US4476072A — Processing masses of substantially organic materi…

Claim 1

Independent Claim 162 words

A process for producing shaped thin-walled articles from a shapable mass containing in aqueous dispersion at least one coagulable amphoteric high molecular organic substance such as coagulable animal protein, which comprises extruding the mass through a die that shapes it into the desired thin-walled form, passing the extrude into an aqueous coagulating bath; said dispersion having a pH to one side of the isoelectric point of said substance, and containing sufficient polyvalent ions to inhibit swelling of said substance and formation in the extrudate of an ion-selective barrier against ion penetration; said bath having a pH to the opposite side of said isoelectric point and being substantially free of salt other than at most a small amount of non-dehydrating salt; and in said bath coagulating said substance in the extrudate by effecting a change in the pH of said dispersion such that the isoelectric point of said substance is traversed with a change of the state of charge on the particles thereof.

Claim 2

Dependent Claim 162 words

A process for producing shaped thin-walled articles from a shapable mass containing in aqueous dispersion at least one coagulable amphoteric high molecular organic substance such as coagulable animal protein, which comprises extruding the mass through a die that shapes it into the desired thin-walled form, passing the extrude into an aqueous coagulating bath; said dispersion having a pH to one side of the isoelectric point of said substance, and containing sufficient polyvalent ions to inhibit swelling of said substance and formation in the extrudate of an ion-selective barrier against ion penetration; said bath having a pH to the opposite side of said isoelectric point and being substantially free of salt other than at most a small amount of non-dehydrating salt; and in said bath coagulating said substance in the extrudate by effecting a change in the pH of said dispersion such that the isoelectric point of said substance is traversed with a change of the state of charge on the particles thereof.

Claim 3

Dependent Claim 22 words

A process according to claim 1, said dispersion being acidic and said bath consisting essentially of a dilute solution of a hydroxide.

Claim 4

Dependent Claim 20 words

A process according to claim 1, said dispersion being basic and said bath consisting essentially of a dilute acid solution.

Claim 5

Dependent Claim 40 words

A process according to claim 2, said substance comprising collagen and said dispersion also containing a cross-linking agent for the collagen that is inactive in the dispersion per se but is activated in the extrudate by contact with said bath.

Claim 6

Dependent Claim 12 words

A process according to claim 4, said cross-linking agent being a dialdehyde.

Claim 7

Dependent Claim 148 words

A process for producing shaped thin-walled articles from a shapable mass containing in aqueous dispersion at least one coagulable amphoteric high molecular organic substance such as coagulable animal protein, which comprises extruding the mass through a die that shapes it into the desired thin-walled form, and in said bath coagulating said substance in the extrudate by effecting a change in the pH of said dispersion such that the isoelectric point of said substance is traversed, said dispersion containing sufficient polyvalent ions to inhibit formation in the extrudate of a barrier against ion penetration; said dispersion being acidic and said bath consisting essentially of a dilute solution of a hydroxide; said substance comprising collagen and said dispersion also containing a cross-linking agent for the collagen that is inactive in the dispersion per se but is activated in the extrudate by contact with said bath; said cross-linking agent being glyoxal.

Claim 8

Dependent Claim 148 words

A process for producing shaped thin-walled articles from a shapable mass containing in aqueous dispersion at least one coagulable amphoteric high molecular organic substance such as coagulable animal protein, which comprises extruding the mass through a die that shapes it into the desired thin-walled form, and in said bath coagulating said substance in the extrudate by effecting a change in the pH of said dispersion such that the isoelectric point of said substance is traversed, said dispersion containing sufficient polyvalent ions to inhibit formation in the extrudate of a barrier against ion penetration; said dispersion being acidic and said bath consisting essentially of a dilute solution of a hydroxide; said substance comprising collagen and said dispersion also containing a cross-linking agent for the collagen that is inactive in the dispersion per se but is activated in the extrudate by contact with said bath; said cross-linking agent being glyoxal.

Claim 9

Dependent Claim 12 words

A process according to claim 4, said polyvalent ions being calcium ions.

Claim 10

Dependent Claim 140 words

A process for producing shaped thin-walled articles from a shapable mass containing in aqueous dispersion at least one coagulable amphoteric high molecular organic substance such as coagulable animal protein, which comprises extruding the mass through a die that shapes it into the desired thin-walled form, passing the extrude into an aqueous coagulating bath; and in said bath coagulating said substance in the extrudate by effecting a change in the pH of said dispersion such that the isoelectric point of said substance is traversed, said dispersion containing sufficient polyvalent ions to inhibit formation in the extrudate of a barrier against ion penetration, said dispersion being acidic and said bath consisting essentially of a dilute solution of a hydroxide, said substance comprising collagen and said dispersion containing about 0.01-0.2 mols of calcium ion per liter and about 0.05-0.5% by weight of glyoxal.

Claim 11

Dependent Claim 140 words

A process for producing shaped thin-walled articles from a shapable mass containing in aqueous dispersion at least one coagulable amphoteric high molecular organic substance such as coagulable animal protein, which comprises extruding the mass through a die that shapes it into the desired thin-walled form, passing the extrude into an aqueous coagulating bath; and in said bath coagulating said substance in the extrudate by effecting a change in the pH of said dispersion such that the isoelectric point of said substance is traversed, said dispersion containing sufficient polyvalent ions to inhibit formation in the extrudate of a barrier against ion penetration, said dispersion being acidic and said bath consisting essentially of a dilute solution of a hydroxide, said substance comprising collagen and said dispersion containing about 0.01-0.2 mols of calcium ion per liter and about 0.05-0.5% by weight of glyoxal.

Claim 12

Dependent Claim 25 words

A process according to claim 2, or 8, said bath being an alkaline solution containing about 0.01 to about 1.0 mol of NaoH per liter.

Claim 13

Dependent Claim 24 words

A process according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, or 8, said extrudate being passed vertically upward from said die into said bath.

Claim 14

Dependent Claim 46 words

A process according to claim 10, and keeping said bath separate from said die by a layer of a liquid that is inert both to the bath and to the extrudate and is imiscible with and of higher specific gravity than the liquid of said bath.

Claim 15

Dependent Claim 32 words

A process according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, or 8, and subjecting the extrudate in said bath to a D.C. electric field applied transverse to the wall of the extrudate.

Claim 16

Dependent Claim 125 words

A process for producing sausage casings or like tubular products, which comprises forming a shapable acidic collagen paste containing about 2 to 6% by weight of collagen, about 0.01 to 0.2 mols of calcium ion per liter and about 0.05 to 0.5% by weight of glyoxal; extruding said paste through a die that shapes it into a thin-walled seamless tubular form; passing the extrudate from said die into a bath consisting essentially of a dilute aqueous solution of a hydroxide; and by the action of said bath effecting a change in the pH of the extrudate sufficient to change the state of charge on the particles thereof and cause reaction of the glyoxal therein, so as to coagulate and cross-link the collagen in the extrudate.

Claim 17

Dependent Claim 125 words

A process for producing sausage casings or like tubular products, which comprises forming a shapable acidic collagen paste containing about 2 to 6% by weight of collagen, about 0.01 to 0.2 mols of calcium ion per liter and about 0.05 to 0.5% by weight of glyoxal; extruding said paste through a die that shapes it into a thin-walled seamless tubular form; passing the extrudate from said die into a bath consisting essentially of a dilute aqueous solution of a hydroxide; and by the action of said bath effecting a change in the pH of the extrudate sufficient to change the state of charge on the particles thereof and cause reaction of the glyoxal therein, so as to coagulate and cross-link the collagen in the extrudate.

Claim 18

Dependent Claim 18 words

A process according to claim 13, said extrudate being passed vertically upward from said die into said bath.

Claim 19

Dependent Claim 39 words

A process according to claim 14, and as the extrudate is being formed and passed into said bath introducing a gas stream inside its tubular wall to keep it inflated and exposed both inside and outside to coagulating action.

Claim 20

Dependent Claim 15 words

A process according to claim 15, said gas stream containing ammonia for neutralizing the extrudate.

Claim 21

Dependent Claim 30 words

A process according to claim 13, 14, 15, or 16, and subjecting the extrudate in said bath to a D.c. electric field applied transverse to the wall of the extrudate.

Claim 22

Dependent Claim 52 words

Shaped thin-walled articles such as threads, membranes, sheets, or tubes, formed as extrudates of an aqueous dispersion containing and having coagulated therein in situ at least one amphoteric high molecular organic substance such as amphoteric animal protein, as produced by a process according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, or 8.

Claim 23

Dependent Claim 41 words

Shaped tubular articles suited for use as sausage casings, formed as extrudates of a collagen paste having the collagen therein coagulated in situ, as prepared by a process according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4,7,8, 13, 14, 15, 16, or 17.

Claim 24

Dependent Claim 31 words

Shaped tubular articles suited for use as sausage casings, formed as extrudates of a collagen paste containing calcium ions and glyoxal and having the collagen therein coagulated and cross-linked in situ.

Claim 25

Dependent Claim 31 words

Shaped tubular articles suited for use as sausage casings, formed as extrudates of a collagen paste containing calcium ions and glyoxal and having the collagen therein coagulated and cross-linked in situ.

Annuity Stage	Window Opens	Payment Deadline	Surcharge Period Until	Estimated Fee	Status
3.5 Years (Year 4)	1987-10-09	1988-04-09	1988-10-09	$2000.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8)	1991-10-09	1992-04-09	1992-10-09	$3760.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12)	1995-10-09	1996-04-09	1996-10-09	$7700.00	Window Closed / Lapsed

Processing masses of substantially organic material into shaped products and articles shaped accordingly

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