US4474580A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Combustion fuel additives comprising metal enolates
Assignee: MacKenzie Chemical Works Inc
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Filing: 1982-03-16
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Granted: 1984-10-02
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Expires: 2002-03-16
Abstract
Abstract An additive suitable for use in a combustion fuel comprising: (a) a complex of an iron enolate having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R, R 1 and R 2 are, individually, hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 22 carbon atoms or aryl in an amount effective to improve the combustion performance of the combustion fuel and, per part by weight of iron enolate; (b) 0.05 to 10 parts of a cerium enolate having the formula: ##STR2## wherein R, R 1 and R 2 are, individually, hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 22 carbon atoms or aryl; and (c) 5 to 150 parts of a solvent capable of rendering the iron enolate and the cerium enolate miscible with the combustion fuel.
Inventors
- 👤 Ian M. MacKenzie
- 👤 Alfred M. Vogel
- 👤 Joan Heiser
- 👤 Kenneth W. Bowers
- 👤 Mark Driscoll
- 👤 Angela M. Arettines
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-29 02:21
CPC Classifications
C; C10; C10L; C10L1/00; C10L1/10; C10L1/14; C10L1/18; C10L1/1814
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 41
Claim 1
Independent Claim
117 words
An additive suitable for use in a combustion fuel comprising: (a) a complex of an iron enolate having the formula: ##STR8## wherein R, R 1 and R 2 are, individually, hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 22 carbon atoms or aryl in an amount effective to improve the combustion performance of the combustion fuel and, per part by weight of iron enolate; (b) 0.05 to 10 parts of a cerium enolate having the formula: ##STR9## wherein R, R 1 and R 2 are, individually, hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 22 carbon atoms or aryl; and (c) 5 to 150 parts of a solvent capable of rendering the iron enolate and the cerium enolate miscible with the combustion fuel.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
117 words
An additive suitable for use in a combustion fuel comprising: (a) a complex of an iron enolate having the formula: ##STR8## wherein R, R 1 and R 2 are, individually, hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 22 carbon atoms or aryl in an amount effective to improve the combustion performance of the combustion fuel and, per part by weight of iron enolate; (b) 0.05 to 10 parts of a cerium enolate having the formula: ##STR9## wherein R, R 1 and R 2 are, individually, hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 22 carbon atoms or aryl; and (c) 5 to 150 parts of a solvent capable of rendering the iron enolate and the cerium enolate miscible with the combustion fuel.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
42 words
An additive according to claim 1 wherein the parts by weight of the cerium complex is 0.1 to 7 and the parts by weight of the solvent is 10 to 100 parts by weight per part by weight of the iron enolate.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
40 words
A combustion fuel additive according to claim 1 wherein the parts by weight of the cerium complex is 0.15 to 5 and the parts by weight of the solvent is 20 to 80 parts by weight of the iron enolate.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
15 words
A combustion fuel additive according to claim 1 wherein the iron enolate is iron acetylacetonate.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
19 words
A combustion fuel additive according to claim 1 wherein the iron enolate is a complex of iron and salicylaldehyde.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
15 words
A combustion fuel additive according to claim 1 wherein the cerium enolate is cerium acetylacetonate.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
19 words
A combustion fuel additive according to claim 1 wherein the cerium complex is a complex of cerium and salicylaldehyde.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
20 words
A combustion fuel additive according to claim 1 wherein the solvent is an alcohol having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
35 words
A combustion fuel additive according to claim 1 or 6 wherein the cerium enolate is hydrated and the solvent is a mixture of methyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol in a ratio of 3:7 to 3:2.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
15 words
A combustion fuel additive according to claim 1 wherein the solvent is a chlorinated hydrocarbon.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
17 words
A kerosene additive according to claim 1 further comprising 50 to 4000 parts of a hydrocarbon fuel.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
13 words
A kerosene additive according to claim 11 wherein the hydrocarbon fuel is kerosene.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
31 words
A diesel or gasoline fuel additive according to claim 1 further comprising 0.5 to 20 parts by weight dimethylformamide and 0.25 to 20 parts tricresyl phosphate per part of iron enolate.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
27 words
A diesel or gasoline fuel additive according to claim 13 further comprising 50 to 4000 parts by weight of a hydrocarbon fuel per part of iron enolate.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
15 words
A diesel fuel additive according to claim 14 wherein the hydrocarbon fuel is diesel fuel.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
13 words
A gasoline additive according to claim 14 wherein the hydrocarbon fuel is gasoline.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
31 words
A high pressure steam boiler fuel additive suitable for use with No. 6 fuel according to claim 1 further comprising 0.01 to 0.25 parts boric acid per part of iron enolate.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
17 words
A high pressure steam boiler fuel additive according to claim 17 wherein the solvent is an alcohol.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
35 words
A high pressure steam boiler fuel additive according to claim 18 wherein the cerium enolate is hydrated cerium acetylacetonate and the alcohol comprises methyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol in a ratio of 3:7 to 3:2.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
17 words
A high pressure steam boiler additive according to claim 18 wherein the solvent comprises mixed chlorinated hydrocarbons.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
28 words
A coal additive according to claim 17 or 20 wherein the amount of solvent is 50 to 250 parts by weight per part by weight of iron enolate.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
110 words
A combustion fuel additive suitable for use in kerosene heaters comprising: (a) a complex of an iron enolate having the formula: ##STR10## wherein R, R 1 and R 2 are, individually, hydrogen, alkyl or aryl in an amount effective to improve the combustion performance of the combustion fuel and, per part by weight of iron complex; (b) 0.05 to 10 parts of cerium enolate having the formula: ##STR11## wherein R, R 1 and R 2 are, individually, hydrogen, alkyl or aryl; (c) 50 to 4000 parts of kerosene; and (d) 5 to 150 parts of a mixture of methyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol in a ratio of 3:7 to 3:2.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
110 words
A combustion fuel additive suitable for use in kerosene heaters comprising: (a) a complex of an iron enolate having the formula: ##STR10## wherein R, R 1 and R 2 are, individually, hydrogen, alkyl or aryl in an amount effective to improve the combustion performance of the combustion fuel and, per part by weight of iron complex; (b) 0.05 to 10 parts of cerium enolate having the formula: ##STR11## wherein R, R 1 and R 2 are, individually, hydrogen, alkyl or aryl; (c) 50 to 4000 parts of kerosene; and (d) 5 to 150 parts of a mixture of methyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol in a ratio of 3:7 to 3:2.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
151 words
A combustion fuel additive suitable for use in diesel fuels comprising: (a) a complex of an iron enolate having the formula: ##STR12## wherein R, R 1 and R 2 are, individually, hydrogen, alkyl or aryl in an amount effective to improve the combustion performance of the combustion fuel and, per part by weight of iron complex; (b) 0.05 to 10 parts of a cerium enolate having the formula: ##STR13## wherein R, R 1 and R 2 are, individually, hydrogen, alkyl or aryl; and (c) 0.5 to 20 parts by weight of dimethylformamide per part of iron enolate; (d) 0.25 to 20 parts by weight of tricresyl phosphate per part of iron enolate; (e) 5 to 150 parts by weight of a mixture of methyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol in a ratio of 3:7 to 3:2, and (f) 50 to 4000 parts by weight of diesel fuel per part of iron enolate.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
151 words
A combustion fuel additive suitable for use in diesel fuels comprising: (a) a complex of an iron enolate having the formula: ##STR12## wherein R, R 1 and R 2 are, individually, hydrogen, alkyl or aryl in an amount effective to improve the combustion performance of the combustion fuel and, per part by weight of iron complex; (b) 0.05 to 10 parts of a cerium enolate having the formula: ##STR13## wherein R, R 1 and R 2 are, individually, hydrogen, alkyl or aryl; and (c) 0.5 to 20 parts by weight of dimethylformamide per part of iron enolate; (d) 0.25 to 20 parts by weight of tricresyl phosphate per part of iron enolate; (e) 5 to 150 parts by weight of a mixture of methyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol in a ratio of 3:7 to 3:2, and (f) 50 to 4000 parts by weight of diesel fuel per part of iron enolate.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
103 words
A combustion fuel additive suitable for use in gasoline comprising: (a) a complex of an iron enolate having the formula: ##STR14## wherein R, R 1 and R 2 are, individually, hydrogen, alkyl or aryl in an amount effective to improve the combustion performance of the combustion fuel and, per part by weight of cerium complex; and (b) 5 to 150 parts of a mixture of methyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol in a ratio of 3:7 to 3:2, and (c) 0.05 to 10 parts of cerium enolate having the formula: ##STR15## wherein R, R 1 and R 2 are, individually, hydrogen, alkyl or aryl.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
103 words
A combustion fuel additive suitable for use in gasoline comprising: (a) a complex of an iron enolate having the formula: ##STR14## wherein R, R 1 and R 2 are, individually, hydrogen, alkyl or aryl in an amount effective to improve the combustion performance of the combustion fuel and, per part by weight of cerium complex; and (b) 5 to 150 parts of a mixture of methyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol in a ratio of 3:7 to 3:2, and (c) 0.05 to 10 parts of cerium enolate having the formula: ##STR15## wherein R, R 1 and R 2 are, individually, hydrogen, alkyl or aryl.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
152 words
A combution fuel additive suitable for use in high pressure steam boiler fuel oils comprising: (a) a complex of an iron enolate having the formula: ##STR16## wherein R, R 1 and R 2 are, individually, hydrogen, alkyl or aryl in an amount effective to improve the combustion performance of the combustion fuel and, per part by weight of iron complex; (b) 0.05 to 10 parts of a cerium enolate having the formula: ##STR17## wherein R, R 1 and R 2 are, individually, hydrogen, alkyl or aryl; and (c) 5 to 150 parts by weight of a chlorinated hydrocarbon; (d) 0.01 to 0.25 parts by weight of boric acid per part iron enolate; (e) 55 to 125 parts by weight of No. 2 and No. 4 fuel oil per part by weight of iron enolate; and (f) 0.25 to 20 parts by weight of tricresyl phosphate per part by weight of iron enolate.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
152 words
A combution fuel additive suitable for use in high pressure steam boiler fuel oils comprising: (a) a complex of an iron enolate having the formula: ##STR16## wherein R, R 1 and R 2 are, individually, hydrogen, alkyl or aryl in an amount effective to improve the combustion performance of the combustion fuel and, per part by weight of iron complex; (b) 0.05 to 10 parts of a cerium enolate having the formula: ##STR17## wherein R, R 1 and R 2 are, individually, hydrogen, alkyl or aryl; and (c) 5 to 150 parts by weight of a chlorinated hydrocarbon; (d) 0.01 to 0.25 parts by weight of boric acid per part iron enolate; (e) 55 to 125 parts by weight of No. 2 and No. 4 fuel oil per part by weight of iron enolate; and (f) 0.25 to 20 parts by weight of tricresyl phosphate per part by weight of iron enolate.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
148 words
A combustion fuel additive suitable for use in coal burners comprising: (a) a complex of an iron enolate having the formula: ##STR18## wherein R, R 1 and R 2 are, individually, hydrogen, alkyl or aryl in an amount effective to improve the combustion performance of the combustion fuel and, per part by weight of iron complex; (b) 0.05 to 10 parts of a cerium enolate having the formula: ##STR19## wherein R, R 1 and R 2 are, individually, hydrogen, alkyl or aryl; and (c) 20 to 80 parts by weight of a chlorinated hydrocarbon; (d) 0.1 to 0.25 parts by weight of boric acid per part iron enolate; (e) 55 to 125 parts by weight of No. 2 and No. 4 fuel oil per part by weight of iron enolate; and (f) 0.25 to 20 parts by weight of tricresyl phosphate per part by weight of iron enolate.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
148 words
A combustion fuel additive suitable for use in coal burners comprising: (a) a complex of an iron enolate having the formula: ##STR18## wherein R, R 1 and R 2 are, individually, hydrogen, alkyl or aryl in an amount effective to improve the combustion performance of the combustion fuel and, per part by weight of iron complex; (b) 0.05 to 10 parts of a cerium enolate having the formula: ##STR19## wherein R, R 1 and R 2 are, individually, hydrogen, alkyl or aryl; and (c) 20 to 80 parts by weight of a chlorinated hydrocarbon; (d) 0.1 to 0.25 parts by weight of boric acid per part iron enolate; (e) 55 to 125 parts by weight of No. 2 and No. 4 fuel oil per part by weight of iron enolate; and (f) 0.25 to 20 parts by weight of tricresyl phosphate per part by weight of iron enolate.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
129 words
A combustion fuel additive suitable for use in low pressure steam boiler fuel oil comprising: (a) a complex of an iron enolate having the formula: ##STR20## wherein R, R 1 and R 2 are, individually, hydrogen, alkyl or aryl and, per part by weight of iron complex; (b) 0.05 to 10 parts of a cerium enolate having the formula: ##STR21## wherein R, R 1 and R 2 are, individually, hydrogen, alkyl or aryl; and (c) 5 to 150 parts by weight of a mixture of methyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol in a ratio of 3:7 to 3:2; and (d) 0.25 to 20 parts by weight of tricresyl phosphate per part of iron enolate; and (e) 50 to 150 parts by weight of a low pressure steam boiler fuel oil.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
129 words
A combustion fuel additive suitable for use in low pressure steam boiler fuel oil comprising: (a) a complex of an iron enolate having the formula: ##STR20## wherein R, R 1 and R 2 are, individually, hydrogen, alkyl or aryl and, per part by weight of iron complex; (b) 0.05 to 10 parts of a cerium enolate having the formula: ##STR21## wherein R, R 1 and R 2 are, individually, hydrogen, alkyl or aryl; and (c) 5 to 150 parts by weight of a mixture of methyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol in a ratio of 3:7 to 3:2; and (d) 0.25 to 20 parts by weight of tricresyl phosphate per part of iron enolate; and (e) 50 to 150 parts by weight of a low pressure steam boiler fuel oil.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
49 words
A combustion fuel additive comprising: (a) cerium acetylacetonate in an amount effective to improve the combustion performance of the combustion fuel; and (b) methyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol in a ratio of 3:7 to 3:2 in an amount effective to render the cerium acetylacetonate miscible in the combustion fuel.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
49 words
A combustion fuel additive comprising: (a) cerium acetylacetonate in an amount effective to improve the combustion performance of the combustion fuel; and (b) methyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol in a ratio of 3:7 to 3:2 in an amount effective to render the cerium acetylacetonate miscible in the combustion fuel.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
12 words
A combustion fuel containing the combustion fuel additive according to claim 1.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
23 words
A combustion fuel according to claim 29 wherein the amount of iron enolate is 0.000005 to 0.05% by weight of the combustion fuel.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
23 words
A combustion fuel according to claim 30 wherein the amount of iron enolate is 0.00001 to 0.03% by weight of the combustion fuel.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
23 words
A combustion fuel according to claim 31 wherein the amount of iron enolate is 0.00003 to 0.02% by weight of the combustion fuel.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
12 words
A combustion fuel containing the combustion fuel additive according to claim 28.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1987-10-02 | 1988-04-02 | 1988-10-02 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1991-10-02 | 1992-04-02 | 1992-10-02 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1995-10-02 | 1996-04-02 | 1996-10-02 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |