US4422917A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Electrode material, electrode and electrochemical cell
Assignee: Denso Marston Ltd
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Filing: 1981-08-18
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Granted: 1983-12-27
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Expires: 2001-08-18
Abstract
Abstract The invention provides an electrode material, and a method for its manufacture, for use in electrochemical reactions comprising bulk titanium oxide having the general formula TiO x where x is from 1.55 to 1.95 and also electrochemical cells including an electrode formed from such a material.
Inventors
- 👤 Peter C. S. Hayfield
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-06 00:39
CPC Classifications
C; C25; C25C; C25C7/00; C25C7/02; C04; C04B; C04B35/00; C04B35/01; C04B35/46; C25B; C25B11/00; C25B11/04; C25B11/042; C25B11/051; C25B11/055; C02; C02F; C02F1/00; C02F1/46; C02F1/461; C02F1/46104; C02F1/46109; C04B2235/00; C04B2235/65; C04B2235/652; C04B2235/656; C04B2235/6567; C04B2235/658; C04B2235/6582; C04B2235/70; C04B2235/74; C04B2235/79; C04B2235/94
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 29
Claim 1
Independent Claim
39 words
An electrochemical cell incorporating an electrode in which the electrode is formed from an electrode material of solid coherent bulk titanium oxide having the general formula TiO x where x is a number in the region 1.67 to 1.9.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
39 words
An electrochemical cell incorporating an electrode in which the electrode is formed from an electrode material of solid coherent bulk titanium oxide having the general formula TiO x where x is a number in the region 1.67 to 1.9.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
26 words
A cell as in claim 1 furher characterized in that x is in a range selected from the groups 1.67 to 1.85 and 1.7 to 1.8.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
30 words
A cell as in claim 2 in which the titanium oxide is selected from the group consisting of predominantly Ti 4 O 7 and predominantly Ti 5 O 9 .
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
25 words
A cell as in claim 1 in which there is provided an electrocatalytically active surface on part at least of the surface of the electrode.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
36 words
A cell as in claim 4 in which the electrocatalytically active surface includes a material selected from the group consisting of platinum group metals, platinum group metal alloys, platinum group metal oxides, lead and lead dioxide.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
27 words
A cell as in claim 4 in which the cell is used for metal electrowinning and the anodes in the cell are formed of the electrode material.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
34 words
A cell as in claim 6 in which the metal to be electrowon is selected from the group consisting of zinc, cobalt, manganese, copper, nickel, gold, platinum, silver, rhodium, ruthenium, palladium, osmium and iridium.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
32 words
A cell as claimed in claim 4 in which the cell is a metal plating cell, the metal being plated being selected from the group consisting of nickel, chromium, cadmium and iron.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
19 words
A cell as in claim 1 in which the electrode is formed of a range of titanium oxide compositions.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
21 words
A cell as in claim 1 in which the cell comprises a cathodic protection system and the electrode comprises an anode.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
15 words
A cell as in claim 10 in which the anode is a ground bed anode.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
37 words
A cell as in claim 1 in which the cell is a bipolar cell and the bipolar electrode is formed of the titanium oxide material, preferably having a coating on one or both of its active faces.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
41 words
A cell as in claim 12 in which the cell comprises a plurality of bipolar electrodes assembled in an array, the cell being a chlorate or hypochlorite cell having an aqueous sodium chloride feed and a chlorate or hypochlorite removal system.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
17 words
A cell as in claim 12 in which the current passing through the cell is periodically reversed.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
19 words
A cell as in claim 1 in which the current passing through the cell is periodically reversed in direction.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
35 words
A cell as in claim 1 in which the electrode is formed of a series of tiles of the titanium oxide material, each tile being bonded to a substrate metal by an electrically conductive joint.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
22 words
A cell as claimed in claim 1 in which the cell is used for the synthesis of organic compounds or inorganic compounds.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
34 words
A cell as claimed in claim 1 in which the cell is an electrode boiler and alternating current is applied to the cell to boil liquids between the electrodes formed of the electrode material.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
51 words
An electode for use in an electrochemical cell, the electrode consisting essentially of a solid coherent bulk titanium oxide having the general formula TiO x where x is a number in the region 1.67 to 1.9 and an electrocatalytically active surface or part at least of the surface of the electrode.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
51 words
An electode for use in an electrochemical cell, the electrode consisting essentially of a solid coherent bulk titanium oxide having the general formula TiO x where x is a number in the region 1.67 to 1.9 and an electrocatalytically active surface or part at least of the surface of the electrode.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
25 words
An electrode as in claim 19 in which the electrode is in the form of a plate with electrocatalytically active material on one side only.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
37 words
An electrode as in claim 20 in which the electrode material is manufactured by reducing titanium dioxide in a reducing atmosphere at a temperature in excess of 1000° C. for a time in excess of one hour.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
17 words
An electrode as in claim 21 in which the reduction takes place in an atmosphere of hydrogen.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
44 words
An electrode based on titanium in which all the titanium is present in the form of an oxide having the general formula TiO x where x is a number in the region 1.67 to 1.8, the electrode being a solid coherent bulk titanium oxide.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
44 words
An electrode based on titanium in which all the titanium is present in the form of an oxide having the general formula TiO x where x is a number in the region 1.67 to 1.8, the electrode being a solid coherent bulk titanium oxide.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
37 words
An electrode as in claim 23 in which the electrode material is manufactured by reducing titanium dioxide in a reducing atmosphere at a temperature in excess of 1000° C. for a time in excess of one hour.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
60 words
An electrode having a substrate consisting only of a metal in oxide form, the metal being titanium and the oxide having a general formula of TiO x where x is in the region 1.67 to 1.8, the oxide being in solid coherent bulk form and having an electrolytically active surface on part at least of the surface of the electrode.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
60 words
An electrode having a substrate consisting only of a metal in oxide form, the metal being titanium and the oxide having a general formula of TiO x where x is in the region 1.67 to 1.8, the oxide being in solid coherent bulk form and having an electrolytically active surface on part at least of the surface of the electrode.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1986-12-26 | 1987-06-27 | 1987-12-27 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1990-12-26 | 1991-06-27 | 1991-12-27 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1994-12-26 | 1995-06-27 | 1995-12-27 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |