Method of operating internal combustion engines

Claim 1

A method of operating air-compressing direct-injecting internal combustion engines having at least one piston, a cylinder having a cylinder head, a combustion chamber including a wall formed in said at least one piston, means for introducing air, said combustion chamber in said at least one piston having a cylindrical shape with a longitudinal central axis and being adapted to accommodate movement of air about its longitudinal central axis, injector means for introducing fuel in the direction of movement of air in said combustion chamber and depositing fuel partially as a film on the wall of said combustion chamber in said piston during at least one of the conditions consisting of the group of upper speed range and upper load range, while during idling of said combustion engine and during at least one of the conditions consisting of lower speed range and lower load range, a direct mixing of combustion air and fuel occurs, said injector means having an outlet and means adjustable therewith so that effective cross sectional area of the outlet is selectively controllable, said method comprising in combination the steps of: introducing combustion air into said combustion chamber to rotate about said longitudinal axis at a predetermined velocity; injecting a fuel stream at a predetermined velocity into said combustion chamber so that a hollow fuel stream with differing inner diameters of the fuel stream for predetermined surface area of the fuel stream leaving the injector means with varying of inner diameter thereof, has a velocity equal to the combustion air velocity when the engine is operating at its rated speed; reducing the velocity of the combustion air by varying inner diameter of the fuel stream in proportion to a decrease of speed of said internal combustion engine and at a constant velocity of introduction of said fuel stream, to provide a velocity difference between the fuel velocity and the air velocity; and selectively controlling the surface area of the fuel stream leaving the injector means by varying inner diameter of the fuel stream as an inverse function of a speed air said internal combustion engine so that upon increasing the speed thereof the surface area is decreased.

Claim 2

A method of operating air-compressing direct-injecting internal combustion engines having at least one piston, a cylinder having a cylinder head, a combustion chamber including a wall formed in said at least one piston, means for introducing air, said combustion chamber in said at least one piston having a cylindrical shape with a longitudinal central axis and being adapted to accommodate movement of air about its longitudinal central axis, injector means for introducing fuel in the direction of movement of air in said combustion chamber and depositing fuel partially as a film on the wall of said combustion chamber in said piston during at least one of the conditions consisting of the group of upper speed range and upper load range, while during idling of said combustion engine and during at least one of the conditions consisting of lower speed range and lower load range, a direct mixing of combustion air and fuel occurs, said injector means having an outlet and means adjustable therewith so that effective cross sectional area of the outlet is selectively controllable, said method comprising in combination the steps of: introducing combustion air into said combustion chamber to rotate about said longitudinal axis at a predetermined velocity; injecting a fuel stream at a predetermined velocity into said combustion chamber so that a hollow fuel stream with differing inner diameters of the fuel stream for predetermined surface area of the fuel stream leaving the injector means with varying of inner diameter thereof, has a velocity equal to the combustion air velocity when the engine is operating at its rated speed; reducing the velocity of the combustion air by varying inner diameter of the fuel stream in proportion to a decrease of speed of said internal combustion engine and at a constant velocity of introduction of said fuel stream, to provide a velocity difference between the fuel velocity and the air velocity; and selectively controlling the surface area of the fuel stream leaving the injector means by varying inner diameter of the fuel stream as an inverse function of a speed air said internal combustion engine so that upon increasing the speed thereof the surface area is decreased.