Optical coupling system and method for manufacturing same

Claim 2

An optical coupler and a generally cylindrical fiber-optic waveguide having a substantially planar end face, said optical coupler comprising a homogenous silica rod having a generally cylindrical portion having a length y and a diameter substantially equal to the diameter of said generally cylindrical waveguide, said homogenous silica rod having a substantially planar end face at one end fused to the substantially planar end face of said fiber-optic waveguide, a hemispherical lens surface formed at the other end of said homogenous silica rod having an axial length between a range of r and 2/3r, y+r being greater than the diameter of said fiber-optic waveguide.

Claim 3

An optical coupler and a waveguide as recited in claim 1 wherein said fiber-optic waveguide comprises monomode fiber having a relatively small core.

Claim 4

An optical coupler and a waveguide as recited in claim 1 wherein y is approximately equal to ##EQU3## where r is the radius of the hemispherical lens surface and waveguide, n is the index of refraction of the homogenous silica rod, W e is calculated from ##EQU4## where α e is the emission angle of a light source and λ is the wavelength of the light emitted from that source and W f is calculated from ##EQU5## where α f is the acceptance angle of said waveguide.

Claim 5

An optical coupler and a waveguide as recited in claim 1 wherein said hemispherical lens surface is adjacent the light emitting surface of a light source and wherein the distance X between the end of the cylindrical portion adjacent the hemispherical lens surface and the light emitting surface is approximately equal to ##EQU6## where r is the radius of the hemispherical lens surface and waveguide, n is the index of refraction of the homogenous silica rod, W e is calculated from ##EQU7## where α e is the emission angle of a light source and λ is the wavelength of the light emitted from that source and W f is calculated from ##EQU8## where α f is the acceptance angle of said waveguide.

Claim 6

An optical coupler and a waveguide as recited in claim 1 wherein said hemispherical lens surface is adjacent the light sensitive surface of a receiver and wherein the distance X between the end of the cylindrical portion adjacent the hemispherical lens surface and the light sensitive surface is approximately equal to ##EQU9## where r is the radius of the hemispherical lens surface and waveguide, n is the index of refraction of the homogenous silica rod, W e is calculated from ##EQU10## where α e is the emission angle of a light source and λ is the wavelength of the light emitted from that source and W f is calculated from ##EQU11## where α f is the acceptance angle of said waveguide.

Claim 7

An optical coupler and a waveguide as recited in claim 1 in combination with another optical coupler and another generally cylindrical fiber-optic waveguide having a substantially planar end face, said another optical coupler comprising another homogenous silica rod having a generally cylindrical portion with a length y and a diameter substantially equal to the diameter of said another generally cylindrical waveguide, said another homogenous silica rod having a substantially planar end face at one end fused to the substantially planar end face of said another waveguide, said another homogenous silica rod having a hemispherical lens surface formed at its other end which surface has an axial length r, y+r being greater than the diameter of said another fiber-optic waveguide, said hemispherical lens surfaces being aligned adjacent each other and the distance X separating the ends of the cylindrical portions adjacent the hemispherical lens surfaces being approximately equal to ##EQU12## where r is the radius of the hemispherical lens surface and waveguide, n is the index of refraction of the homogenous silica rod, W e is calculated from ##EQU13## where α e is the emisson angle of a light source and λ is the wavelength of the light emitted from that source and W f is calculated from ##EQU14## where α f is the acceptance angle of said waveguide.