US4528276A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Zeolite ion exchanger for builders in detergents
Assignee: PQ Corp
•
Filing: 1983-01-03
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Granted: 1985-07-09
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Expires: 2003-01-03
Abstract
Abstract Alkali metal silicates and zeolites can be agglomerated to form granules that are of particular value in detergents. These agglomerates are formed when hydrated alkali metal silicate particles are tumbled with hydrated zeolites of small particle size while moisture and then heat are introduced to achieve granulation. The product is a free-flowing granular material has numerous desirable characteristics for detergents.
Inventors
- 👤 Thomas C. Cambell
- 👤 Howard S. Sherry
- 👤 George C. Schweiker
- 👤 James S. Falcone, Jr.
- 👤 Robert H. Sams, deceased
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-29 08:21
CPC Classifications
B; B01; B01J; B01J20/00; B01J20/02; B01J20/10; B01J20/16; B01J20/18; C; C11; C11D; C11D3/00; C11D3/02; C11D3/12; C11D3/124; C11D3/1246
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 22
Claim 1
Independent Claim
169 words
An agglomerate that is a combination of separate particles of alkali metal silicate and zeolite and consists of 1 part by weight (pbw) of water-soluble alkali metal silicate particles and 1 to 8 pbw of water insoluble hydrated zeolite particles, said agglomerate being characterized by: (a) disintegrating when exposed to water, thereby dispersing the insoluble zeolite throughout the water; (b) a particle size of 150 to 2000 microns; and (c) less than a 15% difference between the bulk density and tamped bulk density, said alkali metal silicate particles having 1.4 to 4.0 moles of SiO 2 per mole of M 2 O, where M represents sodium, potassium or a mixture thereof and 15 to 30% by weight water, and said zeolite having the formula: Na.sub.x [(AlO.sub.2).sub.x (SiO.sub.2).sub.y ]zH.sub.2 O wherein x and y are integers and the molar ratio of x to y is in the range of 0.1 to 1.1 and z is an integer such that the water content of said zeolite is about 18 to 30%.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
169 words
An agglomerate that is a combination of separate particles of alkali metal silicate and zeolite and consists of 1 part by weight (pbw) of water-soluble alkali metal silicate particles and 1 to 8 pbw of water insoluble hydrated zeolite particles, said agglomerate being characterized by: (a) disintegrating when exposed to water, thereby dispersing the insoluble zeolite throughout the water; (b) a particle size of 150 to 2000 microns; and (c) less than a 15% difference between the bulk density and tamped bulk density, said alkali metal silicate particles having 1.4 to 4.0 moles of SiO 2 per mole of M 2 O, where M represents sodium, potassium or a mixture thereof and 15 to 30% by weight water, and said zeolite having the formula: Na.sub.x [(AlO.sub.2).sub.x (SiO.sub.2).sub.y ]zH.sub.2 O wherein x and y are integers and the molar ratio of x to y is in the range of 0.1 to 1.1 and z is an integer such that the water content of said zeolite is about 18 to 30%.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
64 words
The agglomerate of claim 1 wherein the silicate is sodium silicate with 1.6 to 2.8 moles of SiO 2 per mole of Na 2 O and the zeolite is Zeolite NaA wherein x and y are 12 and z is an integer such that the zeolite contains 19 to 25% water and said agglomerate disintegrates when exposed to water in 15 seconds or less.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
22 words
The agglomerate of claim 2 wherein there are 2 to 6 pbw of Zeolite NaA for each pbw of hydrated sodium silicate.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
22 words
The agglomerate of claim 3 wherein there are 3 to 6 pbw of Zeolite NaA for each pbw of hydrated sodium silicate.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
32 words
The agglomerate of claim 2 wherein there is about 1 pbw of Zeolite NaA for each pbw hydrated sodium silicate and the agglomerate absorbs up to 25% by weight liquid nonionic surfactant.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
35 words
The agglomerate of claim 2 wherein there are 2 to 4 pbw of Zeolite NaA for each pbw of hydrated sodium silicate and said agglomerate absorbs 40 to 50% by weight of liquid nonionic surfactant.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
117 words
An agglomerate that is a combination of separate particles of alkali metal silicates and zeolite and consists of 1 pbw of water-soluble sodium silicate particles and 2 to 6 pbw of water-insoluble Zeolite NaA, said agglomerate being characterized by: (a) disintegrating in 15 seconds or less when exposed to water, thereby dispersing the insoluble zeolite throughout the water; (b) a particle size of 150 to 2000 microns; and (c) less than a 15% difference between the bulk density and the tamped bulk density, said hydrated sodium silicate particles having 1.6 to 2.8 moles of SiO 2 per mole of Na 2 O and 15 to 30% by weight, and said Zeolite NaA containing 19 to 25% water.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
117 words
An agglomerate that is a combination of separate particles of alkali metal silicates and zeolite and consists of 1 pbw of water-soluble sodium silicate particles and 2 to 6 pbw of water-insoluble Zeolite NaA, said agglomerate being characterized by: (a) disintegrating in 15 seconds or less when exposed to water, thereby dispersing the insoluble zeolite throughout the water; (b) a particle size of 150 to 2000 microns; and (c) less than a 15% difference between the bulk density and the tamped bulk density, said hydrated sodium silicate particles having 1.6 to 2.8 moles of SiO 2 per mole of Na 2 O and 15 to 30% by weight, and said Zeolite NaA containing 19 to 25% water.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
22 words
The agglomerate of claim 7 wherein there are 3 to 6 pbw of Zeolite NaA for each pbw of hydrated sodium silicate.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
32 words
The agglomerate of claim 8 wherein there are 2 to 4 pbw of Zeolite Na for each pbw of hydrated sodium silicate and the agglomerate absorbs 40 to 50% liquid nonionic surfactant.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
185 words
An agglomerate that is a combination of separate particles of alkali metal silicate and zeolite and consists of 1 part by weight (pbw) of water-soluble alkali metal silicate particles and 1 to 8 pbw of water insoluble hydrated zeolite particles, said agglomerate being characterized by: (a) said water insoluble zeolite particles being coated on the water soluble alkali metal silicate particles; (b) disintegrating when exposed to water, thereby dispersing the insoluble zeolite throughout the water; (c) a particle size of 150 to 2000 microns; and (d) less than a 15% difference between the bulk density and tamped bulk density, said alkali metal silicate particles having 1.4 to 4.0 moles of SiO 2 per mole of M 2 O, where M represents sodium, potassium or a mixture thereof and 15 to 30% by weight water, and said zeolite having the formula: Na.sub.x [(AlO.sub.2).sub.x (SiO.sub.2).sub.y ]zH.sub.2 O wherein x and y are integers and the molar ratio of x to y is in the range of 0.1 to 1.1 and z is an integer such that the water content of said zeolite is about 18 to 30%.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
185 words
An agglomerate that is a combination of separate particles of alkali metal silicate and zeolite and consists of 1 part by weight (pbw) of water-soluble alkali metal silicate particles and 1 to 8 pbw of water insoluble hydrated zeolite particles, said agglomerate being characterized by: (a) said water insoluble zeolite particles being coated on the water soluble alkali metal silicate particles; (b) disintegrating when exposed to water, thereby dispersing the insoluble zeolite throughout the water; (c) a particle size of 150 to 2000 microns; and (d) less than a 15% difference between the bulk density and tamped bulk density, said alkali metal silicate particles having 1.4 to 4.0 moles of SiO 2 per mole of M 2 O, where M represents sodium, potassium or a mixture thereof and 15 to 30% by weight water, and said zeolite having the formula: Na.sub.x [(AlO.sub.2).sub.x (SiO.sub.2).sub.y ]zH.sub.2 O wherein x and y are integers and the molar ratio of x to y is in the range of 0.1 to 1.1 and z is an integer such that the water content of said zeolite is about 18 to 30%.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
64 words
The agglomerate of claim 10 wherein the silicate is sodium silicate with 1.6 to 2.8 moles of SiO 2 per mole of Na 2 O and the zeolite is Zeolite NaA wherein x and y are 12 and z is an integer such that the zeolite contains 19 to 25% water and said agglomerate disintegrates when exposed to water in 15 seconds or less.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
22 words
The agglomerate of claim 10 wherein there are 2 to 6 pbw of Zeolite NaA for each pbw of hydrated sodium silicate.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
22 words
The agglomerate of claim 12 wherein there are 3 to 6 pbw of Zeolite NaA for each pbw of hydrated sodium silicate.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
32 words
The agglomerate of claim 11 wherein there is about 1 pbw of Zeolite NaA for each pbw hydrated sodium silicate and the agglomerate absorbs up to 25% by weight liquid nonionic surfactant.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
35 words
The agglomerate of claim 11 wherein there are 2 to 4 pbw of Zeolite NaA for each pbw of hydrated sodium silicate and said agglomerate absorbs 40 to 50% by weight of liquid nonionic surfactant.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
131 words
An agglomerate that is a combination of separate particles of alkali metal silicate and zeolite and consists of 1 pbw of water-soluble sodium silicate particles and 2 to 6 pbw of water-insoluble Zeolite NaA, said agglomerate being characterized by: (a) said water-insoluble Zeolite Na particles being coated on the water-soluble sodium silicate particles; (b) disintegrating in 15 seconds or less when exposed to water, thereby dispersing the insoluble zeolite throughout the water; (c) a particle size of 150 to 2000 microns; and (d) less than a 15% difference between the bulk density and the tamped bulk density, said hydrated sodium silicate particles having 1.6 to 2.8 moles of SiO 2 per mole of Na 2 O and 15 to 30% by weight, and said Zeolite NaA containing 19 to 25% water.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
131 words
An agglomerate that is a combination of separate particles of alkali metal silicate and zeolite and consists of 1 pbw of water-soluble sodium silicate particles and 2 to 6 pbw of water-insoluble Zeolite NaA, said agglomerate being characterized by: (a) said water-insoluble Zeolite Na particles being coated on the water-soluble sodium silicate particles; (b) disintegrating in 15 seconds or less when exposed to water, thereby dispersing the insoluble zeolite throughout the water; (c) a particle size of 150 to 2000 microns; and (d) less than a 15% difference between the bulk density and the tamped bulk density, said hydrated sodium silicate particles having 1.6 to 2.8 moles of SiO 2 per mole of Na 2 O and 15 to 30% by weight, and said Zeolite NaA containing 19 to 25% water.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
22 words
The agglomerate of claim 16 wherein there are 3 to 6 pbw of Zeolite NaA for each pbw of hydrated sodium silicate.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
32 words
The agglomerate of claim 17 wherein there are 2 to 4 pbw of Zeolite Na for each pbw of hydrated sodium silicate and the agglomerate absorbs 40 to 50% liquid nonionic surfactant.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1988-07-08 | 1989-01-07 | 1989-07-09 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1992-07-08 | 1993-01-07 | 1993-07-09 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1996-07-08 | 1997-01-07 | 1997-07-09 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |