US4565649A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Graphite intercalation compounds
Assignee: ACHESON INTERCALTECH Inc
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Filing: 1984-07-30
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Granted: 1986-01-21
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Expires: 2004-07-30
Abstract
Abstract An electrically conductive composition is disclosed which comprises a graphite intercalation compound of graphite, a Bronsted acid such as hydrogen fluoride, chloride, or bromide, nitric, nitrous, sulfuric or perchloric acid, and a metal halide selected from boron trihalide, a pentahalide of a metal from Group V of the Periodic Table, a tetrahalide of a metal from Group IV of the Periodic Table and mixtures thereof.
Inventors
- 👤 F. Lincoln Vogel
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-28 20:31
CPC Classifications
D; D01; D01F; D01F11/00; D01F11/10; D01F11/12; D01F11/121; H; H01; H01B; H01B1/00; H01B1/04
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 21
Claim 1
Independent Claim
146 words
A process for preparing a conductor for transmission of electricity, which comprises reacting graphite with a Bronsted acid selected from hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide, nitric acid, nitrous acid, sulfuric acid or perchloric acid and an electron acceptor metal halide selected from a boron trihalide, a pentahalide of a Group V A or B metal, a tetrahalide of a Group IV A or B metal, or mixtures thereof wherein the molar ratio of the Bronsted acid to metal halide ranges from about 0.01:1 to about 100:1, the reaction is conducted under a substantially moisture free, inert atmosphere, at a temperature of at least about 10° C. and the Bronsted acid and metal halide or boron trihalide are in a liquid or gas phase, said reaction producing a graphite intercalation compound; and shaping said graphite intercalation compound into a form adapted for the conduction of electricity.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
146 words
A process for preparing a conductor for transmission of electricity, which comprises reacting graphite with a Bronsted acid selected from hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide, nitric acid, nitrous acid, sulfuric acid or perchloric acid and an electron acceptor metal halide selected from a boron trihalide, a pentahalide of a Group V A or B metal, a tetrahalide of a Group IV A or B metal, or mixtures thereof wherein the molar ratio of the Bronsted acid to metal halide ranges from about 0.01:1 to about 100:1, the reaction is conducted under a substantially moisture free, inert atmosphere, at a temperature of at least about 10° C. and the Bronsted acid and metal halide or boron trihalide are in a liquid or gas phase, said reaction producing a graphite intercalation compound; and shaping said graphite intercalation compound into a form adapted for the conduction of electricity.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
44 words
A process according to claim 1 wherein the conductor is a metal plated filamentary electrical conductor, the graphite intercalation compound is in a filament form, and shaping is accomplished by plating the filament with a metal by means of an electrolytic metal plating process.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
40 words
A process according to claim 1 wherein the conductor is a stranded electrical conductor; the graphite intercalation compound is in a filament form; and shaping in accomplished by twisting the filaments together with metal wires to form the stranded conductor.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
89 words
A process according to claim 1 wherein the conductor is a composite electrical conductor; the graphite intercalation compound is in particulate form; and shaping is accomplished by mixing the particulate compound with metal particles to form a mixture, compressing the mixture under sufficient pressure to cause the compound and metal particles to become substantially continuous phases and to have the form of a unitary structure, and annealing the unitary structure in a hydrogen atmosphere at a temperature of about 250° C. to 1000° C. to produce the composite conductor.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
73 words
A process according to claim 1 wherein the conductor is a metal coated electrical conductor; the graphite intercalation compound is in particulate form; and shaping is accomplished by filling a metal tube with the particulate compound, sealing the ends of the tube, and swaging the filled tube to a smaller diameter to produce the metal coated electrical conductor in the form of a wire having a substantially continuous phase of graphite intercalation compound.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
121 words
A process for preparing a conductor for transmission of electricity which comprises reacting graphite with hydrogen fluoride and an electron acceptor metal halide selected from a boron trihalide, a pentahalide of a group V A or B metal, a tetrahalide of a Group IV A or B metal, or mixtures thereof, wherein the molar ratio of the hydrogen fluoride to metal halide ranges from about 0.01:1 to about 100:1, the reaction is conducted under a substantially moisture free, inert atmosphere, at a temperature of at least about 10° C. and the metal halide is in liquid or gas phase, said reactor producing a graphite intercalation compound; and shaping said graphite intercalation compound into a form adapted for the conduction of electricity.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
121 words
A process for preparing a conductor for transmission of electricity which comprises reacting graphite with hydrogen fluoride and an electron acceptor metal halide selected from a boron trihalide, a pentahalide of a group V A or B metal, a tetrahalide of a Group IV A or B metal, or mixtures thereof, wherein the molar ratio of the hydrogen fluoride to metal halide ranges from about 0.01:1 to about 100:1, the reaction is conducted under a substantially moisture free, inert atmosphere, at a temperature of at least about 10° C. and the metal halide is in liquid or gas phase, said reactor producing a graphite intercalation compound; and shaping said graphite intercalation compound into a form adapted for the conduction of electricity.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
50 words
The process in accordance with claim 6, wherein the metal halide is selected from the group consisting of BF 3 , SiF 4 , HfF 4 , TiF 4 , ZrF 4 , PF 5 , NbF 5 , TaF 5 , AsF 5 , SbF 5 and mixtures thereof.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
14 words
The process in accordance with claim 6, wherein said molar ratio is about 100:1.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
44 words
A process according to claim 6 wherein the conductor is a metal plated filamentary electrical conductor, the graphite intercalation compound is in a filament form, and shaping is accomplished by plating the filament with a metal by means of an electrolytic metal plating process.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
40 words
A process according to claim 6 wherein the conductor is a stranded electrical conductor; the graphite intercalation compound is in a filament form; and shaping is accomplished by twisting the filaments together with metal wires to form the stranded conductor.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
89 words
A process according to claim 6 wherein the conductor is a composite electrical conductor; the graphite intercalation compound is in particulate form; and shaping is accomplished by mixing the particulate compound with metal particles to form a mixture, compressing the mixture under sufficient pressure to cause the compound and metal particles to become substantially continuous phases and to have the form of a unitary structure, and annealing the unitary structure in a hydrogen atmosphere at a temperature of about 250° C. to 1000° C. to produce the composite conductor.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
73 words
A process according to claim 6 wherein the conductor is a metal coated electrical conductor; the graphite intercalation compound is in particulate form; and shaping is accomplished by filling a metal tube with the particulate compound, sealing the ends of the tube, and swaging the filled tube to a smaller diameter to produce the metal coated electrical conductor in the form of a wire having a substantially continuous phase of graphite intercalation compound.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
125 words
A process for preparing a conductor for transmission of electricity which comprises reacting graphite with an acid halide system comprised of a Bronsted acid selected from hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide, nitric acid, nitrous acid, sulfuric acid or perchloric acid; and an electron acceptor metal halide selected from boron trihalide, a pentahalide of a Group V A or B metal, a tetrahalide of a Group IV A or metal, or mixtures thereof wherein the molar ratio of the Bronsted acid to metal halide ranges from about 0.01:1 to about 100:1, the reaction is conducted under a substantially moisture free, inert atmosphere, at a temperature of at least about 10° C. and the Bronsted acid and metal halide are in a liquid or gas phase.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
125 words
A process for preparing a conductor for transmission of electricity which comprises reacting graphite with an acid halide system comprised of a Bronsted acid selected from hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide, nitric acid, nitrous acid, sulfuric acid or perchloric acid; and an electron acceptor metal halide selected from boron trihalide, a pentahalide of a Group V A or B metal, a tetrahalide of a Group IV A or metal, or mixtures thereof wherein the molar ratio of the Bronsted acid to metal halide ranges from about 0.01:1 to about 100:1, the reaction is conducted under a substantially moisture free, inert atmosphere, at a temperature of at least about 10° C. and the Bronsted acid and metal halide are in a liquid or gas phase.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
14 words
The process in accordance with claim 13 wherein said Bronsted acid is hydrogen fluoride.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
114 words
A process for conducting electricity comprising: providing an electrically conductive material, said material comprising: (a) graphite; (b) an acid halide system, said system being comprised of: (i) a Bronsted acid selected from hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide, nitric acid, nitrous acid, sulfuric acid or perchloric acid; and (ii) an electron acceptor metal halide selected from boron trihalide, a tetrahalide of a Group IV A or B metal, a pentahalide of a Group V A or B metal, or a mixture thereof; the molar ratio of the Bronsted acid to the metal halide being from about 0.01:1 to about 100:1; and connecting said material between an electrical source and a point of electrical use.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
114 words
A process for conducting electricity comprising: providing an electrically conductive material, said material comprising: (a) graphite; (b) an acid halide system, said system being comprised of: (i) a Bronsted acid selected from hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide, nitric acid, nitrous acid, sulfuric acid or perchloric acid; and (ii) an electron acceptor metal halide selected from boron trihalide, a tetrahalide of a Group IV A or B metal, a pentahalide of a Group V A or B metal, or a mixture thereof; the molar ratio of the Bronsted acid to the metal halide being from about 0.01:1 to about 100:1; and connecting said material between an electrical source and a point of electrical use.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
14 words
The process in accordance with claim 15, wherein said Bronsted acid is hydrogen fluoride.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
50 words
The process in accordance with claim 15, wherein the metal halide is selected from the group consisting of BF 3 , SiF 4 , HfF 4 , TiF 4 , ZrF 4 , PF 5 , NbF 5 , TaF 5 , AsF 5 , SbF 5 and mixtures thereof.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US3984352A
Cited
US4293450A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1989-01-20 | 1989-07-22 | 1990-01-21 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1993-01-20 | 1993-07-22 | 1994-01-21 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1997-01-20 | 1997-07-22 | 1998-01-21 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |