Hydrocarbon upgrading process

Claim 2

A process for increasing the effectiveness of hydrocarbon processing, comprising: (a) hydrocracking a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock having a normal boiling range above about 180° F. and below about 1200° F.; (b) upgrading at least part of the effluent of said hydrocracking process through use of an upgrading process comprising, (i) producing a process stream containing at least a substantial amount of C 3 to C 4 olefins by contacting said effluent part with a catalyst comprising a ZSM-5-type crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite in a form which is substantially free of hydrogenation activity, said contacting being under conditions including (a) a temperature in the range of from about 500° F. to about 800° F.; (b) a pressure below about 13 atmospheres gauge; and (c) a liquid hourly spaced velocity in the range of from about 0.1 to 20, said effluent having a content of nitrogen-containing impurities, calculated by weight as nitrogen, below about 5 ppm; and (c) etherating all or part of the portion of said process stream which boils below about 225° F.

Claim 3

A process according to claim 1 wherein said etheration is performed by contacting said portion of said process stream with a C 1 to C 3 alcohol under etheration conditions.

Claim 4

A process for increasing the effectiveness of hydrocarbon processing, comprising: (a) upgrading a hydrocarbonaceous feed having a normal boiling range above about 180° F. and below about 1200° F., through use of an upgrading process comprising, (i) producing a process stream containing at least a substantial amount of C 3 to C 4 olefins by contacting said feed with a catalyst comprising a ZSM-5-type crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite in a form which is substantially free of hydrogenation activity, said contacting being under conditions including (a) a temperature in the range of from about 500° F. to about 800° F.; (b) a pressure below about 13 atmospheres gauge; and (c) a liquid hourly space velocity in the range of from about 0.1 to 20, said feed having a content of nitrogen-containing impurities, calculated by weight as nitrogen, below about 5 ppm; and (b) recovering a jet fuel fraction from said process stream.

Claim 5

A process for increasing the effectiveness of hydrocarbon processing, comprising: (a) upgrading a hydrocarbonaceous feed having a normal boiling range above about 180° F. and below about 1200° F., through use of an upgrading process comprising, (i) producing a process stream containing at least a substantial amount of C 3 to C 4 olefins by contacting said feed with a catalyst comprising a ZSM-5-type crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite in a form which is substantially free of hydrogenation activity, said contacting being under conditions including (a) a temperature in the range of from about 500° F. to about 800° F.; (b) a pressure below about 13 atmospheres gauge; and (c) a liquid hourly space velocity in the range of from about 0.1 to 20, said feed having a content of nitrogen-containing impurities, calculated by weight as nitrogen, below about 5 ppm; and (b) recovering a jet fuel fraction from said process stream.

Claim 6

A process for increasing the effectiveness of hydrocarbon processing, comprising: (a) hydrocracking a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock having a normal boiling range above about 180° F. and below about 1200° F.; (b) upgrading at least part of the effluent of said hydrocracking process through use of an upgrading process comprising, (i) producing a process stream containing at least a substantial amount of C 3 to C 4 olefins by contacting said effluent part with a catalyst comprising a ZSM-5-type crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite in a form which is substantially free of hydrogenation activity, said contacting being under conditions including (a) a temperature in the range of from about 500° F. to about 800° F.; (b) a pressure below about 13 atmospheres gauge; and (c) a liquid hourly space velocity in the range of from about 0.1 to 20, said effluent having a content of a nitrogen-containing impurities, calculated by weight as nitrogen, below about 5 ppm; and (c) forming aromatics from all or part of the fraction of said process stream which boils below about 400° F.

Claim 7

A process for increasing the effectiveness of hydrocarbon processing, comprising: (a) hydrocracking a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock having a normal boiling range above about 180° F. and below about 1200° F.; (b) upgrading at least part of the effluent of said hydrocracking process through use of an upgrading process comprising, (i) producing a process stream containing at least a substantial amount of C 3 to C 4 olefins by contacting said effluent part with a catalyst comprising a ZSM-5-type crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite in a form which is substantially free of hydrogenation activity, said contacting being under conditions including (a) a temperature in the range of from about 500° F. to about 800° F.; (b) a pressure below about 13 atmospheres gauge; and (c) a liquid hourly space velocity in the range of from about 0.1 to 20, said effluent having a content of a nitrogen-containing impurities, calculated by weight as nitrogen, below about 5 ppm; and (c) forming aromatics from all or part of the fraction of said process stream which boils below about 400° F.

Claim 8

A process for increasing the effectiveness of hydrocarbon processing, comprising: (a) upgrading a hydrocarbonaceous feed having a normal boiling range above about 180° F. and below about 1200° F., through use of an upgrading process comprising, (i) producing a process stream containing at least a substantial amount of C 3 to C 4 olefins by contacting said feed with a catalyst comprising a ZSM-5-type crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite in a form which is substantially free of hydrogenation activity, said contacting being under conditions including (a) a temperature in the range of from about 500° F. to about 800° F.; (b) a pressure below about 13 atmospheres gauge; and (c) a liquid hourly space velocity in the range of from about 0.1 to 20, said feed having a content of nitrogen-containing impurities, calculated by weight as nitrogen, below about 5 ppm; (b) hydrocracking at least part of said process stream; and (c) recovering a jet fuel fraction from the effluent of said hydrocracking step.

Claim 9

A process for increasing the effectiveness of hydrocarbon processing, comprising: (a) upgrading a hydrocarbonaceous feed having a normal boiling range above about 180° F. and below about 1200° F., through use of an upgrading process comprising, (i) producing a process stream containing at least a substantial amount of C 3 to C 4 olefins by contacting said feed with a catalyst comprising a ZSM-5-type crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite in a form which is substantially free of hydrogenation activity, said contacting being under conditions including (a) a temperature in the range of from about 500° F. to about 800° F.; (b) a pressure below about 13 atmospheres gauge; and (c) a liquid hourly space velocity in the range of from about 0.1 to 20, said feed having a content of nitrogen-containing impurities, calculated by weight as nitrogen, below about 5 ppm; (b) hydrocracking at least part of said process stream; and (c) recovering a jet fuel fraction from the effluent of said hydrocracking step.

Claim 10

A process for increasing the effectiveness of hydrocarbon processing, comprising: (a) upgrading a hydrocarbonaceous feed having a normal boiling range above about 180° F. and below about 1200° F., through use of an upgrading process comprising, (i) producing a process stream containing at least a substantial amount of C 3 to C 4 olefins by contacting said feed with a catalyst comprising a ZSM-5-type crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite in a form which is substantially free of hydrogenation activity, said contacting being under conditions including (a) a temperature in the range of from about 500° F. to about 800° F.; (b) a pressure below about 13 atmospheres gauge; and (c) a liquid hoursly space velocity in the range of from about 0.1 to 20, said feed having a content of nitrogen-containing impurities, calculated by weight as nitrogen, below about 5 ppm; (b) hydrocracking at least part of said process stream; and (c) forming aromatics from at least part of the fraction of the effluent of said hydrocracking step which boils below about 400° F.

Claim 11

A process for increasing the effectiveness of hydrocarbon processing, comprising: (a) upgrading a hydrocarbonaceous feed having a normal boiling range above about 180° F. and below about 1200° F., through use of an upgrading process comprising, (i) producing a process stream containing at least a substantial amount of C 3 to C 4 olefins by contacting said feed with a catalyst comprising a ZSM-5-type crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite in a form which is substantially free of hydrogenation activity, said contacting being under conditions including (a) a temperature in the range of from about 500° F. to about 800° F.; (b) a pressure below about 13 atmospheres gauge; and (c) a liquid hoursly space velocity in the range of from about 0.1 to 20, said feed having a content of nitrogen-containing impurities, calculated by weight as nitrogen, below about 5 ppm; (b) hydrocracking at least part of said process stream; and (c) forming aromatics from at least part of the fraction of the effluent of said hydrocracking step which boils below about 400° F.

Claim 12

A process for increasing the effectiveness of hydrocarbon processing, comprising: (a) upgrading a hydrocarbonaceous feed having a normal boiling range above about 180° F. and below about 1200° F., through use of an upgrading process comprising, (i) producing a process stream containing at least a substantial amount of C 3 to C 4 olefins by contacting said feed with a catalyst comprising a ZSM-5-type crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite in a form which is substantially free of hydrogenation activity, said contacting being under conditions including (a) a temperature in the range of from about 500° F. to about 800° F.; (b) a pressure below about 13 atmospheres gauge; and (c) a liquid hourly space velocity in the range of from about 0.1 to 20, said feed having a content of nitrogen-containing impurities, calculated by weight as nitrogen, below about 5 ppm; (b) separating said process stream into at least one lower fraction boiling below about 400° F. and at least one higher fraction boiling above about 400° F.; (c) recovering said lower fraction; and (d) hydrocracking at least part of said higher fraction.

Claim 13

A process for increasing the effectiveness of hydrocarbon processing, comprising: (a) upgrading a hydrocarbonaceous feed having a normal boiling range above about 180° F. and below about 1200° F., through use of an upgrading process comprising, (i) producing a process stream containing at least a substantial amount of C 3 to C 4 olefins by contacting said feed with a catalyst comprising a ZSM-5-type crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite in a form which is substantially free of hydrogenation activity, said contacting being under conditions including (a) a temperature in the range of from about 500° F. to about 800° F.; (b) a pressure below about 13 atmospheres gauge; and (c) a liquid hourly space velocity in the range of from about 0.1 to 20, said feed having a content of nitrogen-containing impurities, calculated by weight as nitrogen, below about 5 ppm; (b) separating said process stream into at least one lower fraction boiling below about 400° F. and at least one higher fraction boiling above about 400° F.; (c) recovering said lower fraction; and (d) hydrocracking at least part of said higher fraction.

Claim 14

A process according to claim 7 further comprising the step of etherating all or part of the portion of said lower fraction which boils below about 225° F.

Claim 15

A process according to claim 8 wherein said etheration is performed by contacting said fraction with a C 1 to C 3 alcohol under etheration conditions.

Claim 16

A process for increasing the effectiveness of hydrocarbon processing, comprising: (a) hydrocracking a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock having a normal boiling range above about 180° F. and below about 1200° F.; (b) upgrading at least part of the effluent of said hydrocracking process through use of an upgrading process comprising, (i) producing a process stream containing at least a substantial amount of C 3 to C 4 olefins by contacting said effluent part with a catalyst comprising a ZSM-5-type crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite in a form which is substantially free of hydrogenation activity, said contacting being under conditions including (a) a temperature in the range of from about 500° F. to about 800° F.; (b) a pressure below about 13 atmospheres gauge; and (c) a liquid hourly space velocity in the range of from about 0.1 to 20, said effluent having a content of nitrogen-containing impurities, calculated by weight as nitrogen, below about 5 ppm; wherein said upgrading process and hydrocracking step are operated in a recycle mode; and (c) recovering a jet fuel fraction from the effluent of said hydrocracking process.

Claim 17

A process for increasing the effectiveness of hydrocarbon processing, comprising: (a) hydrocracking a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock having a normal boiling range above about 180° F. and below about 1200° F.; (b) upgrading at least part of the effluent of said hydrocracking process through use of an upgrading process comprising, (i) producing a process stream containing at least a substantial amount of C 3 to C 4 olefins by contacting said effluent part with a catalyst comprising a ZSM-5-type crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite in a form which is substantially free of hydrogenation activity, said contacting being under conditions including (a) a temperature in the range of from about 500° F. to about 800° F.; (b) a pressure below about 13 atmospheres gauge; and (c) a liquid hourly space velocity in the range of from about 0.1 to 20, said effluent having a content of nitrogen-containing impurities, calculated by weight as nitrogen, below about 5 ppm; wherein said upgrading process and hydrocracking step are operated in a recycle mode; and (c) recovering a jet fuel fraction from the effluent of said hydrocracking process.

Claim 18

A process for increasing the effectiveness of hydrocarbon processing, comprising: (a) hydrocracking a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock having a normal boiling range above about 180° F. and below about 1200° F.; (b) upgrading at least part of the effluent of said hydrocracking process through use of an upgrading process comprising, (i) producing a process stream containing at least a substantial amount of C 3 to C 4 olefins by contacting said effluent part with a catalyst comprising a ZSM-5-type crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite in a form which is substantially free of hydrogenation activity, said contacting being under conditions including (a) a temperature in the range of from about 500° F. to about 800° F.; (b) a pressure below about 13 atmospheres gauge; and (c) a liquid hourly space velocity in the range of from about 0.1 to 20, said effluent having a content of nitrogen-containing impurities, calculated by weight as nitrogen, below about 5 ppm; wherein said upgrading process and hydrocracking step are operated in a recycle mode; and (c) forming aromatics from all or part of the fraction of the effluent of said hydrocracking step which boils below about 400° F.

Claim 19

A process for increasing the effectiveness of hydrocarbon processing, comprising: (a) hydrocracking a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock having a normal boiling range above about 180° F. and below about 1200° F.; (b) upgrading at least part of the effluent of said hydrocracking process through use of an upgrading process comprising, (i) producing a process stream containing at least a substantial amount of C 3 to C 4 olefins by contacting said effluent part with a catalyst comprising a ZSM-5-type crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite in a form which is substantially free of hydrogenation activity, said contacting being under conditions including (a) a temperature in the range of from about 500° F. to about 800° F.; (b) a pressure below about 13 atmospheres gauge; and (c) a liquid hourly space velocity in the range of from about 0.1 to 20, said effluent having a content of nitrogen-containing impurities, calculated by weight as nitrogen, below about 5 ppm; wherein said upgrading process and hydrocracking step are operated in a recycle mode; and (c) forming aromatics from all or part of the fraction of the effluent of said hydrocracking step which boils below about 400° F.

Claim 20

A process for increasing the effectiveness of hydrocarbon processing, comprising: (a) hydrocracking a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock having a normal boiling range above about 180° F. and below about 1200° F.; (b) upgrading at least part of the effluent of said hydrocracking process through use of an upgrading process comprising, (i) producing a process stream containing at least a substantial amount of C 3 to C 4 olefins by contacting said effluent part with a catalyst comprising a ZSM-5-type crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite in a form which is substantially free of hydrogenation activity, said contacting being under conditions including (a) a temperature in the range of from about 500° F. to about 800° F.; (b) a pressure below about 13 atmospheres gauge; and (c) a liquid hourly space velocity in the range of from about 0.1 to 20, said effluent having a content of nitrogen-containing impurities, calculated by weight as nitrogen, below about 5 ppm; wherein said upgrading process and hydrocracking step are operated in a recycle mode; and further comprising separating said process stream into at least one lower fraction boiling below about 400° F. and at least one higher fraction boiling above about 400° F.; recovering said lower fraction; and feeding at least part of said higher fraction to said hydrocracking step.

Claim 21

A process for increasing the effectiveness of hydrocarbon processing, comprising: (a) hydrocracking a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock having a normal boiling range above about 180° F. and below about 1200° F.; (b) upgrading at least part of the effluent of said hydrocracking process through use of an upgrading process comprising, (i) producing a process stream containing at least a substantial amount of C 3 to C 4 olefins by contacting said effluent part with a catalyst comprising a ZSM-5-type crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite in a form which is substantially free of hydrogenation activity, said contacting being under conditions including (a) a temperature in the range of from about 500° F. to about 800° F.; (b) a pressure below about 13 atmospheres gauge; and (c) a liquid hourly space velocity in the range of from about 0.1 to 20, said effluent having a content of nitrogen-containing impurities, calculated by weight as nitrogen, below about 5 ppm; wherein said upgrading process and hydrocracking step are operated in a recycle mode; and further comprising separating said process stream into at least one lower fraction boiling below about 400° F. and at least one higher fraction boiling above about 400° F.; recovering said lower fraction; and feeding at least part of said higher fraction to said hydrocracking step.

Claim 22

A process according to claim 12 further comprising the step of etherating all or part of the portion of said lower fraction which boils below about 225° F.

Claim 23

A process according to claim 13 wherein said etheration is performed by contacting said lower fraction with a C 1 to C 3 alcohol under etheration conditions.

Claim 24

A process according to claim 7 or 12 further comprising the step of forming aromatics from all or part of said lower fraction.

Claim 25

A process for increasing the effectiveness of hydrocarbon processing, comprising: (a) upgrading a hydrocarbonaceous feed having a normal boiling range above about 180° F. and below about 1200° F. through use of an upgrading process comprising, (i) producing a process stream containing at least a substantial amount of C 3 to C 4 olefins by contacting said feed with a catalyst comprising a ZSM-5-type crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite in a form which is substantially free of hydrogenation activity, said contacting being under conditions including (a) a temperature in the range of from about 500° F. to about 800° F.; (b) a pressure below about 13 atmospheres gauge; and (c) a liquid hourly space velocity in the range of from about 0.1 to 20, said feed having a content of nitrogen-containing impurities, calculated by weight as nitrogen, below about 5 ppm; and (b) recovering from said process stream an olefinic fraction which contains C 2 to C 7 olefins.

Claim 26

A process for increasing the effectiveness of hydrocarbon processing, comprising: (a) upgrading a hydrocarbonaceous feed having a normal boiling range above about 180° F. and below about 1200° F. through use of an upgrading process comprising, (i) producing a process stream containing at least a substantial amount of C 3 to C 4 olefins by contacting said feed with a catalyst comprising a ZSM-5-type crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite in a form which is substantially free of hydrogenation activity, said contacting being under conditions including (a) a temperature in the range of from about 500° F. to about 800° F.; (b) a pressure below about 13 atmospheres gauge; and (c) a liquid hourly space velocity in the range of from about 0.1 to 20, said feed having a content of nitrogen-containing impurities, calculated by weight as nitrogen, below about 5 ppm; and (b) recovering from said process stream an olefinic fraction which contains C 2 to C 7 olefins.

Claim 27

A process according to claim 16, further comprising polymerizing all or part of the olefins contained in said olefinic fraction.

Claim 28

A process according to claim 16, further comprising aralkylating all or part of said olefinic fraction by contact with an aromatic compound under arylalkylation conditions.

Claim 29

A process according to claim 18, wherein said aromatic compound is a substituted or unsubstituted benzene compound.

Claim 30

A process according to claim 16, further comprising hydrating all or part of the olefins in said olefinic fraction.

Claim 31

A process for increasing the effectiveness of hydrocarbon processing, comprising: (a) upgrading a hydrocarbonaceous feed having a normal boiling range above about 180° F. and below about 1200° F. through use of an upgrading process comprising, (i) producing a process stream containing at least a substantial amount of C 3 to C 4 olefins by contacting said feed with a catalyst comprising a ZSM-5-type crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite in a form which is substantially free of hydrogenation activity, said contacting being under conditions including (a) a temperature in the range of from about 500° F. to about 800° F.; (b) a pressure below about 13 atmospheres gauge; and (c) a liquid hourly space velocity in the range of from about 0.1 to 20, said feed having a content of nitrogen-containing impurities, calculated by weight as nitrogen, below about 5 ppm; and (b) stabilizing at least part of said process stream to oxidation.

Claim 32

A process for increasing the effectiveness of hydrocarbon processing, comprising: (a) upgrading a hydrocarbonaceous feed having a normal boiling range above about 180° F. and below about 1200° F. through use of an upgrading process comprising, (i) producing a process stream containing at least a substantial amount of C 3 to C 4 olefins by contacting said feed with a catalyst comprising a ZSM-5-type crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite in a form which is substantially free of hydrogenation activity, said contacting being under conditions including (a) a temperature in the range of from about 500° F. to about 800° F.; (b) a pressure below about 13 atmospheres gauge; and (c) a liquid hourly space velocity in the range of from about 0.1 to 20, said feed having a content of nitrogen-containing impurities, calculated by weight as nitrogen, below about 5 ppm; and (b) stabilizing at least part of said process stream to oxidation.

Claim 33

A process according to claim 21 wherein said stabilizing step comprises catalytic hydrofinishing.

Claim 34

A process according to claim 21 wherein said stabilizing step comprises chemical finishing.

Claim 35

A process according to claim 16 further comprising etherating all or part of the olefins in said olefinic fraction.

Claim 36

A process according to claim 24 wherein said etheration is performed by contacting said olefins with a C 1 to C 3 alkyl alcohol under etheration conditions.

Claim 37

A process according to claim 25 wherein said alcohol is methyl alcohol and said olefins comprise isobutene.

Claim 38

A process according to claim 25 further comprising recovering the ethers from the effluent of said etheration step and recycling all or part of the remainder of said effluent to said upgrading step.

Claim 39

A process according to claim 16, further comprising alkylating at least part of said olefinic fraction under alkylation conditions.