US4421848A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Method of detecting the presence of live organisms in substances
Assignee: HUGHES WHITLOCK Ltd
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Filing: 1981-03-30
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Granted: 1983-12-20
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Expires: 2001-03-30
Abstract
Abstract The substance to be tested is premixed by gentle agitation in a glass cuvette with an excess of firefly essence and with a buffer solution and cutting agent, so that any live organisms present are still alive and intact after the mixing has taken place. This gentle agitation is carried out by means of a vibratory tissue disintegrator 11 with the cuvette placed in a container 14 at one end of a reed 13 vibrated by an electromagnet 22. After this the cuvette is violently agitated by the vibratory tissue disintegrator 11 so that the cells are disrupted of any living organisms in the substance, to cause release of about one hundred ATP molecules per cell. Because of the pre-mixing, all or most of the ATP molecules react with the firefly essence almost immediately upon release from the cell, to produce a burst of light which can be distinguished from individual photons produced by stray ATP molecules and from noise within the apparatus.
Inventors
- 👤 Gerald D. Whitlock
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-25 12:55
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01N; G01N21/00; G01N21/75; G01N21/76; C; C12; C12Q; C12Q1/00; C12Q1/66
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 15
Claim 1
Independent Claim
88 words
A method of detecting the presence of live organisms in a substance, comprising the steps of gently and completely mixing said live organisms with a light-photon-producing reagent which is capable of producing photons when contacted with ATP and then violently agitating the mixture to cause each organism to be disrupted, release ATP and produce a burst of light photons and detecting the bursts of light photons said reagent being present in an amount sufficient to allow substantially all ATP upon release to react almost immediately with said reagent.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
88 words
A method of detecting the presence of live organisms in a substance, comprising the steps of gently and completely mixing said live organisms with a light-photon-producing reagent which is capable of producing photons when contacted with ATP and then violently agitating the mixture to cause each organism to be disrupted, release ATP and produce a burst of light photons and detecting the bursts of light photons said reagent being present in an amount sufficient to allow substantially all ATP upon release to react almost immediately with said reagent.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
105 words
In a method of detecting the presence of live organisms in a substance employing the steps of disrupting said organisms by treatment of the substance so that certain constituents of said organisms are released, bringing said constituents into close relationship with a light-photon-producing reagent so that photons of light are produced and detecting said photons of light, the improvement comprising the steps of: gently and completely mixing said organisms with said reagent prior to said organisms becoming suddenly disrupted by violent agitation so that each disruption of a live organism causes production of a burst of light photons and detecting the bursts of light photons.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
105 words
In a method of detecting the presence of live organisms in a substance employing the steps of disrupting said organisms by treatment of the substance so that certain constituents of said organisms are released, bringing said constituents into close relationship with a light-photon-producing reagent so that photons of light are produced and detecting said photons of light, the improvement comprising the steps of: gently and completely mixing said organisms with said reagent prior to said organisms becoming suddenly disrupted by violent agitation so that each disruption of a live organism causes production of a burst of light photons and detecting the bursts of light photons.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
179 words
In a method of detecting the presence of live organisms in a substance wherein treatment of the substance is carried out in such a way that all or most of the live organisms are disrupted to release certain constituents; the substance is mixed with a reagent adapted to cause the production of light photons upon contact with said constituents of disrupted live organisms; and said light photons are detected; the improvement comprising the steps of: gently and completely mixing the substance with the reagent in an amount sufficient to allow substantially all of said constituents upon release to react almost immediately with said reagent prior to said treatment of the substance so that the live organisms while still intact come into intimate contact with the reagent, and employing a disrupting agent which is ineffective until said treatment occurs, said disrupting agent being mixed with the substance and with the reagent prior to said treatment of the substance and wherein said treatment comprises violently agitating said organisms to disrupt them, release the constituents and produce a burst of light photons.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
179 words
In a method of detecting the presence of live organisms in a substance wherein treatment of the substance is carried out in such a way that all or most of the live organisms are disrupted to release certain constituents; the substance is mixed with a reagent adapted to cause the production of light photons upon contact with said constituents of disrupted live organisms; and said light photons are detected; the improvement comprising the steps of: gently and completely mixing the substance with the reagent in an amount sufficient to allow substantially all of said constituents upon release to react almost immediately with said reagent prior to said treatment of the substance so that the live organisms while still intact come into intimate contact with the reagent, and employing a disrupting agent which is ineffective until said treatment occurs, said disrupting agent being mixed with the substance and with the reagent prior to said treatment of the substance and wherein said treatment comprises violently agitating said organisms to disrupt them, release the constituents and produce a burst of light photons.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
13 words
A method as claimed in claim 3 wherein said reagent is firefly essence.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
19 words
A method as claimed in claim 3 wherein the disruption is caused by violent agitation with a disrupting agent.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
25 words
A method as claimed in claim 5 wherein the disrupting agent is selected from the group consisting of aluminium oxide, ballotini beads, sand and carborundum.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
20 words
A method as claimed in claim 3 wherein each detected photon produces an electrical pulse output from a photon detector.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
61 words
A method as claimed in claim 7 wherein a timed period is commenced in response to an electrical pulse from the photon detector and the number of electrical output pulses from the detector in the timed period is counted by a fast counter, to be recorded as a single event in a slow counter if said number exceeds a threshold value.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
72 words
A method as claimed in claim 3 wherein spurious signal outputs due to "noise" and impurity ATP are distinguished from a burst of photons produced upon disruption of a live cell or number of cells by counting the photons detected in a short timed period commencing with an initial detected photon, and recording the count as one disrupted live cell or number of cells if the count is above a predetermined minimum.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
41 words
A method as claimed in claim 3 wherein a plurality of spatially distributed detectors are used to detect photons and wherein only substantially simultaneous outputs from all or at least some of said detectors are counted as a disrupted live cell.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
147 words
In a method of detecting the presence of live organisms in a substance comprising the steps of: treatment of the substance in such a way that all or most of the live organisms are disrupted; mixing the substance with a reagent adapted to cause the production of light photons upon contact with certain constituents of disrupted live organisms; and detecting said light photons; the improvement comprising the steps of mixing the substance with a firefly essence reagent in an amount sufficient to allow substantially all of said constituents upon release to react almost immediately with said reagent prior to said treatment of the substance so that the live organisms while still intact come into intimate contact with the reagent, and that a disrupting agent which is ineffective until said treatment occurs is mixed with the substance and with the reagent prior to said treatment of the substance.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
147 words
In a method of detecting the presence of live organisms in a substance comprising the steps of: treatment of the substance in such a way that all or most of the live organisms are disrupted; mixing the substance with a reagent adapted to cause the production of light photons upon contact with certain constituents of disrupted live organisms; and detecting said light photons; the improvement comprising the steps of mixing the substance with a firefly essence reagent in an amount sufficient to allow substantially all of said constituents upon release to react almost immediately with said reagent prior to said treatment of the substance so that the live organisms while still intact come into intimate contact with the reagent, and that a disrupting agent which is ineffective until said treatment occurs is mixed with the substance and with the reagent prior to said treatment of the substance.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1986-12-19 | 1987-06-20 | 1987-12-20 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1990-12-19 | 1991-06-20 | 1991-12-20 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1994-12-19 | 1995-06-20 | 1995-12-20 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |