Process for alkaline oxygen gas bleaching of cellulose pulp

Claim 2

A process for the bleaching delignification of chemically digested cellulose pulp with oxygen gas in the presence of alkali after activating the pulp with nitrogen dioxide and washing the activated pulp with water or a dilute aqueous solution, which comprises the following steps in the sequence stated: (1) removing digestion liquor from the pulp by treating the pulp with waste liquor from the oxygen gas bleaching delignification, stage (5), thereby forcing a major part of the waste digestion liquor out of the pulp; (2) pretreating the resulting pulp with acid wash liquor recovered from washing the pulp after the activating stage (3) at a pulp consistency within the range from about 1 to about 20% at a temperature within the range from about 20° to about 80° C. for a reaction period not exceeding about sixty minutes, these conditions being so selected and controlled that any lowering of the intrinsic viscosity of the pulp in this stage does not exceed 5%; (3) activating the pretreated pulp with nitrogen dioxide; (4) washing the activated pulp with a member selected from the group consisting of water and a dilute aqueous solution; (5) subjecting the washed pulp to bleaching delignification with oxygen gas in the presence of alkali; and (6) thereby obtaining bleached delignified pulp.

Claim 3

A process according to claim 1 which comprises washing out a major part of the acid reaction products from the activated pulp, and then impregnating the pulp with waste liquor from the oxygen gas bleaching delignification stage, before subjecting it to the oxygen gas bleaching delignification stage.

Claim 4

A process according to claim 1 in which the chemical cellulose pulp is an alkaline digested chemical pulp.

Claim 5

A process according to claim 3 in which the alkaline digested pulp is sulfate pulp.

Claim 6

A process according to claim 3 in which the alkaline digested pulp is polysulfide pulp.

Claim 7

A process according to claim 3 in which the alkaline digested pulp is soda pulp.

Claim 8

A process according to claim 1 in which the chemical cellulose pulp is sulfite pulp.

Claim 9

A process according to claim 1 in which the pulp after bleaching with oxygen is subjected to a final treatment with chlorine dioxide.

Claim 10

A process according to claim 1 which comprises adding to the pulp a complexing agent for polyvalent metals prior to or during the oxygen gas bleaching delignification stage.

Claim 11

A process according to claim 9 in which the complexing agent is selected from the group consisting of aminopolyphosphonic acids and aminopolycarboxylic acids.

Claim 12

A process according to claim 9 in which the complexing agent is added to the pulp in aqueous solution at a pH below 7.5, and the treatment allowed to proceed for a period of time not exceeding ninety minutes at a temperature within the range from about 20° to about 100° C., the time and temperature being so adjusted that no appreciable reduction in pulp viscosity is obtained.

Claim 13

A process according to claim 9 in which at least one complexing agent is added that provides manganese complexes which at pH 9 have a stability constant which is at least 1000 times greater than the corresponding stability constant for magnesium complexes.

Claim 14

A process according to claim 1 in which the pulp is activated with nitrogen dioxide for a period within the range from about 5 to about 250 seconds.

Claim 15

A process according to claim 9 in which the complexing agent is added prior to or after the activating stage.

Claim 16

A process according to claim 14 in which the complexing agent is added after the acid solution is washed from the activated pulp.

Claim 17

A process according to claim 9 in which subsequent to treating the cellulose pulp with the complexing agent the pulp is washed, thereby removing complexed polyvalent metals from the pulp.

Claim 18

A process according to claim 16 in which the washing is carried out with waste liquor from the oxygen gas bleaching delignification stage.

Claim 19

A process according to claim 9 in which complexing is initiated at a pH below 6, and then the pH is raised to within the range from 6.5 to 9 using waste liquor obtained from the oxygen gas bleaching delignification stage.

Claim 20

A process according to claim 9 in which the complexing agent introduced is completely removed from the cellulose pulp before the pulp is introduced to the oxygen gas bleaching delignification stage.

Claim 21

A process according to claim 19 in which after removing the complexing agent an additional quantity of complexing agent is introduced and permitted to accompany the pulp during the oxygen gas bleaching delignification stage.

Claim 22

A process according to claim 1 which comprises adding formaldehyde to the pulp prior to the oxygen gas bleaching delignification stage in an amount up to about 0.5%, based on the dry weight of the pulp.

Claim 23

A process according to claim 1 in which the process is repeated one or more times.

Claim 24

A process for the bleaching delignification of chemically digested cellulose pulp with oxygen gas in the presence of alkali after activating the pulp with nitrogen dioxide and washing the activated pulp with water or a dilute aqueous solution which comprises (1) digesting wood chips in a digester and forming cellulose pulp impregnated with waste digestion liquor; (2) washing the pulp with waste oxygen gas bleaching liquor obtained from the oxygen gas bleaching delignification, thereby forcing the major part of the waste digestion liquor out of the pulp; (3) washing the pulp with waste liquor from previously washed pulp in this stage; (4) pretreating the pulp with acid waste liquor obtained from the activating stage; (5) dewatering and pressing the pretreated pulp, and recycling the recovered waste liquor to stage (3); (6) fluffing the pulp and introducing the pulp into the activating stage; (7) subjecting the pulp to reduced pressure and introducing gaseous nitrogen dioxide, and activating the pulp therewith; (8) washing the activated pulp with a member selected from the group consisting of water and a dilute aqueous solution and recycling the waste liquor recovered therefrom in part to the pretreatment stage (4) and in part to the washing stage (3); (9) impregnating the washed pulp with oxygen gas bleaching waste liquor obtained from oxygen gas bleaching delignification and with waste liquor from stage (10); (10) dewatering and pressing the resulting pulp suspension and fluffing the pulp and recycling the recovered waste liquor in part to the impregnating stage (9) and in part to the washing stage (2); (11) subjecting the pulp to oxygen gas bleaching delignification and recycling the recovered waste oxygen gas bleaching liquor in part to stage (2), in part to stage (9), and in part to stage (12); and (12) diluting the delignified bleached pulp with waste liquor recovered from the oxygen gas bleaching delignification stage (11).

Claim 25

A process for the bleaching delignification of chemically digested cellulose pulp with oxygen gas in the presence of alkali after activating the pulp with nitrogen dioxide and washing the activated pulp with water or a dilute aqueous solution which comprises (1) digesting wood chips in a digester and forming cellulose pulp impregnated with waste digestion liquor; (2) washing the pulp with waste oxygen gas bleaching liquor obtained from the oxygen gas bleaching delignification, thereby forcing the major part of the waste digestion liquor out of the pulp; (3) washing the pulp with waste liquor from previously washed pulp in this stage; (4) pretreating the pulp with acid waste liquor obtained from the activating stage; (5) dewatering and pressing the pretreated pulp, and recycling the recovered waste liquor to stage (3); (6) fluffing the pulp and introducing the pulp into the activating stage; (7) subjecting the pulp to reduced pressure and introducing gaseous nitrogen dioxide, and activating the pulp therewith; (8) washing the activated pulp with a member selected from the group consisting of water and a dilute aqueous solution and recycling the waste liquor recovered therefrom in part to the pretreatment stage (4) and in part to the washing stage (3); (9) impregnating the washed pulp with oxygen gas bleaching waste liquor obtained from oxygen gas bleaching delignification and with waste liquor from stage (10); (10) dewatering and pressing the resulting pulp suspension and fluffing the pulp and recycling the recovered waste liquor in part to the impregnating stage (9) and in part to the washing stage (2); (11) subjecting the pulp to oxygen gas bleaching delignification and recycling the recovered waste oxygen gas bleaching liquor in part to stage (2), in part to stage (9), and in part to stage (12); and (12) diluting the delignified bleached pulp with waste liquor recovered from the oxygen gas bleaching delignification stage (11).