Electroplating of titanium and titanium base alloys

Claim 1

A method of electroplating a metal layer onto a titanium or titanium base alloy surface, said method comprising the successive steps of: (a) exposing the surface to be electroplated to an aqueous solution comprising hydrofluoric acid and a member selected from the group consisting of formamide and substituted formamides, said solution containing from about 35 to about 45 grams per liter of fluoride ions and from about 1.5 to about 2.5 grams per liter of hydrogen ions and from about 600 to 800 grams per liter of said formamide or said substituted formamide, and continuing the exposure until the reaction between said surface and said solution has substantially abated and a grey deposit, which provides an adhesion-improving key between the titanium or titanium base alloy surface and the metal to be electroplated thereon, is formed on the titanium or titanium alloy surface; and thereafter (b) electroplating a metal layer on the thus exposed surface covered by sid grey deposit.

Claim 2

A method of electroplating a metal layer onto a titanium or titanium base alloy surface, said method comprising the successive steps of: (a) exposing the surface to be electroplated to an aqueous solution comprising hydrofluoric acid and a member selected from the group consisting of formamide and substituted formamides, said solution containing from about 35 to about 45 grams per liter of fluoride ions and from about 1.5 to about 2.5 grams per liter of hydrogen ions and from about 600 to 800 grams per liter of said formamide or said substituted formamide, and continuing the exposure until the reaction between said surface and said solution has substantially abated and a grey deposit, which provides an adhesion-improving key between the titanium or titanium base alloy surface and the metal to be electroplated thereon, is formed on the titanium or titanium alloy surface; and thereafter (b) electroplating a metal layer on the thus exposed surface covered by sid grey deposit.

Claim 3

A method of electroplating a metal layer onto a titanium or titanium base alloy, said method comprising the successive steps of: (a) exposing the surface to be electroplated to an aqueous solution comprising hydrofluoric acid and a member selected from the group consisting of formamide and substituted formamides, said solution containing from about 35 to 45 grams per liter of fluoride ions and from 1.5 to 2.5 grams per liter of hydrogen ions and from about 600 to about 800 grams per liter of said formamide or said substituted formamide until the reaction between said surface and said solution has substantially abated and a grey deposit, which provides an adhesion-improving key between the titanium or titanium base alloy surface and the metal to be electroplated thereon, is formed on the titanium or titanium alloy surface, (b) electroplating a nickel layer on the thus-exposed surface covered by said grey deposit, and thereafter (c) electroplating a copper layer on the thus-deposited nickel layer.

Claim 4

A method of electroplating a metal layer onto a titanium or titanium base alloy, said method comprising the successive steps of: (a) exposing the surface to be electroplated to an aqueous solution comprising hydrofluoric acid and a member selected from the group consisting of formamide and substituted formamides, said solution containing from about 35 to 45 grams per liter of fluoride ions and from 1.5 to 2.5 grams per liter of hydrogen ions and from about 600 to about 800 grams per liter of said formamide or said substituted formamide until the reaction between said surface and said solution has substantially abated and a grey deposit, which provides an adhesion-improving key between the titanium or titanium base alloy surface and the metal to be electroplated thereon, is formed on the titanium or titanium alloy surface, (b) electroplating a nickel layer on the thus-exposed surface covered by said grey deposit, and thereafter (c) electroplating a copper layer on the thus-deposited nickel layer.

Claim 9

A method of electroplating a metal layer onto a titanium or titanium base, alloy surface, the method comprising the steps of: (a) exposing the titanium or titanium base alloy surface to an aqueous solution comprising hydrofluoric acid and a member selected from the group consisting of formamide and substituted formamides, said solution containing from about 35 to 45 grams per liter of fluoride ions and from 1.5 to 2.5 grams per liter of hydrogen ions, and from about 600 to about 800 grams per liter of said formamide or said substituted formamide and additionally containing up to 10 grams per liter of a water soluble bifluoride, and continuing the exposure until the reaction between the surface and the solution has substantially abated and a grey deposit, which provides an adhesion-improving key between the titanium or titanium base alloy surface and the metal to be electroplated thereon, is formed on the titanium or titanium alloy surface; and thereafter (b) electroplating a metal layer onto the thus exposed surface covered by said grey deposit thereby improving the adhesion between the titanium or titanium alloy surface and the metal electro-deposited thereon.

Claim 10

A method of electroplating a metal layer onto a titanium or titanium base, alloy surface, the method comprising the steps of: (a) exposing the titanium or titanium base alloy surface to an aqueous solution comprising hydrofluoric acid and a member selected from the group consisting of formamide and substituted formamides, said solution containing from about 35 to 45 grams per liter of fluoride ions and from 1.5 to 2.5 grams per liter of hydrogen ions, and from about 600 to about 800 grams per liter of said formamide or said substituted formamide and additionally containing up to 10 grams per liter of a water soluble bifluoride, and continuing the exposure until the reaction between the surface and the solution has substantially abated and a grey deposit, which provides an adhesion-improving key between the titanium or titanium base alloy surface and the metal to be electroplated thereon, is formed on the titanium or titanium alloy surface; and thereafter (b) electroplating a metal layer onto the thus exposed surface covered by said grey deposit thereby improving the adhesion between the titanium or titanium alloy surface and the metal electro-deposited thereon.