US4573447A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Chemical heater
Assignee: Sunbelt America Corp
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Filing: 1985-02-19
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Granted: 1986-03-04
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Expires: 2005-02-19
Abstract
Abstract A chemical heater combines cellulosic material and a hypochlorite salt in the presence of water for exothermic reaction. Although sodium hypochlorite may be used, calcium hypochlorite is the preferred hypochlorite salt as a reactant. The preferred cellulosic material is particles of cotton plants, in particular lint fibers recovered from gin trash, or non-lint, lignocellulose particles. The lignocellulose particles are preferably soaked with water prior to addition of the hypochlorite salt. Each subsequent addition of similar amounts of the hypochlorite salt to the soaked lignocellulose particles results in a substantially equivalent exothermic reaction, until cellulose in the lignocellulose is exhausted.
Inventors
- 👤 Tommy K. Thrash
- 👤 Richard W. Tock
- 👤 Lyle V. Cox
- 👤 W. Gregg Quattlebaum
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-24 12:07
CPC Classifications
A; A61; A61F; A61F7/00; A61F7/02; A61F7/03; C; C09; C09K; C09K5/00; C09K5/16; F; F24; F24V; F24V30/00; A61F2007/0268; A61F2007/0276
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 14
Claim 1
Independent Claim
64 words
A heat pack comprising: a. a flexible, substantially rupture and puncture resistant, fluid-tight envelope, b. at least one rupturable fluid-tight container within the envelope, c. cellulosic material within the envelope and without the container, d. water within the container, and e. a hypochlorite salt within the envelope, with f. the hypochlorite salt being selected from the group consisting of sodium hypochlorite and calcium hypochlorite.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
64 words
A heat pack comprising: a. a flexible, substantially rupture and puncture resistant, fluid-tight envelope, b. at least one rupturable fluid-tight container within the envelope, c. cellulosic material within the envelope and without the container, d. water within the container, and e. a hypochlorite salt within the envelope, with f. the hypochlorite salt being selected from the group consisting of sodium hypochlorite and calcium hypochlorite.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
41 words
The invention as defined in claim 1 including the limitations a. through f. with the addition of the following limitations: g. said hypochlorite salt being within the container, h. said cellulosic material being in the form of particles of cotton plants.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
44 words
The invention as defined in claim 1 including the limitations a. through f. with the addition of the following limitations: g. said hypochlorite salt being outside the container, h. the hypochlorite salt and the cellulosic material being substantially dry while said container is fluid-tight.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
33 words
The invention as defined in claim 3 including the limitations a. through h. with the addition of the following limitation: i. said cellulosic material being in the form of particles of cotton plants.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
34 words
The invention as defined in claim 3 including the limitations a. through h. with the addition of the following limitation: i. said cellulosic material including lignocellulose in the form of particles of cotton plants.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
67 words
A heat pack comprising: a. a flexible, substantially rupture and puncture resistant, fluid-tight envelope, b. at least two rupturable, fluid-tight containers within the envelope, c. cellulosic material within the envelope and without the containers, d. water within one of the containers, and e. a hypochlorite salt within the other container, with f. the hypochlorite salt being selected from the group consisting of sodium hypochlorite and calcium hypochlorite.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
67 words
A heat pack comprising: a. a flexible, substantially rupture and puncture resistant, fluid-tight envelope, b. at least two rupturable, fluid-tight containers within the envelope, c. cellulosic material within the envelope and without the containers, d. water within one of the containers, and e. a hypochlorite salt within the other container, with f. the hypochlorite salt being selected from the group consisting of sodium hypochlorite and calcium hypochlorite.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
33 words
The invention as defined in claim 6 including the limitations a. through f. with the addition of the following limitation: g. said cellulosic material being in the form of particles of cotton plants.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
34 words
The invention as defined in claim 6 including the limitations a. through f. with the addition of the following limitation: g. said cellulosic material including lignocellulose in the form of particles of cotton plants.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
116 words
A process for generating heat comprising the steps of: a. rupturing a container, containing water, within a rupture- and puncture-resistant, fluid-tight, flexible envelope, b. soaking cellulosic material, including particles of lignocellulose, within the envelope with the water, and c. swelling the lignocellulose particles with the water, then d. rupturing another container within the envelope, containing a hypochlorite salt, selected from the group consisting of calcium hypochlorite and sodium hypochlorite, e. dispersing the hypochlorite salt throughout water within the envelope, f. forming a hypochlorite salt aqueous solution in contact with cellulose within the swelled lignocellulose particles, g. oxidizing the cellulose within the swelled lignocellulose particles, h. transferring heat produced during said oxidizing step to outside the envelope.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
116 words
A process for generating heat comprising the steps of: a. rupturing a container, containing water, within a rupture- and puncture-resistant, fluid-tight, flexible envelope, b. soaking cellulosic material, including particles of lignocellulose, within the envelope with the water, and c. swelling the lignocellulose particles with the water, then d. rupturing another container within the envelope, containing a hypochlorite salt, selected from the group consisting of calcium hypochlorite and sodium hypochlorite, e. dispersing the hypochlorite salt throughout water within the envelope, f. forming a hypochlorite salt aqueous solution in contact with cellulose within the swelled lignocellulose particles, g. oxidizing the cellulose within the swelled lignocellulose particles, h. transferring heat produced during said oxidizing step to outside the envelope.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
54 words
The invention as defined in claim 9 including the limitations a. through h. with the addition of the following limitation: i. periodically repeating the "rupturing" step "d." through the "forming" step "f." for other hypochlorite salt solution containing containers within the envelope to reactivate said "oxidizing" and "transfering" steps "g." and "h." as desired.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
34 words
The invention as defined in claim 9 including the limitations a. through h. with the addition of the following limitation: i. said lignocellulose particles being in the form of small particles of cotton plants.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1989-03-03 | 1989-09-02 | 1990-03-04 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1993-03-03 | 1993-09-02 | 1994-03-04 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1997-03-03 | 1997-09-02 | 1998-03-04 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |