US4394213A
Expired / Lapsed
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Hydroxy-aluminum/lignin sulfonate compositions
Assignee: Chevron USA Inc
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Filing: 1981-07-01
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Granted: 1983-07-19
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Expires: 2001-07-01
Abstract
Abstract A composition comprising salts of lignin sulfonate and hydroxy-aluminum and water. The composition stabilizes soil formations from the effects of water and increases the water resistance of paper products.
Inventors
- 👤 Richard L. Ferm
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-04 20:43
CPC Classifications
D; D21; D21H; D21H17/00; D21H17/20; D21H17/21; D21H17/23; C; C08; C08L; C08L97/00; C08L97/005; C09; C09K; C09K17/00; C09K17/40; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S106/00; Y10S106/90; Y10S71/00; Y10S71/903
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 18
Claim 1
Independent Claim
57 words
A composition comprising about 30% by weight to about 95% by weight water and about 70% by weight to about 5% by weight of a solute, said solute comprising a mixture of a lignin sulfonate salt and a polymeric hydroxy-aluminum salt in a weight ratio of lignin sulfonate to hydroxy-aluminum of from about 1:4 to about 4:1.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
57 words
A composition comprising about 30% by weight to about 95% by weight water and about 70% by weight to about 5% by weight of a solute, said solute comprising a mixture of a lignin sulfonate salt and a polymeric hydroxy-aluminum salt in a weight ratio of lignin sulfonate to hydroxy-aluminum of from about 1:4 to about 4:1.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
28 words
The composition according to claim 1 wherein the hydroxy-aluminum salt is selected from the group consisting of hydroxy-aluminum chloride, hydroxy-aluminum nitrate, hydroxy-aluminum sulfate, hydroxy-aluminum acetate, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
30 words
The composition according to claim 2 wherein the lignin sulfonate salt is selected from the group consisting of ammonium lignin sulfonate, sodium lignin sulfonate, calcium lignin sulfonate, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
32 words
The composition according to claim 3 wherein the hydroxy-aluminum has the formula Al(OH) n X 3-n where n is from 1.5 to 2.7 and X is the anion of the hydroxy-aluminum salt.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
19 words
The composition according to claim 4 wherein the ratio of lignin sulfonate:hydroxy-aluminum is from about 1:2 to about 2:1.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
32 words
The composition according to claim 1 or 5 wherein the composition further comprises up to about 15% by weight based on the total solids content of the solute of a mineral acid.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
26 words
The composition according to claim 6 wherein the mineral acid is selected from the group consisting of hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
32 words
The composition according to claim 6 wherein said composition further comprises soil in an amount of from about 75% by weight to about 95% by weight of the mixture of said composition.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
10 words
A soil stabilized with the composition according to claim 6.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
30 words
A method of increasing the water resistance of paper which comprises treating the paper with the composition according to claim 6 for a sufficient time to impart water resistance thereto.
Claim 12
Independent Claim
85 words
A method of stabilizing soil surfaces apt to be rewet comprising: applying a soil stabilizing composition to the soil in an amount of from about 10 to about 25% by weight of the treated soil, said stabilizing composition comprising about 30% to about 95% by weight water and about 70% by weight to about 5% by weight of a solute wherein said solute comprises salts of lignin sulfonate and polymeric hydroxy-aluminum in a ratio of lignin sulfonate to hydroxy-aluminum of from about 1:4 to 4:1.
Claim 13
Independent Claim
85 words
A method of stabilizing soil surfaces apt to be rewet comprising: applying a soil stabilizing composition to the soil in an amount of from about 10 to about 25% by weight of the treated soil, said stabilizing composition comprising about 30% to about 95% by weight water and about 70% by weight to about 5% by weight of a solute wherein said solute comprises salts of lignin sulfonate and polymeric hydroxy-aluminum in a ratio of lignin sulfonate to hydroxy-aluminum of from about 1:4 to 4:1.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
35 words
The method according to claim 11 wherein the soil stabilizing composition further comprises a mineral acid in an amount up to about 15% by weight based on the total solids content of the stabilizing composition.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
31 words
The method according to claim 11 or 12 wherein said stabilizing composition is applied at a rate of about 0.1 to about 2 gallons of composition per square yard of soil.
Claim 16
Independent Claim
73 words
A method of stabilizing a formation penetrated by a well comprising: injecting a stabilizing composition down said well and into said formation, said composition comprising about 30% by weight to about 95% by weight water and about 70% by weight to 5% by weight of a solute wherein the solute comprises salts of lignin sulfonate and polymeric hydroxy-aluminum in a weight ratio of lignin sulfonate to hydroxy-aluminum of from about 1:4 to 4:1.
Claim 17
Independent Claim
73 words
A method of stabilizing a formation penetrated by a well comprising: injecting a stabilizing composition down said well and into said formation, said composition comprising about 30% by weight to about 95% by weight water and about 70% by weight to 5% by weight of a solute wherein the solute comprises salts of lignin sulfonate and polymeric hydroxy-aluminum in a weight ratio of lignin sulfonate to hydroxy-aluminum of from about 1:4 to 4:1.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method according to claim 14 wherein said composition is injected in an amount of about 0.5 to about 20 gallons per cubic yard of formation.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1986-07-18 | 1987-01-17 | 1987-07-19 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1990-07-18 | 1991-01-17 | 1991-07-19 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1994-07-18 | 1995-01-17 | 1995-07-19 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |