US4400463A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Silver chloride emulsions of modified crystal habit and processes for their preparation
Assignee: Eastman Kodak Co
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Filing: 1982-09-30
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Granted: 1983-08-23
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Expires: 2002-09-30
Abstract
Abstract Radiation-sensitive photographic emulsions are disclosed comprised of a dispersing medium and silver halide grains the halide content of which is at least 50 mole percent chloride, based on silver. The silver halide grains include tabular grains having a thickness of less than 0.5 micron, a diameter of at least 0.6 micron, and an average aspect ratio greater than 8:1 which account for at least 50 percent of the total projected area of the silver halide grains. The tabular grains have two opposed substantially parallel major crystal faces lying in {111} crystal planes and exhibiting at least one of the following features: (1) at least one peripheral edge lying parallel to a <211> crystallographic vector lying in the plane of one of the major faces and (2) bromide and/or iodide incorporated in a central grain region. The tabular grains are formed in the presence of an aminoazaindene and a peptizer having a thioether linkage.
Inventors
- 👤 Joe E. Maskasky
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-27 06:22
CPC Classifications
G; G03; G03C; G03C1/00; G03C1/005; G03C1/0051; G03C1/0053; G03C1/06; G03C1/07; G03C2001/0055; G03C1/035; G03C2001/03511; G03C2001/03535; G03C2001/03558; G03C2001/0357; G03C2001/03588; G03C2001/03594; G03C2200/00; G03C2200/03; G03C2200/43
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 35
Claim 1
Independent Claim
80 words
In a process of preparing a radiation-sensitive photographic emulsion wherein aqueous silver and chloride-containing halide salt solutions are brought into contact in the presence of a dispersing medium to form tabular silver halide grains, the halide content of which is at least 50 mole percent chloride, based on silver, the improvement comprising reacting said aqueous silver and chloride-containing halide salt solutions in the presence of a crystal habit modifying amount of an aminoazaindene and a peptizer having a thioether linkage.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
80 words
In a process of preparing a radiation-sensitive photographic emulsion wherein aqueous silver and chloride-containing halide salt solutions are brought into contact in the presence of a dispersing medium to form tabular silver halide grains, the halide content of which is at least 50 mole percent chloride, based on silver, the improvement comprising reacting said aqueous silver and chloride-containing halide salt solutions in the presence of a crystal habit modifying amount of an aminoazaindene and a peptizer having a thioether linkage.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
112 words
In a double-jet precipitation process of preparing a radiation-sensitive photographic emulsion comprised of a dispersing medium and tabular silver halide grains, the halide content of which is at least 75 mole percent chloride and up to 6 mole percent iodide, based on silver, any remaining halide being bromide, the improvement comprising concurrently introducing aqueous silver and chloride salt solutions into a reaction vessel containing at least a portion of the dispersing medium in the presence of a crystal habit modifying amount of an aminoazaindene and a peptizer having a thioether linkage to precipitate tabular grains accounting for at least 50 percent of the total projected area of the total grain population precipitated.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
112 words
In a double-jet precipitation process of preparing a radiation-sensitive photographic emulsion comprised of a dispersing medium and tabular silver halide grains, the halide content of which is at least 75 mole percent chloride and up to 6 mole percent iodide, based on silver, any remaining halide being bromide, the improvement comprising concurrently introducing aqueous silver and chloride salt solutions into a reaction vessel containing at least a portion of the dispersing medium in the presence of a crystal habit modifying amount of an aminoazaindene and a peptizer having a thioether linkage to precipitate tabular grains accounting for at least 50 percent of the total projected area of the total grain population precipitated.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
29 words
An improved process according to claim 1 in which chloride ion concentration in the reaction vessel is maintained in the range of from 0.1 to 5.0 molar during precipitation.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
27 words
An improved process according to claim 3 in which the pH within the reaction vessel is maintained within the range of from 2 to 5.0 during precipitation.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
60 words
An improved process according to claim 2 in which chloride ion concentration in the reaction vessel is maintained in the range of from 0.5 to 3.0 molar, the pH within the reaction vessel is maintained within the range of from 2 to 3.5, and the temperature within the reaction vessel is in the range of from 40° to 90° C.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
33 words
An improved process according to claim 1, 2, or 4 in which the aminoazaindene is present in the reaction vessel in a concentration of at least 10 -3 mole per mole of silver.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
29 words
An improved process according to claim 6 in which an amino purine is present in a concentration of from 0.5×10 -2 to 5×10 -2 mole per mole of silver.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
14 words
An improved process according to claim 7 in which the amino purine is adenine.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
84 words
In an improved process according to claim 1 or 2 in which the peptizer having a thioether linkage is a water soluble linear copolymer comprised of (1) recurring units in the linear polymer chain of amides or esters of maleic, acrylic or methacrylic acids in which respective amine or alcohol condensation residues in the respective amides and esters contain an organic radical having at least one sulfide-sulfur atom linking two alkyl carbon atoms and (2) units of at least one other ethylenically unsaturated monomer.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
54 words
In an improved process according to claim 9 in which the thioether linkage containing peptizer is present in the reaction vessel in a concentration of from 0.1 to 10 percent by weight, based on total weight, and the thioether linkage containing repeating units comprise from about 2.5 to 25 mole percent of the peptizer.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
127 words
A radiation-sensitive photographic emulsion comprising a dispersing medium and silver halide grains which are at least 50 mole percent chloride, based on silver, at least 50 percent of the total projected area of said silver halide grains being provided by tabular grains having a thickness less than 0.5 micron, a diameter of at least 0.6 micron, and an average aspect ratio greater than 8:1, said tabular grains having two opposed substantially parallel major crystal faces lying in {111} crystal planes and exhibiting at least one of the following features: (1) at least one peripheral edge lying parallel to a <211> crystallographic vector lying in the plane of one of said major faces and (2) at least one of bromide and iodide incorporated in a central grain region.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
127 words
A radiation-sensitive photographic emulsion comprising a dispersing medium and silver halide grains which are at least 50 mole percent chloride, based on silver, at least 50 percent of the total projected area of said silver halide grains being provided by tabular grains having a thickness less than 0.5 micron, a diameter of at least 0.6 micron, and an average aspect ratio greater than 8:1, said tabular grains having two opposed substantially parallel major crystal faces lying in {111} crystal planes and exhibiting at least one of the following features: (1) at least one peripheral edge lying parallel to a <211> crystallographic vector lying in the plane of one of said major faces and (2) at least one of bromide and iodide incorporated in a central grain region.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
30 words
A radiation-sensitive photographic emulsion according to claim 11 in which at least 70 percent of the total projected area of said silver halide grains is provided by said tabular grains.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
38 words
A radiation-sensitive photographic emulsion according to claim 11 in which said halide of said tabular grains is at least 75 mole percent chloride and up to 6 mole percent iodide, based on silver, any remaining halide being bromide.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
30 words
A radiation-sensitive photographic emulsion according to claim 13 in which said tabular grains are at least 90 mole percent chloride and up to 2 mole percent iodide, based on silver.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
15 words
A radiation-sensitive photographic emulsion according to claim 13 in which said tabular grains are polydisperse.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
15 words
A radiation-sensitive photographic emulsion according to claim 11 in which said tabular grains are monodisperse.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
20 words
A radiation-sensitive photographic emulsion according to claim 11 in which said tabular grains have regular hexagonal or dodecagonal major faces.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
22 words
A radiation-sensitive photographic emulsion according to claim 11 in which said tabular grains have an average aspect ratio of at least 12:1.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
25 words
A radiation-sensitive photographic emulsion according to claim 11 in which said tabular grains have an average thickness in the range of less than 0.3 micron.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
21 words
A radiation-sensitive photographic emulsion according to claim 11 in which an aminoazaindene is adsorbed to the surface of said tabular grains.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
22 words
a radiation-sensitive photographic emulsion according to claim 11 in which said dispersing medium is comprised of a peptizer containing a thioether linkage.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
115 words
A radiation-sensitive photographic emulsion comprising a dispersing medium and silver halide grains which are at least 75 mole percent chloride and up to 6 mole percent iodide, based on silver, any remaining halide being bromide, at least 70 percent of the total projected area of said silver halide grains being provided by tabular grains having a thickness less than 0.5 micron, a diameter of at least 0.6 micron, and an average aspect ratio greater than 12:1, said tabular grains having two opposed substantially parallel major crystal faces lying in {111} crystal planes and at least one peripheral edge lying parallel to a <211> crystallographic vector lying in the plane of one of said major faces.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
115 words
A radiation-sensitive photographic emulsion comprising a dispersing medium and silver halide grains which are at least 75 mole percent chloride and up to 6 mole percent iodide, based on silver, any remaining halide being bromide, at least 70 percent of the total projected area of said silver halide grains being provided by tabular grains having a thickness less than 0.5 micron, a diameter of at least 0.6 micron, and an average aspect ratio greater than 12:1, said tabular grains having two opposed substantially parallel major crystal faces lying in {111} crystal planes and at least one peripheral edge lying parallel to a <211> crystallographic vector lying in the plane of one of said major faces.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
36 words
A radiation-sensitive photographic emulsion according to claim 22 wherein said tabular grains have hexagonal major crystal faces and peripheral edges lying parallel to <211> crystallographic vectors lying in the plane of one of said major faces.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
28 words
A radiation-sensitive photographic emulsion according to claim 22 wherein said tabular grains account for at least 90 percent of the total projected area of said silver halide grains.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
21 words
A radiation-sensitive photographic emulsion according to claim 22 wherein said tabular grains have an average thickness of less than 0.3 micron.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
124 words
A radiation-sensitive photographic emulsion comprising a dispersing medium and silver halide grains which are at least 75 mole percent chloride and up to 6 mole percent iodide, based on total halide, any remaining halide being bromide, at least 70 percent of the total projected area of said silver halide grains being provided by tabular grains having a thickness of less than 0.5 micron, a diameter of at least 0.6 micron, and an average aspect ratio of at least 12:1, said tabular grains having two opposed substantially parallel major crystal faces lying in {111} crystal planes, and said tabular grains containing bromide in a central grain region, said bromide accounting for at least 1 mole percent of the total halide present in said tabular grains.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
124 words
A radiation-sensitive photographic emulsion comprising a dispersing medium and silver halide grains which are at least 75 mole percent chloride and up to 6 mole percent iodide, based on total halide, any remaining halide being bromide, at least 70 percent of the total projected area of said silver halide grains being provided by tabular grains having a thickness of less than 0.5 micron, a diameter of at least 0.6 micron, and an average aspect ratio of at least 12:1, said tabular grains having two opposed substantially parallel major crystal faces lying in {111} crystal planes, and said tabular grains containing bromide in a central grain region, said bromide accounting for at least 1 mole percent of the total halide present in said tabular grains.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
25 words
A radiation-sensitive photographic emulsion according to claim 26 including at least 90 mole percent chloride and up to 2 mole percent iodide, based on silver.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
21 words
A radiation-sensitive photographic emulsion according to claim 26 wherein said tabular grains have an average thickness of less than 0.3 micron.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
48 words
In a photographic element comprised of a support and at least one radiation-sensitive emulsion layer, the improvement wherein said emulsion layer is comprised of an emulsion according to claim 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, or 28.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
31 words
A process of producing a visible photographic image comprising processing in an aqueous alkaline solution in the presence of a developing agent an imagewise exposed photographic element according to claim 29.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US3519426A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1986-08-22 | 1987-02-21 | 1987-08-23 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1990-08-22 | 1991-02-21 | 1991-08-23 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1994-08-22 | 1995-02-21 | 1995-08-23 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |