US4439302A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Redox mediation and hydrogen-generation with bipyridinium reagents
Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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Filing: 1981-11-24
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Granted: 1984-03-27
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Expires: 2001-11-24
Abstract
Abstract A variety of redox mediating agents employing bipyridinium reagents and such reagents in conjunction with dispersed noble metals, such as platinium, are disclosed as coatings for substrates and electrodes. The agents may be charged by an applied voltage or by photoelectric effects or may be equilibrated with hydrogen. The agents are useful in reducing biological materials and electrolytic hydrogen production.
Inventors
- 👤 Mark S. Wrighton
- 👤 Dana C. Bookbinder
- 👤 James A. Bruce
- 👤 Raymond N. Dominey
- 👤 Nathan S. Lewis
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-26 14:53
CPC Classifications
H; H01; H01M; H01M4/00; H01M4/86; H01M4/90; H01M4/9008; C; C25; C25B; C25B1/00; C25B1/50; C25B1/55; C09; C09K; C09K2323/00; C09K2323/04; Y; Y02; Y02E; Y02E60/00; Y02E60/30; Y02E60/50
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 15
Claim 1
Independent Claim
42 words
An apparatus for redox mediation comprising: (a) a substrate; (b) a substrate bound reagent comprising molecules having a redox-active bipyridinium center and binding groups which permit substrate-binding and cross-linking; and (c) at least one noble metal catalyst dispersed within the substrate-bound reagent.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
42 words
An apparatus for redox mediation comprising: (a) a substrate; (b) a substrate bound reagent comprising molecules having a redox-active bipyridinium center and binding groups which permit substrate-binding and cross-linking; and (c) at least one noble metal catalyst dispersed within the substrate-bound reagent.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
14 words
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the anchoring substrate comprises a glass reactor vessel.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
16 words
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the anchoring substrate comprises a high surface area support structure.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
11 words
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the noble metal comprises platinum.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
11 words
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the noble metal comprises gold.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
11 words
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the noble metal comprises paladium.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
11 words
The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the substrate is an electrode.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
10 words
The apparatus of claim 7 wherein the electrode comprises platinum.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
10 words
The apparatus of claim 7 wherein the electrode comprises gold.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
12 words
The apparatus of claim 7 wherein the electrode comprises a p-type semiconductor.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
10 words
The apparatus of claim 10 wherein the semiconductor is silicon.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
11 words
The apparatus of claim 10 wherein the semiconductor is indium phosphide.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
11 words
The apparatus of claim 10 wherein the semiconductor is gallium arsenide.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
19 words
The apparatus of claim 7 wherein the apparatus further comprises a noble metal catalyst dispersed within the bipyridinium reagent.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US3923645A
Cited
US4361497A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1987-03-27 | 1987-09-26 | 1988-03-27 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1991-03-27 | 1991-09-26 | 1992-03-27 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1995-03-27 | 1995-09-26 | 1996-03-27 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |