US4532431A — Method and apparatus for producing electrical ene…

Claim 1

Independent Claim 212 words

A device for producing electrical energy from a cyclic combustion process, comprising two oppositely disposed aligned spark ignited internal combustion engine cylinders axially spaced from each other, a piston in each of the cylinders, means rigidly connecting the pistons so that they reciprocate in unison in their respective cylinders, means for alternately firing the two cylinders so as to reciprocate the piston system composed of the two pistons and the connecting means, a reciprocatory electrical generator-motor means driven by said reciprocatory piston system, said generator-motor means comprising a coil rigidly attached to and reciprocating with the said piston system and means creating a constant strength magnetic field within which the coil reciprocates, means to begin the combustion process in each combustion chamber at a low compression ratio sufficient for the initial ignition of the fuel-air mixture in transmitting an electric spark, to proceed at a diminishing volume under the influence of the opposite combustion chamber forces, and to terminate the combustion process at an expanding volume during the reverse piston stroke, whereby there is induced an electromotive voltage in the coil, a source of electrical current, and means which is switched on in the initial reciprocation of the piston system to energize the coil so that it drivingly reciprocates the piston system.

Claim 2

Independent Claim 212 words

A device for producing electrical energy from a cyclic combustion process, comprising two oppositely disposed aligned spark ignited internal combustion engine cylinders axially spaced from each other, a piston in each of the cylinders, means rigidly connecting the pistons so that they reciprocate in unison in their respective cylinders, means for alternately firing the two cylinders so as to reciprocate the piston system composed of the two pistons and the connecting means, a reciprocatory electrical generator-motor means driven by said reciprocatory piston system, said generator-motor means comprising a coil rigidly attached to and reciprocating with the said piston system and means creating a constant strength magnetic field within which the coil reciprocates, means to begin the combustion process in each combustion chamber at a low compression ratio sufficient for the initial ignition of the fuel-air mixture in transmitting an electric spark, to proceed at a diminishing volume under the influence of the opposite combustion chamber forces, and to terminate the combustion process at an expanding volume during the reverse piston stroke, whereby there is induced an electromotive voltage in the coil, a source of electrical current, and means which is switched on in the initial reciprocation of the piston system to energize the coil so that it drivingly reciprocates the piston system.

Claim 3

Independent Claim 236 words

A device for producing electrical energy from a cyclic combustion process, comprising two oppositely disposed aligned spark ignited internal combustion engine cylinders axially spaced from each other, a piston in each of the cylinders, means rigidly connecting the pistons so that they reciprocate in unison in their respective cylinders, means for alternately firing the two cylinders so as to reciprocate the piston system composed of the two pistons and the connecting means, a reciprocatory electrical generator-motor means driven by said reciprocatory piston system, said generator-motor means comprising a coil rigidly attached to and reciprocating with the said piston system and means creating a constant strength magnetic field within which the coil reciprocates, means to begin the combustion process in each combustion chamber at a low compression ratio sufficient for the initial ignition of the fuel-air mixture in transmitting an electric spark, to proceed at a diminishing volume under the influence of the opposite combustion chamber forces, and to terminate the combustion process at an expanding volume during the reverse piston stroke, whereby there is induced an electromagnetic voltage in the coil, means for automatically re-switching the coil from its generator duty to its driving duty upon the diminishing of the rate of reciprocation of the piston system, and means for automatically re-switching the coil from its driving duty to its generator duty upon the restoring of the normal operating rate of reciprocation of the piston system.

Claim 4

Independent Claim 236 words

A device for producing electrical energy from a cyclic combustion process, comprising two oppositely disposed aligned spark ignited internal combustion engine cylinders axially spaced from each other, a piston in each of the cylinders, means rigidly connecting the pistons so that they reciprocate in unison in their respective cylinders, means for alternately firing the two cylinders so as to reciprocate the piston system composed of the two pistons and the connecting means, a reciprocatory electrical generator-motor means driven by said reciprocatory piston system, said generator-motor means comprising a coil rigidly attached to and reciprocating with the said piston system and means creating a constant strength magnetic field within which the coil reciprocates, means to begin the combustion process in each combustion chamber at a low compression ratio sufficient for the initial ignition of the fuel-air mixture in transmitting an electric spark, to proceed at a diminishing volume under the influence of the opposite combustion chamber forces, and to terminate the combustion process at an expanding volume during the reverse piston stroke, whereby there is induced an electromagnetic voltage in the coil, means for automatically re-switching the coil from its generator duty to its driving duty upon the diminishing of the rate of reciprocation of the piston system, and means for automatically re-switching the coil from its driving duty to its generator duty upon the restoring of the normal operating rate of reciprocation of the piston system.

Claim 5

Independent Claim 215 words

A device for producing electrical energy from a cyclic combustion process, comprising two oppositely disposed aligned spark ignited internal combustion engine cylinders axially spaced from each other, a piston in each of the cylinders, means rigidly connecting the piston so that they reciprocate in unison in their respective cylinders, means for alternately firing the two cylinders so as to reciprocate the piston system composed of the two pistons and the connecting means, a reciprocatory electrical generator-motor means driven by said reciprocatory piston system, said generator-motor means comprising a coil rigidly attached to and reciprocating with the said piston system and means creating a constant strength magnetic field within which the coil reciprocates, means to begin the combustion process in each combustion chamber at a low compression ratio sufficient for the initial ignition of the fuel-air mixture in transmitting an electric spark, to proceed at a diminishing volume under the influence of the opposite combustion chamber forces, and to terminate the combustion process at an expanding volume during the reverse piston stroke, whereby there is induced an electromotive voltage in the coil, means for presetting the rate of reciprocation of the piston system, and means for maintaining the rate of reciprocation of the piston system at a constant value by equalizing the input and output power.

Claim 6

Independent Claim 215 words

A device for producing electrical energy from a cyclic combustion process, comprising two oppositely disposed aligned spark ignited internal combustion engine cylinders axially spaced from each other, a piston in each of the cylinders, means rigidly connecting the piston so that they reciprocate in unison in their respective cylinders, means for alternately firing the two cylinders so as to reciprocate the piston system composed of the two pistons and the connecting means, a reciprocatory electrical generator-motor means driven by said reciprocatory piston system, said generator-motor means comprising a coil rigidly attached to and reciprocating with the said piston system and means creating a constant strength magnetic field within which the coil reciprocates, means to begin the combustion process in each combustion chamber at a low compression ratio sufficient for the initial ignition of the fuel-air mixture in transmitting an electric spark, to proceed at a diminishing volume under the influence of the opposite combustion chamber forces, and to terminate the combustion process at an expanding volume during the reverse piston stroke, whereby there is induced an electromotive voltage in the coil, means for presetting the rate of reciprocation of the piston system, and means for maintaining the rate of reciprocation of the piston system at a constant value by equalizing the input and output power.

Claim 7

Independent Claim 214 words

A device for producing electrical energy from a cyclic combustion process comprising two oppositely disposed aligned spark ignited internal combustion engine cylinders axially spaced from each other, a piston in each of the cylinders, means rigidly connecting the pistons so that they reciprocate in unison in their respective cylinders, means for alternately firing the fuel-air mixture in the two cylinders so that the resulting forces reciprocate the piston system composed of the two pistons and the connecting means, a reciprocatory linear electric generator-motor means driven by said reciprocatory piston system said generator-motor means comprising a coreless coil with very low mass characteristics, said coil rigidly attached to and reciprocating with the said piston system, and means creating a constant strength magnetic flux field within which the coil reciprocates, means to initiate the combustion process in each combustion chamber at the lowest possible compression ratio sufficient for the initial ignition of the fuel-air mixture in transmitting an electrical spark, causing the combustion to proceed at a diminishing volume under the pressure forces from the compression-combustion process develop in the opposite chamber, the combustion process terminating at an expanding volume during the reverse piston stroke of said piston systems, said piston systems beginning to reciprocate mechanically, whereby there is generated an electromotive voltage in the coil.

Claim 8

Independent Claim 214 words

A device for producing electrical energy from a cyclic combustion process comprising two oppositely disposed aligned spark ignited internal combustion engine cylinders axially spaced from each other, a piston in each of the cylinders, means rigidly connecting the pistons so that they reciprocate in unison in their respective cylinders, means for alternately firing the fuel-air mixture in the two cylinders so that the resulting forces reciprocate the piston system composed of the two pistons and the connecting means, a reciprocatory linear electric generator-motor means driven by said reciprocatory piston system said generator-motor means comprising a coreless coil with very low mass characteristics, said coil rigidly attached to and reciprocating with the said piston system, and means creating a constant strength magnetic flux field within which the coil reciprocates, means to initiate the combustion process in each combustion chamber at the lowest possible compression ratio sufficient for the initial ignition of the fuel-air mixture in transmitting an electrical spark, causing the combustion to proceed at a diminishing volume under the pressure forces from the compression-combustion process develop in the opposite chamber, the combustion process terminating at an expanding volume during the reverse piston stroke of said piston systems, said piston systems beginning to reciprocate mechanically, whereby there is generated an electromotive voltage in the coil.

Claim 9

Independent Claim 231 words

A method of producing electrical energy from a cyclic combustion process which employ a device comprising two oppositely disposed aligned spark ignited internal combustion engine cylinders axially spaced from each other, a piston in each of the cylinders, means rigidly connecting the pistons so that they reciprocate in unison in their respective cylinders, means for alternately firing the two cylinders so as to reciprocate the piston system composed of the two pistons and the connecting means, a reciprocatory electrical generator-motor means driven by said reciprocatory piston system, said generator-motor means comprising a coil rigidly attached to and reciprocating with the said piston system, and means creating a constant strength magnetic field within which the coil reciprocates, said method comprising beginning the combustion process in each combustion chamber at a low compression ratio sufficient for the initial ignition of the fuel-air mixture in transmitting an electric spark, causing said combustion to proceed at a diminishing volume under the influence of the opposite combustion chamber forces, and terminating the combustion process at an expanding volume during the reverse piston stroke, whereby there is induced an electromotive voltage in the coil, the device having a source of electrical current, and means selectively to energize the coil, the method comprising switching-on the last named means, in the initial reciprocation of the piston system to energize the coil so that it drivingly reciprocates the piston system.

Claim 10

Independent Claim 231 words

A method of producing electrical energy from a cyclic combustion process which employ a device comprising two oppositely disposed aligned spark ignited internal combustion engine cylinders axially spaced from each other, a piston in each of the cylinders, means rigidly connecting the pistons so that they reciprocate in unison in their respective cylinders, means for alternately firing the two cylinders so as to reciprocate the piston system composed of the two pistons and the connecting means, a reciprocatory electrical generator-motor means driven by said reciprocatory piston system, said generator-motor means comprising a coil rigidly attached to and reciprocating with the said piston system, and means creating a constant strength magnetic field within which the coil reciprocates, said method comprising beginning the combustion process in each combustion chamber at a low compression ratio sufficient for the initial ignition of the fuel-air mixture in transmitting an electric spark, causing said combustion to proceed at a diminishing volume under the influence of the opposite combustion chamber forces, and terminating the combustion process at an expanding volume during the reverse piston stroke, whereby there is induced an electromotive voltage in the coil, the device having a source of electrical current, and means selectively to energize the coil, the method comprising switching-on the last named means, in the initial reciprocation of the piston system to energize the coil so that it drivingly reciprocates the piston system.

Claim 11

Dependent Claim 67 words

A method of producing electric energy from a cyclic combustion process according to claim 5, comprising automatically re-switching the coil from its generator duty to its driving duty upon the diminishing of the rate of reciprocation of the piston system, and automatically re-switching the coil from its driving duty to its generator duty upon the restoring of the normal operating rate of reciprocation of the piston system.

