US4530765A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Processes using calcined, high surface area, particulate matter, and admixture with other agents
Assignee: Ensotech Inc
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Filing: 1984-03-20
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Granted: 1985-07-23
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Expires: 2004-03-20
Abstract
Abstract This invention is concerned with production and use of high surface area particulate matter by calcining a charge of clay mineral, feldspar, zeolite, coal ash, fly ash, pozzolan or volcanic ash for a time to develop fractures which increase the surface area of the particles. Vacuum calcining decreases the calcining time. The calcined matter desirably has an analysis including: calcium oxide, about 20-40 weight %; aluminum oxide, about 15-35 weight %; and silicon oxide, about 20-40 weight %. The calcined particulate matter can be used in the treatment of impure aqueous materials; the matter is denser than water and sludge settles rapidly and completely. The calcined matter interacts with heavy metal ions to form tightly bound sludge that is nonhazardous for landfill disposal. The calcined matter can be combined with conventual coagulants, flocculants, filter aids, or activated carbon to obtain a multipurpose treating agent. The calcined particulate matter can be combined with exotic waste water treating agents obtaining results not attainable by these exotic agents alone. The exotic agents are borohydride, dialkyldithiocarbamates where alkyl has 1-5 carbon atoms and `carbamate` has alkali metal or ammonium, dithionites, glycine, hydrazine salts, metabisulfites, polygalacturonic acid, water soluble sulfides and sulfites, and cellulose and starch xanthates.
Inventors
- 👤 Inderjit H. Sabherwal
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-31 13:56
CPC Classifications
B; B01; B01J; B01J20/00; B01J20/02; B01J20/10; B01J20/04; B01J20/041; B01J20/043; B01J20/06; B01J20/08; B01J20/103; B01J20/12; B01J20/16; B01J20/18; B01J20/20; B01J20/30; B01J20/3078; C; C02; C02F; C02F1/00; C02F1/28; C02F1/283; C02F1/52; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S210/00; Y10S210/902; Y10S210/908; Y10S210/911; Y10S210/912; Y10S210/928
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 12
Claim 1
Independent Claim
138 words
A treatment process comprising: contacting aqueous material with calcined particulate matter; said aqueous material containing inorganic, organic, or both impurity in water solution, water dispersion, or both; whereby at least a significant amount of said impurity is removed from the water portion of said aqueous material by interaction of said impurity with said calcined particulate matter; where said calcined particulate matter is high surface area particulate matter produced by calcining, a charge of feeding particulate matter selected from the group consisting of clay mineral, feldspar, zeolite, coal ash, fly ash, pozzolan and volcanic ash, at a temperature above about 1100° C., for a time sufficient to develop fractures extending from the surface of the calcined particulate matter, which fractures increase substantially the surface area of the calcined particulate matter over the surface area of said feed particulate matter.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
138 words
A treatment process comprising: contacting aqueous material with calcined particulate matter; said aqueous material containing inorganic, organic, or both impurity in water solution, water dispersion, or both; whereby at least a significant amount of said impurity is removed from the water portion of said aqueous material by interaction of said impurity with said calcined particulate matter; where said calcined particulate matter is high surface area particulate matter produced by calcining, a charge of feeding particulate matter selected from the group consisting of clay mineral, feldspar, zeolite, coal ash, fly ash, pozzolan and volcanic ash, at a temperature above about 1100° C., for a time sufficient to develop fractures extending from the surface of the calcined particulate matter, which fractures increase substantially the surface area of the calcined particulate matter over the surface area of said feed particulate matter.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
12 words
The process of claim 1 wherein said aqueous material is hard water.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
12 words
The process of claim 1 wherein said aqueous material is waste water.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process of claim 3 wherein said waste water is sewage which has received primary treatment.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 3 wherein said waste water is waste water from metal plating or metal finishing operations.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
14 words
The process of claim 3 wherein said waste water is paper mill white water.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
28 words
The process of claim 1 wherein said aqueous material is solid waste, soil, or both, having a substantial free water content and including inorganic, organic, or both impurity.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 7 wherein said treated soil forms the wall of a liquid waste lagoon or pond.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
149 words
A process for removing contaminants from contaminated underground water reservoir, which process comprises: withdrawing water from said reservoir; treating said water with calcined particulate matter; passing said treated water to sewers beyond community treating plant limits, or to irrigation use, or to industrial safe-to-health use, or to said reservoir to dilute the water therein, and continuing said procedure until said reservoir has reached a "non-contaminated" safe condition; where said calcined particulate matter is high surface area particulate matter produced by calcining, a charge of feed particulate matter selected from the group consisting of clay mineral, feldspar, zeolite, coal ash, fly ash, pozzolan and volcanic ash, at a temperature above about 1100° C., for a time sufficient to develop fractures extending from the surface of the calcined particulate matter, which fractures increase substantially the surface area of the calcined particulate matter over the surface area of said feed particulate matter.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
149 words
A process for removing contaminants from contaminated underground water reservoir, which process comprises: withdrawing water from said reservoir; treating said water with calcined particulate matter; passing said treated water to sewers beyond community treating plant limits, or to irrigation use, or to industrial safe-to-health use, or to said reservoir to dilute the water therein, and continuing said procedure until said reservoir has reached a "non-contaminated" safe condition; where said calcined particulate matter is high surface area particulate matter produced by calcining, a charge of feed particulate matter selected from the group consisting of clay mineral, feldspar, zeolite, coal ash, fly ash, pozzolan and volcanic ash, at a temperature above about 1100° C., for a time sufficient to develop fractures extending from the surface of the calcined particulate matter, which fractures increase substantially the surface area of the calcined particulate matter over the surface area of said feed particulate matter.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
27 words
The process of claim 9 wherein said calcined particulate matter includes at least one member of the group consisting of coagulents, flocculents, filter aids, and activated carbon.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US3783128A
Cited
US3998756A
Cited
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| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1988-07-22 | 1989-01-21 | 1989-07-23 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1992-07-22 | 1993-01-21 | 1993-07-23 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
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