US4396677A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Metal, carbon, carbide and other composites thereof
Assignee: KBK FINANCIAL INC
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Filing: 1981-03-11
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Granted: 1983-08-02
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Expires: 2001-03-11
Abstract
Abstract As an article for manufacture, a tin, lead, indium, and alloys of each, admixed with a carbide or carbonyl former, for forming these with said tin, lead and indium, and their alloys into an "active" alloy form; these "active" alloy forms are suitable for making wettable carbon, graphite, diamond, sapphire, alumina, metal carbide, quartz, silicon metal, etc., composites which will not dewet upon heating but form strong bonds; methods for preparing said composites of various shapes, layers, coatings, and sandwiches; alloys, preforms and various metal-graphite, diamond, sapphire, alumina, metal carbide, quartz, silicon metal etc., structures also disclosed.
Inventors
- 👤 Josef Intrater
- 👤 Gene Bertoldo
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-24 17:20
CPC Classifications
C; C04; C04B; C04B37/00; C04B37/02; C04B37/023; C04B37/026; C04B37/003; C04B37/006; C04B41/00; C04B41/45; C04B41/50; C04B41/51; C04B41/80; C04B41/81; C04B41/85; C04B41/88; C22; C22C; C22C13/00; C23; C23C; C23C26/00; C23C26/02; C04B2237/00; C04B2237/02; C04B2237/12; C04B2237/124; C04B2237/126; C04B2237/127; C04B2237/30; C04B2237/32; C04B2237/34; C04B2237/341; C04B2237/343; C04B2237/345; C04B2237/346; C04B2237/36; C04B2237/363; C04B2237/365; C04B2237/40; C04B2237/403; C04B2237/405; C04B2237/406; C04B2237/50; C04B2237/72; Y; Y10; Y10T; Y10T428/00; Y10T428/29; Y10T428/2913; Y10T428/2918; Y10T428/292; Y10T428/30
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 34
Claim 1
Independent Claim
75 words
A composite of tin, lead, indium, a tin alloy, a lead alloy or an indium alloy, as a component, in combination with a carbide or carbonyl former, as an adherent coating, film or layer on a base or substrate of a carbon, diamond, silicon, a carbide, alumina, zirconia, sapphire or quartz structure which is non-dewettable upon heating and of a zero to negative angle of contact between the adherent coating and said base or substrate.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
75 words
A composite of tin, lead, indium, a tin alloy, a lead alloy or an indium alloy, as a component, in combination with a carbide or carbonyl former, as an adherent coating, film or layer on a base or substrate of a carbon, diamond, silicon, a carbide, alumina, zirconia, sapphire or quartz structure which is non-dewettable upon heating and of a zero to negative angle of contact between the adherent coating and said base or substrate.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
37 words
The composite as defined in claim 1, wherein the carbide or carbonyl former is chromium, titanium, hafnium, zirconium, cobalt, iron, nickel, manganese, rhenium, ruthenium, rhodium, osmium, iridium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, tungsten or molybdenum, or mixtures of same.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
13 words
The composite as defined in claim 1, wherein the base structure is graphite.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
14 words
The composite as defined in claim 3, wherein the base structure is pyrolitic graphite.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
14 words
The composite as defined in claim 1, wherein the substrate is alumina or sapphire.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
13 words
The composite as defined in claim 1, wherein the substrate is a carbide.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
13 words
The composite as defined in claim 1, wherein the carbide is silicon carbide.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
13 words
The composite as defined in claim 1, wherein the carbide is boron carbide.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
14 words
The composite as defined in claim 1, wherein the carbide is a mixed carbide.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
13 words
The composite as defined in claim 1, wherein the carbide is tungsten carbide.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
27 words
The composite as defined in claim 1, wherein the substrate is diamond, iron is the carbide former with tin in a ratio of about 5 to 95.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
13 words
The composite as defined in claim 1, wherein the carbide former is chromium.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
13 words
The composite as defined in claim 1, wherein the carbide former is vanadium.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
17 words
The composite as defined in claim 1, wherein the carbonyl former is nickel in admixture with vanadium.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
15 words
The composite as defined in claim 1, wherein the tin alloy is a tin-lead alloy.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
12 words
The composite as defined in claim 1, wherein said component is lead.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
12 words
The composite as defined in claim 1, wherein said component is indium.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
43 words
The composite as defined in claim 1, wherein the same comprises further, an overlay, on said coating, film or layer on said substrate of one of the substrate materials, or a metal alloyable with said coating, film or layer on said base substrate.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
16 words
The composite as defined in claim 18, wherein the overlay is copper on a tin-chromium-graphite composite.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
12 words
The composite as defined in claim 18, wherein the overlay is graphite.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
26 words
The composite as defined in claim 18, wherein said base substrate is silicon, and the coating is of tin and molybdenum and the overlay is molybdenum.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
18 words
The composite as defined in claim 18, wherein said base structure is graphite and said overlay is carbon.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
53 words
The composite as defined in claim 18, wherein the same is a sandwich of graphite on which there is a coating, layer or film of tin-chromium, and an overlay of copper and said copper in turn is next to a graphite with a coating, layer or film of tin-chromium on a graphite substrate.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
95 words
As an alloy, a carbide or carbonyl former, in a metal form, with a "tin group" metal of tin, a tin alloy, lead, a lead alloy, indium, or an indium alloy, in a ratio of 1% to 40% of said carbide or carbonyl former balance said tin group metal, whereby said alloy is characterized inter alia by forming in a carbon monoxide atmosphere a layer on a substrate as defined in claim 1, with zero or negative angle of contact upon heating and melting the same on said substrate, and non-dewetting upon repeated heat cycling.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
22 words
The alloy as defined in claim 24, wherein the same is chromium-tin in the range of 5 to 15%, chromium, balance tin.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
22 words
The alloy as defined in claim 24 wherein the same is molybdenum-tin in the range of 5 to 10% molybdenum, balance tin.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
51 words
The preform alloy as defined in claim 24, wherein the same is tin-lead-chromium alloy wherein the same is 60% by weight of tin and 40% by weight of lead and added to the tin-lead is 10 to 3% by weight of chromium based on the total weight of tin and lead.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
38 words
A green compact of powder comprised of tin, tin alloy, lead, lead alloy, indium, indium alloy with said carbide or carbonyl former, as a metal powder, wherein the carbide or carbonyl former is as defined in claim 2.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
22 words
The composite as defined in claim 1, wherein the carbide or carbonyl former is nickel, chromium, titanium, zirconium, vanadium, tungsten or molybdenum.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
111 words
A method for preparing a preform alloy as defined in claim 24, comprising the steps of: admixing a particulate of tin, lead, indium, or alloys of each of the foregoing, with a particulate of a carbide former, or carbonyl former in the form of their metals, to form an admixture, reacting said admixture up to and at the melting point of said admixture, in the presence of carbon monoxide atmosphere, cooling said admixture in the presence of said carbon monoxide atmosphere or carbon monoxide in an admixture with a inert gas or cooling in an inert atmosphere of hydrogen or hydrogen and nitrogen, and recovering said admixture as an "active" alloy.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method as defined in claim 28, wherein the particulates are in an admixture in a size range from colloidal, 350 mesh (U.S.) to 1/8 inch.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
79 words
A method of forming discrete adherent layers on a substrate as defined in claim 1, comprising the steps: forming a preform into a shape, placing said shape on said substrate and heating said perform shape and/or said substrate in a carbon monoxide atmosphere or in an atmosphere of mixtures of carbon monoxide with an inert gas until wetting occurs and forms a discrete layer with a zero to negative angle of contact on said substrate and recovering said substrate.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method as defined in claim 18, wherein graphite structure is annealed with a preform placed thereon in an inert atmosphere of hydrogen and/or nitrogen.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1986-08-01 | 1987-01-31 | 1987-08-02 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1990-08-01 | 1991-01-31 | 1991-08-02 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1994-08-01 | 1995-01-31 | 1995-08-02 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |