US4576649A
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US
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Color enhanced permanent pigments from precipitated cationic dyes
Assignee: Covestro LLC
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Filing: 1984-10-31
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Granted: 1986-03-18
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Expires: 2004-10-31
Abstract
Abstract The present disclosure is concerned with the preparation of permanent pigments from selected cationic dyes by precipitation from aqueous solution with complex heteropoly acids in the presence of selected amine color enhancing agents. Typical of the dyes is Color Index Basic Red 12, typical of the complex heteropoly acid is silicomolybdic acid and typical of the amine color enhancing agents are abietyl amine, cetyl pyridinium chloride and benzyl tri-n-alkyl ammonium chlorides. The pigments are disclosed to have superior cleanliness, brightness and transparency compared to the same pigments prepared without the amine color enhancing agent. These pigments are disclosed to have particular utility in printing inks such as components of process red for four color printing.
Inventors
- 👤 Vincent S. Oliver
- 👤 Walter Tames
- 👤 Helmuth H. Prochaska
- 👤 Karl-Heinz Wieser
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-24 01:47
CPC Classifications
C; C09; C09B; C09B69/00; C09B69/02; C09B69/06
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 32
Claim 1
Independent Claim
81 words
A pigment composition comprising a cationic dye selected from the group consisting of Color Index Basic Red 12 Color Index Basic Red 28 Color Index Basic Red 14 Color Index Basic Violet 10 which has been precipitated from aqueous solution by reaction with a complex heteropoly acid in the presence of a color enhancing agent selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium salts and ammonium salts of amines derived from abietic acid or natural or synthetic derivatives of abietic acid.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
81 words
A pigment composition comprising a cationic dye selected from the group consisting of Color Index Basic Red 12 Color Index Basic Red 28 Color Index Basic Red 14 Color Index Basic Violet 10 which has been precipitated from aqueous solution by reaction with a complex heteropoly acid in the presence of a color enhancing agent selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium salts and ammonium salts of amines derived from abietic acid or natural or synthetic derivatives of abietic acid.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
92 words
A process for the preparation of a pigment of increased brilliance and cleanliness from a primary cationic dye selected from the group consisting of Color Index Red 12, Color Index Basic Red 14, Color Index Basic Violet 10 and Color Index Basic Red 28 comprising precipitating the dye from aqueous solution by reaction with at least one complex heteropoly acid in the presence of a color enhancing agent selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium salts and ammonium salts of amines derived from abietic acid or its natural or synthetic derivatives.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
92 words
A process for the preparation of a pigment of increased brilliance and cleanliness from a primary cationic dye selected from the group consisting of Color Index Red 12, Color Index Basic Red 14, Color Index Basic Violet 10 and Color Index Basic Red 28 comprising precipitating the dye from aqueous solution by reaction with at least one complex heteropoly acid in the presence of a color enhancing agent selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium salts and ammonium salts of amines derived from abietic acid or its natural or synthetic derivatives.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
87 words
A clean strong pigment suitable for shading Color Index Pigment Red 57 to produce a process red ink for high quality four color lithography equivalent to that obtainable by shading with Color Index Pigment Red 81 comprising the pigment obtained by precipitating Color Index Basic Red 12 from aqueous solution with a complex heteropoly acid in the presence of a color enhancing agent selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium salts and ammonium salts of amines derived from abietic acid or its natural or synthetic derivative.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
87 words
A clean strong pigment suitable for shading Color Index Pigment Red 57 to produce a process red ink for high quality four color lithography equivalent to that obtainable by shading with Color Index Pigment Red 81 comprising the pigment obtained by precipitating Color Index Basic Red 12 from aqueous solution with a complex heteropoly acid in the presence of a color enhancing agent selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium salts and ammonium salts of amines derived from abietic acid or its natural or synthetic derivative.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
59 words
The pigment of claim 3 wherein the complex heteropoly acid is selected from the group consisting of silicomolybdic acid, phosphomolybdic acid, phosphosilicomolybdic acid, silicotungstic acid, phosphotungstic acid, phosphosilicotungstic acid, silicomolybdic tungstic acid, phosphomolybdic tungstic acid, phosphosilicomolybdic tungstic acid, phosphovanado molybdic acid, phosphovanado tungstic acid, silicovanado molybdic acid, silicovanado tungstic acid, phosphovanado molybdic tungstic acid, and silicovanado molybdo tungstic acid.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
24 words
The pigment of claim 4 wherein the complex heteropoly acid is selected from the group consisting of silicomolybdic acid, phosphomolybdic acid and phosphosilicomolybdic acid.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
33 words
The pigment of claim 3 or 5 wherein the color enhancing agent is selected from the group consisting of pyridinium salts, alkyl aryl quaternary ammonium salts and the ammonium salts of dehydroabietyl amine.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
39 words
The pigment of claim 6 wherein the color enhancing agent is selected from the group consisting of N-long alkyl chain substituted pyridinium salts, N-long alkyl chain substituted alkyl aryl quaternary ammonium salts and the ammonium salts of dehydroabietyl amine.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
40 words
The pigment of claim 7 wherein the color enhancing agent is selected from the group consisting of cetyl pyridinium chloride, C 12 to C 18 alkyl dimethyl benzyl or ethyl benzyl ammonium chloride and the ammonium acetate of dehydroabietyl amine.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
18 words
The pigment of claim 8 wherein the color enhancing agent is the ammonium acetate salt of dehydroabietyl amine.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
39 words
The pigment of claim 9 wherein between 2.5 and 15 parts of the acetate salt is present per 10 parts of Color Index Basic Red 12 at the time it is precipitated and the precipitating agent is silicomolybdic acid.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
61 words
A process red printing ink suitable for high quality four color lithography comprising (1) between about 5 and 25 wt. % of a pigment base comprising Color Index Pigment Red 57 and the pigment of Claim 10 in a weight ratio of between about 8.5:1.5 and 1:1, and (2) between about 95 and 75 wt. % of a printing ink vehicle.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
209 words
A process for the preparation of a process red ink for high quality four color lithography comprising (A) the preparing of a replacement for Color Index Pigment Red 81 by (1) preparing an acidic aqueous solution of Color Index Basic Red 12 and a color enhancing agent selected from the group consisting of cetyl pyridinium chloride, C 12 to C 18 dimethyl benzyl or ethyl benzyl ammonium chloride and the ammonium acetate salt of dehydroabietyl amine, (2) preparing a complex heteropoly acid by dissolving an alkali metal molybdic salt and a silicate in a strongly acidic aqueous medium, (3) adding the complex heteropoly acid solution to the primary cationic dye solution, and (4) recovering the pigment by filtration, washing it, and drying it, (B) Preparing an ink from this pigment by (1) wetting the pigment with an ink vehicle, (2) grinding the wetted pigment to an appropriate particle size for an ink, and (3) diluting this pigment base to a concentration between about 5 and 25 pigment wt. % in an appropriate ink vehicle, and (C) preparing a press ready process red ink by combining this ink with an ink based on Color Index Pigment Red 57 in a weight ratio of pigments of between about 1.5:8.5 and 1:1.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
209 words
A process for the preparation of a process red ink for high quality four color lithography comprising (A) the preparing of a replacement for Color Index Pigment Red 81 by (1) preparing an acidic aqueous solution of Color Index Basic Red 12 and a color enhancing agent selected from the group consisting of cetyl pyridinium chloride, C 12 to C 18 dimethyl benzyl or ethyl benzyl ammonium chloride and the ammonium acetate salt of dehydroabietyl amine, (2) preparing a complex heteropoly acid by dissolving an alkali metal molybdic salt and a silicate in a strongly acidic aqueous medium, (3) adding the complex heteropoly acid solution to the primary cationic dye solution, and (4) recovering the pigment by filtration, washing it, and drying it, (B) Preparing an ink from this pigment by (1) wetting the pigment with an ink vehicle, (2) grinding the wetted pigment to an appropriate particle size for an ink, and (3) diluting this pigment base to a concentration between about 5 and 25 pigment wt. % in an appropriate ink vehicle, and (C) preparing a press ready process red ink by combining this ink with an ink based on Color Index Pigment Red 57 in a weight ratio of pigments of between about 1.5:8.5 and 1:1.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
174 words
A process for the preparation of a pigment of improved brightness and cleanliness from a primary cationic dye selected from the group consisting of Color Index Basic Red 12, Color Index Basic Red 14, Color Index Basic Red 28 and Color Index Basic Violet 10 comprising: (1) preparing an acidic aqueous solution of the primary cationic dye, (2) preparing a strongly acidic aqueous solution of at least one complex heteropoly acid selected from the group consisting of silicomolybdic acid, phosphomolybdic acid, phosphosilico molybdic acid, silicotungstic acid, phosphotungstic acid, phosphosilico-tungstic acid, silicomolybdic tungstic acid, phosphomolybdic tungstic acid, phosphosilico molybdic tungstic acid, phosphovanado molybdic acid, phosphovanado tungstic acid, silico vanado molybdic acid, silico vanado tungstic acid, phosphovanado molybdo tungstic acid, silico vanado molybdo tungstic acid and combinations thereof, (3) combining the cationic dye solution and the complex heteropoly acid solution in the presence of a color enhancing agent selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium salts and ammonium salts of amines derived from abietic acid, and (4) recovering the pigment by filtration and washing it.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
174 words
A process for the preparation of a pigment of improved brightness and cleanliness from a primary cationic dye selected from the group consisting of Color Index Basic Red 12, Color Index Basic Red 14, Color Index Basic Red 28 and Color Index Basic Violet 10 comprising: (1) preparing an acidic aqueous solution of the primary cationic dye, (2) preparing a strongly acidic aqueous solution of at least one complex heteropoly acid selected from the group consisting of silicomolybdic acid, phosphomolybdic acid, phosphosilico molybdic acid, silicotungstic acid, phosphotungstic acid, phosphosilico-tungstic acid, silicomolybdic tungstic acid, phosphomolybdic tungstic acid, phosphosilico molybdic tungstic acid, phosphovanado molybdic acid, phosphovanado tungstic acid, silico vanado molybdic acid, silico vanado tungstic acid, phosphovanado molybdo tungstic acid, silico vanado molybdo tungstic acid and combinations thereof, (3) combining the cationic dye solution and the complex heteropoly acid solution in the presence of a color enhancing agent selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium salts and ammonium salts of amines derived from abietic acid, and (4) recovering the pigment by filtration and washing it.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
17 words
The process of claim 13 wherein the complex heteropoly acid is added to the cationic dye solution.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
30 words
The process of claim 13 or claim 14 wherein the color enhancing agent is added to the cationic dye solution before it is combined with the complex heteropoly acid solution.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
62 words
The process of claim 13 or claim 14 wherein (1) the two solutions are combined at a temperature of about 40°0 C. or greater, (2) the pH of the complex heteropoly acid solution is between about 2 and 3, and (3) the color enhancing agent is added to the cationic dye solution before it is combined with the complex heteropoly acid solution.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
52 words
The process of claim 16 wherein (1) the primary cationic dye is Color Index Basic Red 12, and (2) the color enhancing agent is selected from the group consisting of N-long alkyl chain substituted pyridinium salts, N-long alkyl chain substituted alkyl aryl quaternary ammonium salts and the ammonium salts of dehydroabietyl amine.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
40 words
The process of claim 17 wherein the color enhancing agent is selected from the group consisting of cetyl pyridinium chloride, C 12 to C 18 alkyl dimethyl benzyl or ethyl benzyl ammonium chloride and the ammonium acetate of dehydroabietyl amine.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
12 words
The process of claim 18 wherein the precipitating agent is silicomolybdic acid.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
50 words
The process of claim 2 wherein a minor amount, based on the amount of primary cationic dye, of a secondary cationic dye which alone is not favorably effected by the presence of the color enhancing agent when precipitated by a complex heteropoly acid is dissolved in the aqueous dye solution.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
93 words
A process for the preparation of a shaded pigment of increased brilliance and cleanliness from Color Index Basic Red 12 comprising precipitating this dye and a minor amount, based on this dye, of a dye selected from the group consisting of Color Index Basic Yellow 29 and Color Index Basic Yellow 28 from aqueous solution with at least one complex heteropoly acid in the presence of color enhancing agent selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium salts and ammonium salts of amines derived from abietic acid, or its natural or synthetic derivatives.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
93 words
A process for the preparation of a shaded pigment of increased brilliance and cleanliness from Color Index Basic Red 12 comprising precipitating this dye and a minor amount, based on this dye, of a dye selected from the group consisting of Color Index Basic Yellow 29 and Color Index Basic Yellow 28 from aqueous solution with at least one complex heteropoly acid in the presence of color enhancing agent selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium salts and ammonium salts of amines derived from abietic acid, or its natural or synthetic derivatives.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
137 words
A pigment composition comprising a major amount of a precipitated primary cationic dye selected from the group consisting of Color Index Basic Red 12, Color Index Basic Red 28, Color Index Basic Red 14 and Color Index Basic Violet 10 and a minor amount of a precipitated secondary cationic dye which alone is not favorably effected by the presence of the color enhancing agent when precipitated by a complex heteropoly acid and which forms a laked pigment which can form a solid solution with the laked pigment of the primary cationic dye wherein the dyes are coprecipitated from aqueous solution by a complex heteropoly acid in the presence of a color enhancing agent selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium salts and ammonium salts of amines derived from abietic acid, or its natural or synthetic derivatives.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
137 words
A pigment composition comprising a major amount of a precipitated primary cationic dye selected from the group consisting of Color Index Basic Red 12, Color Index Basic Red 28, Color Index Basic Red 14 and Color Index Basic Violet 10 and a minor amount of a precipitated secondary cationic dye which alone is not favorably effected by the presence of the color enhancing agent when precipitated by a complex heteropoly acid and which forms a laked pigment which can form a solid solution with the laked pigment of the primary cationic dye wherein the dyes are coprecipitated from aqueous solution by a complex heteropoly acid in the presence of a color enhancing agent selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium salts and ammonium salts of amines derived from abietic acid, or its natural or synthetic derivatives.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
86 words
A pigment composition comprising a major amount of precipitated Color Index Basic Red 12 and a minor amount of precipitated secondary cationic dye selected from the group consisting of Color Index Basic Yellow 29 and Color Index Basic Yellow 28 wherein the dyes are coprecipitated from aqueous solution by a complex heteropoly acid in the presence of a color enhancing agent selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium salts and the ammonium salts of amines derived from abietic acid, or its natural or synthetic derivatives.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
86 words
A pigment composition comprising a major amount of precipitated Color Index Basic Red 12 and a minor amount of precipitated secondary cationic dye selected from the group consisting of Color Index Basic Yellow 29 and Color Index Basic Yellow 28 wherein the dyes are coprecipitated from aqueous solution by a complex heteropoly acid in the presence of a color enhancing agent selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium salts and the ammonium salts of amines derived from abietic acid, or its natural or synthetic derivatives.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
27 words
The composition of claim 23 wherein (1) the complex heteropoly acid is silicomolybdic acid, and (2) the color enhancing agent is an ammonium salt of dehydroabietyl amine.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1989-03-17 | 1989-09-16 | 1990-03-18 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1993-03-17 | 1993-09-16 | 1994-03-18 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1997-03-17 | 1997-09-16 | 1998-03-18 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |