US4459511A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Maser
Assignee: Individual
•
Filing: 1982-05-11
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Granted: 1984-07-10
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Expires: 2002-05-11
Abstract
Abstract A method and apparatus for generating microwave radiation includes a cathode, comprising parallel side wall means, a first end wall and a second end wall parallel to the first end wall, which defines a space. An aperture is defined within each of the end walls. An elongated anode extends across the defined space and outwardly through the apertures. Free electrons are generated adjacent to the anode and a positive potential is applied between the cathode and the anode. Electrons are trapped in a surrounding relation with the anode and microwave radiation is generated. In an alternate embodiment, a pair of spaced-apart radial steps in the radius of the anode is used to replace the first and second end walls to form electrostatic mirrors for confining free electrons therebetween.
Inventors
- 👤 Igor Alexeff
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-07 12:56
CPC Classifications
H; H01; H01S; H01S1/00
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 19
Claim 1
Independent Claim
129 words
A system for generating microwave radiation comprising: an elongate anode; a cathode disposed in a spaced-apart relationship with said anode; means for supplying a selected positive voltage potential to said anode relative to said cathode; means for generating free electrons adjacent to said anode for rotation thereabout; a microwave cavity resonator at least partially encompassing said anode; at least first and second electrostatic mirrors formed at spaced-apart first and second positions, respectively, along said anode for electrostatically trapping free electrons rotating about said anode between said first and second electrostatic mirrors to electrostatically produce a phase bunching in orbit of the electrons and to emit microwave radiation from the microwave cavity resonator; and said microwave cavity resonator containing the microwaves to interact with the electrons rotating about said anode.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
129 words
A system for generating microwave radiation comprising: an elongate anode; a cathode disposed in a spaced-apart relationship with said anode; means for supplying a selected positive voltage potential to said anode relative to said cathode; means for generating free electrons adjacent to said anode for rotation thereabout; a microwave cavity resonator at least partially encompassing said anode; at least first and second electrostatic mirrors formed at spaced-apart first and second positions, respectively, along said anode for electrostatically trapping free electrons rotating about said anode between said first and second electrostatic mirrors to electrostatically produce a phase bunching in orbit of the electrons and to emit microwave radiation from the microwave cavity resonator; and said microwave cavity resonator containing the microwaves to interact with the electrons rotating about said anode.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
13 words
The system of claim 1 wherein said microwave cavity resonator comprises said cathode.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
15 words
The system of claim 1 wherein said means for generating free electrons comprises said anode.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
24 words
The system of claim 1 wherein said cathode is configured to at least partially encompass said anode to function as said microwave cavity resonator.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
42 words
The system of claim 1 wherein said first and second electrostatic mirrors comprise first and second structures formed on said anode in a configuration for producing electrostatic mirrors on said anode for confining electrons between said first structure and said second structure.
Claim 7
Independent Claim
127 words
A system for generating microwave radiation comprising: an elongate anode; a cathode disposed in a spaced-apart relationship with said anode; means for supplying a selected positive voltage potential to said anode relative to said cathode; means for generating free electrons adjacent to said anode for rotation thereabout; a microwave cavity resonator at least partially encompassing said anode; at least first and second electrostatic mirrors formed at spaced-apart first and second positions, respectively, along said anode for confining free electrons rotating about said anode between said first and second electrostatic mirrors, whereby microwave radiation is emitted from the microwave cavity resonator; and said first and second electrostatic mirrors comprising first and second steps formed in said anode, the cross-section of said anode being abruptly changed at said steps.
Claim 8
Independent Claim
127 words
A system for generating microwave radiation comprising: an elongate anode; a cathode disposed in a spaced-apart relationship with said anode; means for supplying a selected positive voltage potential to said anode relative to said cathode; means for generating free electrons adjacent to said anode for rotation thereabout; a microwave cavity resonator at least partially encompassing said anode; at least first and second electrostatic mirrors formed at spaced-apart first and second positions, respectively, along said anode for confining free electrons rotating about said anode between said first and second electrostatic mirrors, whereby microwave radiation is emitted from the microwave cavity resonator; and said first and second electrostatic mirrors comprising first and second steps formed in said anode, the cross-section of said anode being abruptly changed at said steps.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
53 words
The system of claim 6 wherein said anode comprises a wire and said first and second steps comprise first and second radial steps formed in said wire whereby the radius of said wire changes abruptly at said radial steps to form an electrostatic mirror when a voltage potential is applied to said wire.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
19 words
The system of claim 1 wherein more than two electrostatic mirrors are formed at spaced-apart positions along said anode.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
27 words
The system of claim 6 wherein said anode is a metallic wire having at least first and second electro-chemically etched steps in the radius of said wire.
Claim 12
Independent Claim
157 words
A system for generating microwave radiation comprising: an elongate anode; a cathode disposed in a spaced-apart substantially parallel relationship with said anode and being configured to at least partially encompass said anode to form a microwave cavity resonator; a vacuum chamber for containing said anode and cathode; a window formed in said vacuum chamber for emitting microwave radiation from said vacuum chamber; means for supplying a positive voltage potential to said anode relative to said cathode to produce free electrons rotating about said anode; at least first and second electrostatic mirrors formed at spaced-apart first and second positions, respectively, along said anode for electrostatically trapping free electrons rotating about said anode between said first and second electrostatic mirrors to electrostatically produce a phase bunching in orbit of the electrons and to emit microwave radiation at said anode from said window; and said cathode forming a cavity for containing microwaves to interact with the electrons surrounding said anode.
Claim 13
Independent Claim
157 words
A system for generating microwave radiation comprising: an elongate anode; a cathode disposed in a spaced-apart substantially parallel relationship with said anode and being configured to at least partially encompass said anode to form a microwave cavity resonator; a vacuum chamber for containing said anode and cathode; a window formed in said vacuum chamber for emitting microwave radiation from said vacuum chamber; means for supplying a positive voltage potential to said anode relative to said cathode to produce free electrons rotating about said anode; at least first and second electrostatic mirrors formed at spaced-apart first and second positions, respectively, along said anode for electrostatically trapping free electrons rotating about said anode between said first and second electrostatic mirrors to electrostatically produce a phase bunching in orbit of the electrons and to emit microwave radiation at said anode from said window; and said cathode forming a cavity for containing microwaves to interact with the electrons surrounding said anode.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
54 words
The system of claim 10 wherein said means for supplying a positive voltage comprises: a positive power supply; an insulated lead-in wire connected between said positive power supply and said anode to apply a positive voltage potential thereto relative to said cathode; and means for electrically interconnecting said positive power supply and said cathode.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
62 words
The system of claim 11 wherein said vacuum chamber comprises: a glass T-tube having first, second and third branches; a pump out aperture formed in the first branch of said T-tube; said window being disposed in the second branch of said T-tube; a high voltage insulated lead-in wire being disposed in the third branch of said T-tube and extending to said anode.
Claim 16
Independent Claim
171 words
A system for generating microwave radiation comprising: an elongate anode; a cathode disposed in a spaced-apart substantially parallel relationship with said anode and being configured to at least partially encompass said anode to form a microwave cavity resonator; a vacuum chamber for containing said anode and cathode; a window formed in said vacuum chamber for emitting microwave radiation from said vacuum chamber; means for supplying a positive voltage potential to said anode relative to said cathode to produce free electrons rotating about said anode; at least first and second electostatic mirrors formed at spaced-apart first and second positions, respectively, along said anode for confining free electrons rotating about said anode between said first and second electrostatic mirrors whereby microwave radiation is generated at said anode and is emitted from said window; said first and second electrostatic mirrors comprising first and second steps in the cross-sectional dimensions of said anode sufficient to form electrostatic mirrors at said steps when a positive voltage potential is applied to said anode relative to said cathode.
Claim 17
Independent Claim
171 words
A system for generating microwave radiation comprising: an elongate anode; a cathode disposed in a spaced-apart substantially parallel relationship with said anode and being configured to at least partially encompass said anode to form a microwave cavity resonator; a vacuum chamber for containing said anode and cathode; a window formed in said vacuum chamber for emitting microwave radiation from said vacuum chamber; means for supplying a positive voltage potential to said anode relative to said cathode to produce free electrons rotating about said anode; at least first and second electostatic mirrors formed at spaced-apart first and second positions, respectively, along said anode for confining free electrons rotating about said anode between said first and second electrostatic mirrors whereby microwave radiation is generated at said anode and is emitted from said window; said first and second electrostatic mirrors comprising first and second steps in the cross-sectional dimensions of said anode sufficient to form electrostatic mirrors at said steps when a positive voltage potential is applied to said anode relative to said cathode.
Claim 18
Independent Claim
100 words
A method for producing microwave radiation comprising: producing a microwave cavity resonator; producing free electrons adjacent an elongate anode disposed within the microwave cavity resonator; causing the free electrons to rotate about the elongate anode; producing first and second electrostatic mirrors at first and second spaced apart positions along the anode; electrostatically trapping the free electrons rotating about the anode between the first and second electrostatic mirrors; electrostatically producing phase bunching in orbit of the trapped electrons; emitting microwave radiation from the microwave cavity resonator; and containing the microwaves within the microwave cavity resonator to interact with the trapped electrons.
Claim 19
Independent Claim
100 words
A method for producing microwave radiation comprising: producing a microwave cavity resonator; producing free electrons adjacent an elongate anode disposed within the microwave cavity resonator; causing the free electrons to rotate about the elongate anode; producing first and second electrostatic mirrors at first and second spaced apart positions along the anode; electrostatically trapping the free electrons rotating about the anode between the first and second electrostatic mirrors; electrostatically producing phase bunching in orbit of the trapped electrons; emitting microwave radiation from the microwave cavity resonator; and containing the microwaves within the microwave cavity resonator to interact with the trapped electrons.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1987-07-10 | 1988-01-09 | 1988-07-10 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1991-07-10 | 1992-01-09 | 1992-07-10 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1995-07-10 | 1996-01-09 | 1996-07-10 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |