US4478798A — Prevention of carbonyl formation to avoid fouling…

Claim 1

Independent Claim 97 words

In a process for avoiding equipment fouling with metallic sulfides comprising the steps of processing and purifying cracked gases containing CO, H 2 S and reactive metal species capable of carbonyl formation, the improvement comprising maintaining said reactive metal species capable of carbonyl formation out of contact with equipment parts operating within a temperature range favoring the formation of metal carbonyls to the extent of at least 0.2 mg of metal carbonyl per Nm 3 of gas; and outside of said temperature range, less than 0.2 mg of metal carbonyls per Nm 3 of gas being formable.

Claim 2

Dependent Claim 97 words

In a process for avoiding equipment fouling with metallic sulfides comprising the steps of processing and purifying cracked gases containing CO, H 2 S and reactive metal species capable of carbonyl formation, the improvement comprising maintaining said reactive metal species capable of carbonyl formation out of contact with equipment parts operating within a temperature range favoring the formation of metal carbonyls to the extent of at least 0.2 mg of metal carbonyl per Nm 3 of gas; and outside of said temperature range, less than 0.2 mg of metal carbonyls per Nm 3 of gas being formable.

Claim 3

Dependent Claim 38 words

A process according to claim 1, wherein the cracked gas is under a pressure of about 80 atmospheres absolute and contains about 50% by volume of carbon monoxide, and said metal carbonyl-favoring temperature range is about 30°-250° C.

Claim 4

Dependent Claim 34 words

A process according to claim 2, comprising separating the metallic compounds present in the cracked gas during the course of cooling the cracked gases within a temperature range of 1300° C. to 250° C.

Claim 5

Dependent Claim 19 words

A process according to claim 3, wherein the metallic compounds are separated within a temperature range of 700°-280° C.

Claim 6

Dependent Claim 18 words

A process according to claim 3, wherein the separating is conducted in a cyclone at about 400° C.

Claim 7

Dependent Claim 14 words

A process according to claim 3, wherein the separating is conducted through a filter.

Claim 8

Dependent Claim 27 words

A process according to claim 3, wherein the separating is conducted by a high-pressure water scrubbing step within a temperature range from 375° C. to 250° C.

Claim 9

Dependent Claim 42 words

A process according to claim 1, further comprising the step of employing water to cool the cracked gas to within the metal carbonyl-favoring temperature range, and preceding said step, removing compounds of reactive metal species capable of carbonyl formation from said water.

Claim 10

Dependent Claim 42 words

A process according to claim 8, further comprising adding an oxidizing agent to the water and/or the cracked gas to convert said reactive metal species to a higher valence, said higher valence metal species being non-reactive for the formation of metal carbonyl.

Claim 11

Dependent Claim 14 words

A process according to claim 9, wherein said oxidizing agent is an oxygen-containing gas.

Claim 12

Dependent Claim 15 words

A process according to claim 9, wherein said oxidizing agent is hydrogen peroxide or ozone.

Claim 13

Dependent Claim 16 words

A process according to claim 9, wherein said oxidizing agent is sulfur dioxide or nitrogen oxide.

Claim 14

Dependent Claim 13 words

A process according to claim 9, wherein said oxidizing agent is a halogen.

Claim 15

Dependent Claim 15 words

A process according to claim 8 wherein said metal carbonyl-favoring temperature range is 30°-250° C.

Claim 16

Dependent Claim 53 words

A process according to claim 1, further comprising the step of employing water to cool the cracked gas to within the metal carbonyl-favoring temperature range, said water containing reactive metals and having a pH value up to 6 in the water so as to prevent said reactive metals from reacting with carbon monoxide.

Claim 17

Dependent Claim 15 words

A process according to claim 15 wherein said metal carbonyl-favoring temperature range is 30°-250° C.

Claim 18

Dependent Claim 14 words

A process according to claim 16 wherein the pH of the water is 2-4.

Claim 19

Dependent Claim 51 words

A process according to claim 1, wherein an oxidizing agent is added to the cracked gas prior to said gas being cooled to the temperature favoring metal carbonyl formation, said oxidizing agent converting said reactive metal species to a higher valence metal species being non-reactive for the formation of metal carbonyl.

Claim 20

Dependent Claim 38 words

A process according to claim 18, wherein the cracked gas is under a pressure of about 80 atmospheres absolute and contains about 50% by volume of carbon monoxide, and said metal carbonyl-favoring temperature range is about 30°-250° C.

Claim 21

Dependent Claim 25 words

A process according to claim 19, wherein the oxidizing agent is an oxygen containing gas, ozone, hydrogen peroxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide or a halogen.

Claim 22

Dependent Claim 15 words

A process according to claim 1 wherein said reactive metal species is iron or nickel.

Claim 23

Dependent Claim 67 words

In a process comprising the steps of processing and purifying cracked gases containing CO, H 2 S and reactive metal species capable of carbonyl formation, the improvement of avoiding equipment fouling with metallic sulfides comprising maintaining said reactive metal species capable of carbonyl formation out of contact with equipment parts operating within a temperature range favoring the formation of metal carbonyls, said temperature range being 30°-250° C.

Claim 24

Dependent Claim 67 words

In a process comprising the steps of processing and purifying cracked gases containing CO, H 2 S and reactive metal species capable of carbonyl formation, the improvement of avoiding equipment fouling with metallic sulfides comprising maintaining said reactive metal species capable of carbonyl formation out of contact with equipment parts operating within a temperature range favoring the formation of metal carbonyls, said temperature range being 30°-250° C.

Claim 25

Dependent Claim 15 words

A process according to claim 22 wherein said reactive metal species is iron or nickel.

Claim 26

Dependent Claim 60 words

In a process comprising water scrubbing a gas containing CO, H 2 S and reactive metal species capable of carbonyl formation, wherein said scrubbing water is recycled, the improvement comprising adding an oxidizing agent to the water to convert said reactive metal species to a higher valence, said higher valence metal species being non-reactive for the formation of metal carbonyl.

Claim 27

Dependent Claim 60 words

In a process comprising water scrubbing a gas containing CO, H 2 S and reactive metal species capable of carbonyl formation, wherein said scrubbing water is recycled, the improvement comprising adding an oxidizing agent to the water to convert said reactive metal species to a higher valence, said higher valence metal species being non-reactive for the formation of metal carbonyl.

Claim 28

Dependent Claim 14 words

A process according to claim 24, wherein said oxidizing agent is an oxygen-containing gas.

Claim 29

Dependent Claim 15 words

A process according to claim 24, wherein said oxidizing agent is hydrogen peroxide or ozone.

Claim 30

Dependent Claim 16 words

A process according to claim 24, wherein said oxidizing agent is sulfur dioxide or nitrogen oxide.

Claim 31

Dependent Claim 13 words

A process according to claim 24, wherein said oxidizing agent is a halogen.

Claim 32

Dependent Claim 15 words

A process according to claim 24 wherein said reactive metal species is iron or nickel.

Claim 33

Dependent Claim 52 words

In a process comprising water scrubbing a gas containing CO, H 2 S and reactive metal species capable of carbonyl formation, wherein said scrubbing water is recycled, the improvement comprising maintaining a pH value up to 6 in the water so as to prevent said reactive metals from reacting with carbon monoxide.

Claim 34

Dependent Claim 52 words

In a process comprising water scrubbing a gas containing CO, H 2 S and reactive metal species capable of carbonyl formation, wherein said scrubbing water is recycled, the improvement comprising maintaining a pH value up to 6 in the water so as to prevent said reactive metals from reacting with carbon monoxide.

Claim 35

Dependent Claim 20 words

A process according to claim 30 wherein the pH of the water is 2-4 and the reactive species is nickel.

Claim 36

Dependent Claim 15 words

A process according to claim 30 wherein said reactive metal species is iron or nickel.

Annuity Stage	Window Opens	Payment Deadline	Surcharge Period Until	Estimated Fee	Status
3.5 Years (Year 4)	1987-10-23	1988-04-23	1988-10-23	$2000.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8)	1991-10-23	1992-04-23	1992-10-23	$3760.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12)	1995-10-23	1996-04-23	1996-10-23	$7700.00	Window Closed / Lapsed

Prevention of carbonyl formation to avoid fouling of sour gas absorption system

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