Apparatus for solid/liquid separation by vaporization and condensation

Claim 2

A substantially-closed hollow module comprising two similarly-shaped imperforate chambers, a smaller inner chamber and a larger outer chamber, respective walls of which are spaced from each other; the inner chamber being entirely within the outer chamber and having (a) two opposed ends, (b) means to withdraw solids from one end, (c) means to withdraw gas or vapor from the other end, (d) means therewithin, at said other end, to move gas or vapor directly from the inner chamber to the outer chamber, (e) means, at or near the other end, to introduce a solids-containing liquid continuously into said inner chamber, and (f) means to spread virtually all of the solids-containing liquid as a thin sheet or film over walls thereof; the outer chamber completely surrounding the entire inner chamber and having (a) two opposed ends, (b) means to receive gas or vapor directly from the inner chamber at one end, (c) means to condense vapor, (d) means to discharge non-condensed gas or vapor from the one end, (e) means to discharge condensed vapor from the other end, and (f) an externally-insulated outer wall.

Claim 3

A module according to claim 1 in which the two chambers are substantially circular in cross-section over a major portion and have respective ends which are substantially conical or dish-shaped.

Claim 4

A module according to claim 1 wherein the inner chamber has a portion adjacent the one end with a release coating thereon to facilitate conduction of separated solids to the solid-withdrawal means.

Claim 5

A module according to claim 1 wherein the outer wall of the outer chamber has an inner surface with a release coating thereon to facilitate conduction of condensed vapor to the condensed-vapor discharge means.

Claim 6

A module according to one of claims 1 to 4 wherein the means to move gas or vapor is in a conduit within the inner chamber.

Claim 7

A module according to claim 5 having a capacity sufficient to produce from about 1.8 to about 22.8 liters per minute of solids-containing liquid, having means to produce and maintain a substantially constant temperature of about 20° C. within the inner chamber and having means to produce and maintain a substantially constant pressure of about 17.5 mm Hg within the inner chamber.

Claim 8

A module according to claim 5 wherein the inner chamber is surrounded by aluminum or steel walls and the outer chamber is surrounded by steel walls.

Claim 9

A substantially-closed hollow module comprising two similarly-shaped imperforate chambers, a smaller inner chamber entirely encompassed within a larger outer chamber, respective walls of which are spaced from each other; the inner chamber having (a) two opposed ends, (b) means to withdraw solids from one end, (c) means to withdraw gas or vapor from the other end, (d) means, at said other end, to move gas or vapor from the inner chamber to the outer chamber, (e) means, at or near the other end, to introduce a solids-containing liquid into said inner chamber, and (f) conduit means to spread the solids-containing liquid as a thin sheet or film on and along a wall surface of the inner chamber, the wall surface being in direct flow communication with an opening in the conduit means, the conduit means being at a substantially constant elevation which is superior to at least a portion of the wall surface, the opening starting at substantially the highest elevation of the conduit means and gradually descending in a downstream direction to the lowest elevation thereof, said opening being situated in said conduit means in a manner so that liquid in the conduit means is directed toward and onto said wall surface; the outer chamber having (a) two opposed ends, (b) means to receive gas or vapor from the inner chamber at one end, (c) means to condense vapor, (d) means to discharge non-condensed gas or vapor from the one end, (e) means to discharge condensed vapor from the other end, and (f) an externally-insulated outer wall.

Claim 10

A substantially-closed hollow module comprising two similarly-shaped imperforate chambers, a smaller inner chamber entirely encompassed within a larger outer chamber, respective walls of which are spaced from each other; the inner chamber having (a) two opposed ends, (b) means to withdraw solids from one end, (c) means to withdraw gas or vapor from the other end, (d) means, at said other end, to move gas or vapor from the inner chamber to the outer chamber, (e) means, at or near the other end, to introduce a solids-containing liquid into said inner chamber, and (f) conduit means to spread the solids-containing liquid as a thin sheet or film on and along a wall surface of the inner chamber, the wall surface being in direct flow communication with an opening in the conduit means, the conduit means being at a substantially constant elevation which is superior to at least a portion of the wall surface, the opening starting at substantially the highest elevation of the conduit means and gradually descending in a downstream direction to the lowest elevation thereof, said opening being situated in said conduit means in a manner so that liquid in the conduit means is directed toward and onto said wall surface; the outer chamber having (a) two opposed ends, (b) means to receive gas or vapor from the inner chamber at one end, (c) means to condense vapor, (d) means to discharge non-condensed gas or vapor from the one end, (e) means to discharge condensed vapor from the other end, and (f) an externally-insulated outer wall.

Claim 11

In apparatus having (I) means to maintain substantially-constant temperature and pressure conditions within a chamber, (II) means to vaporize liquid and (III) means to maintain thus-vaporized liquid in a substantially-saturated state, a module according to claim 1 or claim 15 wherein means (I) are means to maintain the stated conditions within the inner chamber, means (II) are means to vaporize liquid from the solids-containing liquid, and means (III) are means to maintain a substantially-saturated vapor state within and throughout the inner chamber.

Claim 12

A module according to claim 1 or claim 8 having saturated vapor of the solids-containing liquid within and substantially filling the inner chamber, wherein said solids-containing liquid is in liquid form virtually only as a thin sheet or film on part of the wall surface.