Claim 12

Independent Claim 220 words

A method of producing electrical energy from a cyclic combustion process which employ a device comprising two oppositely disposed aligned spark ignited internal combustion engine cylinders axially spaced from each other, a piston in each of the cylinders, means rigidly connecting the pistons so that they reciprocate in unison in their respective cylinders, means for alternately firing the two cylinders so as to reciprocate the piston system composed of the two pistons and the connecting means, a reciprocatory electrical generator-motor means driven by said reciprocatory piston system, said generator-motor means comprising a coil rigidly attached to and reciprocating with the said piston system, and means creating a constant strength magnetic field within which the coil reciprocates, said method comprising beginning the combustion process in each combustion chamber at a low compression ratio sufficient for the initial ignition of the fuel-air mixture in transmitting an electric spark, causing said combustion to proceed at a diminishing volume under the influence of the opposite combustion chamber forces, and terminating the combustion process at an expanding volume during the reverse piston stroke, whereby there is induced an electromotive voltage in the coil, and comprising presetting the rate of reciprocation of the piston system, and maintaining the rate of reciprocation of the piston system at a constant value by equalizing the input and output power.

Claim 13

Independent Claim 220 words

A method of producing electrical energy from a cyclic combustion process which employ a device comprising two oppositely disposed aligned spark ignited internal combustion engine cylinders axially spaced from each other, a piston in each of the cylinders, means rigidly connecting the pistons so that they reciprocate in unison in their respective cylinders, means for alternately firing the two cylinders so as to reciprocate the piston system composed of the two pistons and the connecting means, a reciprocatory electrical generator-motor means driven by said reciprocatory piston system, said generator-motor means comprising a coil rigidly attached to and reciprocating with the said piston system, and means creating a constant strength magnetic field within which the coil reciprocates, said method comprising beginning the combustion process in each combustion chamber at a low compression ratio sufficient for the initial ignition of the fuel-air mixture in transmitting an electric spark, causing said combustion to proceed at a diminishing volume under the influence of the opposite combustion chamber forces, and terminating the combustion process at an expanding volume during the reverse piston stroke, whereby there is induced an electromotive voltage in the coil, and comprising presetting the rate of reciprocation of the piston system, and maintaining the rate of reciprocation of the piston system at a constant value by equalizing the input and output power.

Claim 14

Dependent Claim 202 words

A method of producing electrical energy from a cyclic combustion process according to claim 1, comprising operating the device at frequencies on the order of 200-300 Hz and more and high linear reciprocation velocity in the range about 20 m/s, which is on the same order as the propagation speed of the flames in the combustion chambers, maintaining this velocity at a constant level during the whole reciprocation cycle, whereby to enable a combustion process beginning at a compression ratio of 3 to 9 at the initial piston movement toward an upper extreme point and reverse movement of said piston after reaching this extreme point at which or shortly thereafter high pressures up to 100 atmospheres and more are obtained, these high pressures on their part maintaining reciprocation speed the needed for this specific combustion process, such reciprocation speed being on the same order as the propagation speed of the flames in the ignited fuel-air mixture, in the cylinders whereby these combustion and compression processes taking place reversibly in the respective cylinder-piston system work under a controlled positive feedback relation, which permits said high linear reciprocation velocity, respectively, high frequency of reciprocation f the piston system and the coil rigidly attached thereto.

Annuity Stage	Window Opens	Payment Deadline	Surcharge Period Until	Estimated Fee	Status
3.5 Years (Year 4)	1988-07-29	1989-01-28	1989-07-30	$2000.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8)	1992-07-29	1993-01-28	1993-07-30	$3760.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12)	1996-07-29	1997-01-28	1997-07-30	$7700.00	Window Closed / Lapsed

Method and apparatus for producing electrical energy from a cyclic combustion process utilizing coupled pistons which reciprocate in unison

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