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US4420441A Expired / Lapsed US ⏱️ 0.0 years remaining

Method of making a two-phase or multi-phase metallic material

Assignee: BTG International Ltd
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Filing: 1983-02-15
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Granted: 1983-12-13
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Expires: 2003-02-15
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Abstract

Abstract A two-phase material comprises a higher-melting phase dispersed in a lower-melting matrix. The material made by the method is new since, although it consists of particles of a higher-melting-point phase (e.g. iron) dispersed in a lower-melting-point matrix (e.g. aluminium), the particles being of a material soluble in the matrix at the melting-point of the matrix, no perceptible dissolution of the particles is evident in the material. Such materials may find application as friction materials, for example, in brake pads, stair edging, decking and industrial flooring. The method comprises forming a spray of molten matrix material, introducing the particles into the spray, and directing the spray onto a colder surface to solidify the matrix spray and form the multi-phase material; the method is particularly characterized in that the temperature of the spray is below the melting point of the particles, with the result that, despite the notional solubility of the particles material, no perceptible dissolution of the particles occurs. Rapid solidification is helpful in assisting to achieve this result. Thus, the particles are in contact with molten material for a duration of preferably not more than 100 ms. To ensure this, the cooling rate of the matrix in the region of the solidus is preferably at least 10 3 K/s, more preferably at least 10 4 K/s.

Inventors

  • 👤 Alfred R. E. Singer

Bibliographic Details

Application Number —
Jurisdiction US
Data Source google_patents
Last Synchronized 2026-10-25 03:18
CPC Classifications
B; B22; B22F; B22F9/00; B22F9/02; B22F9/06; B22F9/08; B22F9/082; C; C23; C23C; C23C24/00; C23C24/02; C23C24/04; C23C4/00; C23C4/04; C23C4/12; C23C4/123; F; F16; F16D; F16D69/00; F16D69/02; F16D69/027; B22F2009/086; B22F2009/0868; Y; Y10; Y10T; Y10T29/00; Y10T29/49; Y10T29/4998; Y10T29/49982; Y10T29/49984

Claims Analysis

Total Claims: 18
Claim 1
Independent Claim 116 words
A method of making a multi-phase metallic material comprising elemental or metallic particles of a high-melting-point phase dispersed in a lower-melting-point metallic matrix phase (the particles being of a material which would be soluble under equilibrium conditions in the matrix material at the melting point of the matrix material), wherein the method comprises forming a spray of molten matrix material, introducing the particles into the spray, and directing the spray onto a colder surface to solidify the matrix spray and form the multi-phase material, wherein the temperature of the spray is below the melting point of the particles, with the result that, despite the notional solubility of the particles material, no perceptible dissolution of particles occurs.
Claim 2
Independent Claim 116 words
A method of making a multi-phase metallic material comprising elemental or metallic particles of a high-melting-point phase dispersed in a lower-melting-point metallic matrix phase (the particles being of a material which would be soluble under equilibrium conditions in the matrix material at the melting point of the matrix material), wherein the method comprises forming a spray of molten matrix material, introducing the particles into the spray, and directing the spray onto a colder surface to solidify the matrix spray and form the multi-phase material, wherein the temperature of the spray is below the melting point of the particles, with the result that, despite the notional solubility of the particles material, no perceptible dissolution of particles occurs.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim 41 words
A method according to claim 1, wherein the cooling rate of the matrix phase is sufficient to cause sufficiently rapid solidification thereof such that the particles are in contact with molten matrix material for the duration of at most 100 ms.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim 23 words
A method according to claim 2, wherein the said cooling rate in the region of the solidus is at least 10 3 K/s.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim 23 words
A method according to claim 3, wherein the said cooling rate in the region of the solidus is at least 10 4 K/s.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim 21 words
A method according to claim 1, further comprising separating the resulting multi-phase material from the surface on which it was formed.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim 35 words
A method according to claim 1, wherein the surface onto which the spray is directed is not warmer than half the melting point or solidus temperature of the matrix material on the Absolute Temperature Scale.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim 16 words
A method according to claim 1, wherein the matrix material is aluminium including an aluminum alloy.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim 14 words
A method according to claim 7, wherein the matrix material is an aluminium/zinc alloy.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim 14 words
A method according to claim 7, wherein the particles are of iron or steel.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim 16 words
A method according to claim 9, wherein the particles are within the size range 10-1000 μm.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim 33 words
A method according to claim 1, wherein the matrix material is fed as a molten stream to a gas atomising nozzle, the method further comprising injecting the said particles into the atomised stream.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim 22 words
A method according to claim 11, wherein the particles are injected into the atomised stream by entrainment in a stream of gas.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim 16 words
A method according to claim 11, wherein the ratio gas:metal is 200 l/kg to 1000 l/kg.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim 26 words
A method according to claim 1, wherein the proportion of the particles to the whole of the multi-phase material is from 1% to 50% by volume.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim 17 words
A method according to claim 14, wherein the said proportion is from 1% to 35% by volume.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim 35 words
A method according to claim 1, wherein the spray density and the speed of the surface onto which the spray is directed are in combination such that the deposition rate does not exceed 1 mm/s.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim 14 words
A method according to claim 1, further comprising hot working the solidified multi-phase material.

References Cited (Backward Citations)

GB1262471A Cited
US3655837A Cited
GB1359486A Cited
US3963811A Cited

USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows

Annuity Stage Window Opens Payment Deadline Surcharge Period Until Estimated Fee Status
3.5 Years (Year 4) 1986-12-12 1987-06-13 1987-12-13 $2000.00 Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8) 1990-12-12 1991-06-13 1991-12-13 $3760.00 Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12) 1994-12-12 1995-06-13 1995-12-13 $7700.00 Window Closed / Lapsed

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