US4537848A
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Positively charged toner compositions containing phosphonium charge enhancing additives
Assignee: Xerox Corp
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Filing: 1984-06-18
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Granted: 1985-08-27
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Expires: 2004-06-18
Abstract
Abstract Disclosed are improved positively charged toner composition comprised of resin particles, pigment particles, and as a charge enhancing additive a phosphonium compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 , are selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, substituted alkyl, and substituted aryl, and A is an anion.
Inventors
- 👤 Raymond A. Yourd, III
- 👤 Debesh Majumdar
- 👤 Robert J. Gruber
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-26 20:12
CPC Classifications
G; G03; G03G; G03G9/00; G03G9/08; G03G9/097; G03G9/09733; G03G9/09741
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 38
Claim 1
Independent Claim
75 words
An improved positively charged toner composition comprised of resin particles, pigment particles, and as a charge enhancing additive in an amount of from about 0.1 percent by weight to about 20 percent by weight a phosphonium compound of the formula: ##STR4## wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 , are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, substituted alkyl, and substituted aryl, and A is an anion.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
75 words
An improved positively charged toner composition comprised of resin particles, pigment particles, and as a charge enhancing additive in an amount of from about 0.1 percent by weight to about 20 percent by weight a phosphonium compound of the formula: ##STR4## wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 , are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, substituted alkyl, and substituted aryl, and A is an anion.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
34 words
A composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 , are alkyl substituents of from 1 carbon atom to about 20 carbon atoms.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
15 words
A composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the alkyl substituents are methyl, or ethyl.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
20 words
A composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the aryl substituents contain from about 6 to about 24 carbon atoms.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
13 words
A composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the aryl substituents are phenyl.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
15 words
A composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the aryl substituents are benzyl, or tolyl.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
25 words
A composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 , are phenyl, and R 4 is alkyl.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
24 words
A composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the toner resin particles are selected from the group consisting of styrene based polymers, and polyesters.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
30 words
A composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the resin particles are selected from the group consisting of a styrene butadiene copolymer, a polyester, and a styrene n-butyl methacrylate copolymer.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
48 words
An improved positively charged toner composition comprised of resin particles, pigment particles, and as a charge enhancing additive in an amount of from about 0.1 percent by weight to about 20 percent by weight a phosphonium compound selected from the group consisting of triphenylbutylphosphonium bromide and triphenylbutylphosphonium tetrafluoroborate.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
48 words
An improved positively charged toner composition comprised of resin particles, pigment particles, and as a charge enhancing additive in an amount of from about 0.1 percent by weight to about 20 percent by weight a phosphonium compound selected from the group consisting of triphenylbutylphosphonium bromide and triphenylbutylphosphonium tetrafluoroborate.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
31 words
A composition in accordance with claim 10 wherein the phosphonium charge enhancing additive is present in an amount of from about 0.1 percent by weight to about 20 percent by weight.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
31 words
A composition in accordance with claim 10 wherein the phosphonium charge enhancing additive is present in an amount of from about 1 percent by weight to about 5 percent by weight.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
18 words
A composition in accordance with claim 10 wherein the toner resin particles are polyesters, or styrene based polymers.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
20 words
A composition in accordance with claim 13 wherein the styrene based polymers are styrene methacrylate, styrene acrylate, or styrene butadiene.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
16 words
A composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the pigment particles are comprised of carbon black.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
72 words
A composition in accordance with claim 10 wherein the resin particles are present in an amount of from 70 percent by weight to about 90 percent by weight, the pigment particles are present in an amount of from about 5 percent by weight to about 20 percent by weight, and the phosphonium charge enhancing additive is present in an amount of from 0.1 percent by weight to about 10 percent by weight.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
16 words
A developer composition comprised of the positively charged toner composition of claim 1, and carrier particles.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
21 words
A developer composition in accordance with claim 17 wherein the carrier particles are comprised of steel, coated with a polymeric resin.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
31 words
A developer composition in accordance with claim 17 wherein the resin particles are selected from a group consisting of styrene methacrylate resins, styrene acrylate resins, styrene butadiene resins and polyester resins.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
17 words
A developer composition in accordance with claim 17 wherein the pigment particles are carbon black, or magnetite.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
46 words
A method of imaging which comprises forming a negative electrostatic latent image on a photoresponsive imaging member, contacting the resulting image with the toner composition of claim 1, followed by subsequently transferring the developed image to a suitable substrate, and optionally permanently affixing the image thereto.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
26 words
A method of imaging in accordance with claim 21 wherein fixing is accomplished with a fuser roll containing lead oxide and a vinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene copolymer.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
26 words
A method of imaging in accordance with claim 21 wherein the photoresponsive member is comprised of a substrate, a photogenerating layer, and a charge transport layer.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
39 words
A method of imaging in accordance with claim 23 wherein the photogenerating layer is trigonal selenium or vanadyl phthalocyanine, dispersed in a resinous binder, and the charge transport layer is comprised of N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine dispersed in a polycarbonate resinous binder.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
28 words
A method of imaging in accordance with claim 21 wherein the resin particles are comprised of a styrene n-butyl methacrylate copolymer, a polyester, or a styrene butadiene copolymer.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
29 words
A method of imaging in accordance with claim 21 wherein the charge enhancing additive is a phosphonium compound selected from the group consisting of triphenylbutylphosphonium bromide, and triphenylbutylphosphonium tetrafluoroborate.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
21 words
An improved toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the pigment particles are selected from magenta, cyan, and yellow pigments.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
24 words
An improved toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the pigment particles are selected from magnetites, thereby resulting in a magnetic toner composition.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
23 words
An improved toner composition in accordance with claim 1, wherein the anion is selected from the group consisting of halogens, alkylsulfates, and tetrafluoroborates.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
23 words
An improved toner composition in accordance with claim 17, wherein the anion is selected from the group consisting of halogens, alkylsulfates, and tetrafluoroborates.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
29 words
An improved developer composition in accordance with claim 17, wherein the charge enhancing additive is a phosphonium compound selected from the group consisting of triphenylbutylphosphonium bromide, and triphenylbutylphosphonium tetrafluoroborate.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
109 words
An improved positively charged toner composition consisting essentially of resin particles present in an amount of from about 70 percent by weight to about 90 percent by weight, pigment particles present in an amount of from about 5 percent by weight to about 20 percent by weight, and as a charge enhancing additive present in an amount of from about 0.1 percent by weight to about 20 percent by weight a phosphonium compound of the formula: ##STR5## wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, substituted alkyl and substituted aryl, and A is an anion.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
109 words
An improved positively charged toner composition consisting essentially of resin particles present in an amount of from about 70 percent by weight to about 90 percent by weight, pigment particles present in an amount of from about 5 percent by weight to about 20 percent by weight, and as a charge enhancing additive present in an amount of from about 0.1 percent by weight to about 20 percent by weight a phosphonium compound of the formula: ##STR5## wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, substituted alkyl and substituted aryl, and A is an anion.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
23 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 32 wherein the anion is selected from the group consisting of halogens, alkyl sulfates, and tetrafluoroborates.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
28 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 32 wherein the charge enhancing additive is a phosphonium compound selected from the group consisting of triphenylbutylphosphonium bromide, and triphenylbutylphosphonium tetrafluoroborate.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
28 words
A developer composition in accordance with claim 17 wherein the charge enhancing additive is a phosphonium compound selected from the group consisting of triphenylbutylphosphonium bromide, and triphenylbutylphosphonium tetrafluoroborate.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1988-08-26 | 1989-02-25 | 1989-08-27 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1992-08-26 | 1993-02-25 | 1993-08-27 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1996-08-26 | 1997-02-25 | 1997-08-27 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |