at an average pulp density of between about 10 to about 45% solids prior to said aerating step (j); said second means for agitation includes a second impeller speed tip means and the rate of agitation of said second means for agitation is between about 5 and 2,000 ft./min. with an impeller speed tip means.

Claim 89

The process of claim 73 wherein said grinding step (a) and (g) and said treating steps (c) and (h) are at a temperature of between about 0 degrees centigrade and 50 degrees centigrade.

Claim 90

The process of claim 73 wherein said first water suspension medium and said second water suspension medium have a temperature of between about 0 degrees centigrade and 50 degrees centigrade.

Claim 91

The process of claim 73 wherein said clean kerogen product of step (k) contains at least 40% by weight of pure kerogen.

Claim 92

The process of claim 73 wherein at least 50% by weight of the kerogen in the pumpable kerogen paste is converted into a hydrocarbon liquid by said introducing step (m).

Claim 93

The process of claim 73 wherein said liquid means of step (l) is a hydrocarbon liquid means.

Claim 94

The process of claim 73 wherein said treating step (b) comprises filming the surfaces of the first product with the first collector in a first conditioning zone at a ratio of between about 0.005 to about 10.0 lbs. of the first collector per ton of the first product.

Claim 95

The process of claim 73 wherein said treating step (h) comprises filming the surfaces of the second product with the second collector in a second conditioning zone at a ratio of between about 0.005 to about 10.0 lbs. of the second collector per ton of the second product.

Claim 96

The process of claim 73 additionally comprising filming the surface of the first product prior to said treating step (b) with a first modifying agent in a first modifying conditioning zone at a ratio of between about 0.05 to about 10.0 lbs. of the first modifying agent per ton of the first stage product.

Claim 97

The process of claim 92 wherein said first modifying agent is a depressant selected from the group consisting of ligno sulfates, starch, gelatin, saponin, quebracho, sodium metaphospate, dextrin, aluminum hydroxide, iron hydroxide, lime, sodium silicate, and mixtures thereof.

Claim 98

The process of claim 92 wherein said first modifying agent is an activator selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof.

Claim 99

The process of claim 73 additionally comprising filming the surfaces of the second product prior to said treating step (h) with a second modifying agent in a second modifying conditioning zone at a ratio of between about 0.05 to about 10.0 lbs. of the second modifying agent per ton of the second-stage product.

Claim 100

The process of claim 95 wherein said second modifying agent is a depressant selected from the group consisting of ligno sulfates, starch, gelatin, saponin, quebracho, sodium metaphosphate, dextrin, aluminum hydroxide, iron hydroxide, lime, sodium silicate, and mixtures thereof.

Claim 101

The process of claim 95 wherein said second modifying agent is an activator selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof.

Claim 102

The process of claim 73 wherein said first collector is selected from the group consisting of tall oil, lignin, tallow, kerosene, shale oil fractionation products, methyl octaclecyl amino, lauryl amino hydrochloride, sodium oleate, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and mixtures thereof.

Claim 103

The process of claim 73 wherein said second collector is selected from the group consisting of tall oil, lignin, tallow, kerosene, shale oil fractionation products, methyl octadecyl amino, lauryl amino hydrochloride, sodium oleate, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and mixtures thereof.

Claim 104

The process of claim 73 wherein said first frother is selected from the group consisting of methyl amyl alcohol, methylisobutylcarbinol, polypropylene glycol ether, pine oil, cresylic acid, terpinol, pentandiol, and mixtures thereof; and said first frother comprises between 0.01 to about 0.50% by weight of said first water suspension medium.

Claim 105

The process of claim 73 wherein said second frother is selected from the group consisting of methyl amyl alcohol, methylisobutylcarbinol, polypropylene glycol ether, pine oil, cresylic acid, terpinol, pentandiol, and mixtures thereof; and said second frother comprises between 0.01 to about 0.50% by weight of said second water suspension medium.

Claim 106

The process of claim 73 wherein said first and said second water suspension medium have a pH of between about 5 and 10; said aeration steps (e) and (j) are at a rate of between about 5 and 15 cubic feet per minute per square foot of the surface of the water suspension medium being aerated and are aerated from between about 1/2 minute to about 2 hours.

Claim 107

The process of claim 73 wherein said pumpable kerogen paste of step (l) is introduced at a temperature of between about 100 degrees Fahrenheit and 900 degrees Fahrenheit.

Claim 108

The process of claim 77 wherein said hydrogenation catalyst has a density of between about 0.6 to 5 gms/cc and an average size of between about 50 microns to about 450 microns.

Claim 109

The process of claim 79 wherein said hydrogenation catalyst has a density of between about 0.6 to 5 gms/cc and an average size of between about 50 microns to about 450 microns.

Claim 110

The process of claim 77 wherein said hydrogenation catalyst is selected from the group consisting of cobalt, iron, molybdenum, nickel, tungsten, platinum, palladium, their oxides, their sulfides, and mixtures thereof.

Claim 111

The process of claim 79 wherein said hydrogenation catalyst is selected from the group consisting of cobalt, iron, molydenum, nickel, tungsten, platinum, palladium, their oxides, their sulfides, and mixtures thereof.

Claim 112

A process for the production and conversions of shale kerogen to produce shale oil comprising in serial combination the steps of: (a) grinding crushed shale at a temperature of between about 0 degrees centigrade to about 50 degrees centigrade into a first product consisting essentially of generally inert matter and generally liberated kerogen having an average fineness of between about 0.5 microns to about 250 microns; (b) filming the surfaces of the first product at a temperature of between about 0 degrees centigrade to about 50 degrees centigrade and in a first modifying conditioning zone with a first modifying agent at a rate of between about 0.05 to about 10.0 lbs. of the first modifying agent per ton of the first product; (c) treating in a first conditioning zone the surfaces of the first product of step (b) with a first collector selected from the group consisting of tall oil, lignin, tallow, kerosene, shale oil fractionation products, methyl octadecyl amino, lauryl amino hydrochloride, sodium oleate, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and mixtures thereof, at a rate of between about 0.005 to about 10.0 lbs. of the first collector per ton of the first product and at a temperature of between about 0 degrees centigrade to about 50 degrees centigrade in order to render the ground-liberated kerogen air-avid and water-repellent; (d) introducing the ground-treated first product of step (c) into a first water suspension medium having a pH of between about 5 and 10 and between about 0.01 to about 0.50% by weight of a first frother selected from the group consisting of methyl amyl alcohol, methylisobutylcarbinol, polypropylene glycol ether, pine oil, cresylic acid, terpinol, pentandiol, and mixtures thereof, and a temperature of between about 0 degrees centigrade and 50 degrees centigrade; (e) aerating at a rate of between about 5 and 15 cubic feet per minute per square foot of the surface of the first water suspension medium and from between 1/2 minute to about 2 hours, the first water suspension medium having the first frother in order to form a layer of foam on top of the first water suspension medium such that air-avid treated liberated kerogen having an average fineness of between about 5 microns to about 250 microns attaches to the rising bubbles of aeration where it collects in the foam; (f) suspending simultaneously with said aerating step (e) the ground-treated first product in the first water suspension medium by a first means for agitation having a first impeller speed tip means and at an average pulp density of between about 10 to about 45% solids and at a rate of agitation of between about 5 and 2,000 ft./min. with an impeller speed tip means; (g) skimming of the collected liberated kerogen from the surface of the first water suspension medium in order to recover liberated kerogen having an average fineness of between about 5 microns to 250 microns; (h) grinding at a temperature of between about 0 degrees centigrade to about 50 degrees centigrade of the recovered liberated kerogen of step (g) into a second product consisting essentially of generally disassociated inert matter and generally clean kerogen having an average fineness of between about 0.5 microns to about 45 microns; (i) filming the surfaces of the second product at a temperature of between about 0 degrees centigrade to about 50 degrees centigrade and in a second modifying conditioning zone with a second modifying agent at a rate of between about 0.05 to about 10.0 lbs. of the second modifying agent per ton of the second product; (j) treating in a second conditioning zone the surfaces of the second product of step (i) with a second collector selected from the group consisting of tall oil, lignin, tallow, kerosene, shale oil fractionation products, methyl octadecyl amino, lauryl amino hydrochloride, sodium oleate, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and mixtures thereof, at a rate of between about 0.005 to about 10.0 lbs. of the second collector per ton of the second product and at temperature of between about 0 degrees centigrade to about 50 degrees centigrade in order to render the ground-clean kerogen air-avid and water-repellent; (k) introducing the ground-treated second product of step (j) into a second water suspension medium having a pH of between about 5 and 10 and between about 0.01 to about 0.50% by weight of a second frother selected from the group consisting of methyl amyl alcohol, methylisobutylcarbinol, polypropylene glycol ether, pine oil, cresylic acid, terpinol, pentandiol, and mixtures thereof, and a temperature of between about 0 degrees centigrade and 50 degrees centigrade; (l) aerating at a rate of between about 5 and 15 cubic feet per minute per square foot of the surface of the second water suspension medium and from between 1/2 minute to about 2 hours the second water suspension medium in order to form a layer of foam on top of the second water suspension medium such that air-avid treated clean kerogen having an average fineness of between about 0.5 microns to about 45 microns attaches to the rising bubbles of aeration where it collects in the foam; (m) suspending simultaneously with said aerating step (l) the ground-treated second product in the second water suspension medium by a second means for agitation having a second impeller speed tip means and at an average pulp density of between about 10 to about 45% solids and at a rate of agitation of between about 5 and 2,000 ft./min. with said second impeller speed tip means; (n) skimming of the collected clean kerogen having at least 40% by weight of pure kerogen from the surface of the second water suspension medium in order to recover a clean kerogen product having an average fineness of between about 0.5 microns to 45 microns and containing at least 40% by weight of pure kerogen; (o) mixing the recovered clean kerogen product of step (n) with a hydrocarbon liquid means to form a pumpable kerogen paste, and the liquid means in Bbls/ton of clean kerogen product ratio of pumpable kerogen paste feed varies from about 5:1 to about 50:1; (p) introducing at a temperature of between about 100 degrees Fahrenheit and 900 degrees Fahrenheit the pumpable kerogen paste of step (o) into at least one upflow expanded catalytic bed reaction zone at a space velocity of between about 0.05 and about 4.0 tons of pumpable kerogen paste feed/hr./cu. ft. of reaction zone and wherein the reaction zone is maintained at a pressure of between about 50 and about 5,000 psi. and a temperature of between about 300 degrees Fahrenheit and about 1,000 degrees Fahrenheit and has a hydrogenation catalyst with a density of between about 0.6 to 5 gms/cc and an average size of between about 50 microns to about 450 microns; (q) introducing a hydrogen containing gas into the reaction zone of step (p) in such a manner that the hydrogen containing gas flows upwardly at between about 2,000 to about 10,000 scf. per ton of pumpable kerogen paste feed in order to assist converting at least 50% by weight of the kerogen in the pumpable kerogen paste into a hydrocarbon liquid; (r) removing the reaction mixture including the converted hydrocarbon liquid of step (q) from the reaction zone as total overhead effluent; and (s) separating the reactor effluent into two or more component streams.

Claim 113

A process for the production and conversions of shale kerogen to produce shale oil comprising in serial combination the steps of: (a) grinding crushed shale at a temperature of between about 0 degrees centigrade to about 50 degrees centigrade into a first product consisting essentially of generally inert matter and generally liberated kerogen having an average fineness of between about 0.5 microns to about 250 microns; (b) filming the surfaces of the first product at a temperature of between about 0 degrees centigrade to about 50 degrees centigrade and in a first modifying conditioning zone with a first modifying agent at a rate of between about 0.05 to about 10.0 lbs. of the first modifying agent per ton of the first product; (c) treating in a first conditioning zone the surfaces of the first product of step (b) with a first collector selected from the group consisting of tall oil, lignin, tallow, kerosene, shale oil fractionation products, methyl octadecyl amino, lauryl amino hydrochloride, sodium oleate, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and mixtures thereof, at a rate of between about 0.005 to about 10.0 lbs. of the first collector per ton of the first product and at a temperature of between about 0 degrees centigrade to about 50 degrees centigrade in order to render the ground-liberated kerogen air-avid and water-repellent; (d) introducing the ground-treated first product of step (c) into a first water suspension medium having a pH of between about 5 and 10 and between about 0.01 to about 0.50% by weight of a first frother selected from the group consisting of methyl amyl alcohol, methylisobutylcarbinol, polypropylene glycol ether, pine oil, cresylic acid, terpinol, pentandiol, and mixtures thereof, and a temperature of between about 0 degrees centigrade and 50 degrees centigrade; (e) aerating at a rate of between about 5 and 15 cubic feet per minute per square foot of the surface of the first water suspension medium and from between 1/2 minute to about 2 hours, the first water suspension medium having the first frother in order to form a layer of foam on top of the first water suspension medium such that air-avid treated liberated kerogen having an average fineness of between about 5 microns to about 250 microns attaches to the rising bubbles of aeration where it collects in the foam; (f) suspending simultaneously with said aerating step (e) the ground-treated first product in the first water suspension medium by a first means for agitation having a first impeller speed tip means and at an average pulp density of between about 10 to about 45% solids and at a rate of agitation of between about 5 and 2,000 ft./min. with an impeller speed tip means; (g) skimming of the collected liberated kerogen from the surface of the first water suspension medium in order to recover liberated kerogen having an average fineness of between about 5 microns to 250 microns; (h) grinding at a temperature of between about 0 degrees centigrade to about 50 degrees centigrade of the recovered liberated kerogen of step (g) into a second product consisting essentially of generally disassociated inert matter and generally clean kerogen having an average fineness of between about 0.5 microns to about 45 microns; (i) filming the surfaces of the second product at a temperature of between about 0 degrees centigrade to about 50 degrees centigrade and in a second modifying conditioning zone with a second modifying agent at a rate of between about 0.05 to about 10.0 lbs. of the second modifying agent per ton of the second product; (j) treating in a second conditioning zone the surfaces of the second product of step (i) with a second collector selected from the group consisting of tall oil, lignin, tallow, kerosene, shale oil fractionation products, methyl octadecyl amino, lauryl amino hydrochloride, sodium oleate, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and mixtures thereof, at a rate of between about 0.005 to about 10.0 lbs. of the second collector per ton of the second product and at temperature of between about 0 degrees centigrade to about 50 degrees centigrade in order to render the ground-clean kerogen air-avid and water-repellent; (k) introducing the ground-treated second product of step (j) into a second water suspension medium having a pH of between about 5 and 10 and between about 0.01 to about 0.50% by weight of a second frother selected from the group consisting of methyl amyl alcohol, methylisobutylcarbinol, polypropylene glycol ether, pine oil, cresylic acid, terpinol, pentandiol, and mixtures thereof, and a temperature of between about 0 degrees centigrade and 50 degrees centigrade; (l) aerating at a rate of between about 5 and 15 cubic feet per minute per square foot of the surface of the second water suspension medium and from between 1/2 minute to about 2 hours the second water suspension medium in order to form a layer of foam on top of the second water suspension medium such that air-avid treated clean kerogen having an average fineness of between about 0.5 microns to about 45 microns attaches to the rising bubbles of aeration where it collects in the foam; (m) suspending simultaneously with said aerating step (l) the ground-treated second product in the second water suspension medium by a second means for agitation having a second impeller speed tip means and at an average pulp density of between about 10 to about 45% solids and at a rate of agitation of between about 5 and 2,000 ft./min. with said second impeller speed tip means; (n) skimming of the collected clean kerogen having at least 40% by weight of pure kerogen from the surface of the second water suspension medium in order to recover a clean kerogen product having an average fineness of between about 0.5 microns to 45 microns and containing at least 40% by weight of pure kerogen; (o) mixing the recovered clean kerogen product of step (n) with a hydrocarbon liquid means to form a pumpable kerogen paste, and the liquid means in Bbls/ton of clean kerogen product ratio of pumpable kerogen paste feed varies from about 5:1 to about 50:1; (p) introducing at a temperature of between about 100 degrees Fahrenheit and 900 degrees Fahrenheit the pumpable kerogen paste of step (o) into at least one upflow expanded catalytic bed reaction zone at a space velocity of between about 0.05 and about 4.0 tons of pumpable kerogen paste feed/hr./cu. ft. of reaction zone and wherein the reaction zone is maintained at a pressure of between about 50 and about 5,000 psi. and a temperature of between about 300 degrees Fahrenheit and about 1,000 degrees Fahrenheit and has a hydrogenation catalyst with a density of between about 0.6 to 5 gms/cc and an average size of between about 50 microns to about 450 microns; (q) introducing a hydrogen containing gas into the reaction zone of step (p) in such a manner that the hydrogen containing gas flows upwardly at between about 2,000 to about 10,000 scf. per ton of pumpable kerogen paste feed in order to assist converting at least 50% by weight of the kerogen in the pumpable kerogen paste into a hydrocarbon liquid; (r) removing the reaction mixture including the converted hydrocarbon liquid of step (q) from the reaction zone as total overhead effluent; and (s) separating the reactor effluent into two or more component streams.