US4377440A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Process for manufacturing of formed products
Assignee: Individual
•
Filing: 1981-03-20
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Granted: 1983-03-22
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Expires: 2001-03-20
Abstract
Abstract A method of making a cellulosic paper or paperboard by agitating an aqueous suspension of cellulose fibers until they become separated from each other and swollen. A sufficient amount of hydrocolloid is added to bind the water in the suspension such that no water will bleed out during a subsequent shaping. The mixture is kneaded until a homogeneous, plastically deformable mixture is formed. The mixture contains about 50-90% water, fibers in excess of about 8% and hydrocolloid in excess of about 1% by weight. The mixture is shaped by extrusion, rolling, pressing or drawing.
Inventors
- 👤 Stein Gasland
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-28 10:34
CPC Classifications
D; D21; D21J; D21J3/00; B; B29; B29C; B29C48/00; B29C48/022; B29C48/03; B29C48/05; B29C70/00; B29C70/04; B29C70/28; B29C70/40; B29C70/50; B29C70/504; B29C70/508; C; C04; C04B; C04B26/00; C04B26/02; C04B28/00; C04B28/02; C04B30/00; C04B30/02; C08; C08L; C08L1/00; C08L1/02; C08L97/00; C08L97/02; C10; C10L; C10L5/00; C10L5/02; C10L5/06; C10L5/10; C10L5/14; D21C; D21C9/00; D21C9/001; D21C9/002; D21C9/005; D21H; D21H17/00; D21H17/20; D21H17/21; D21H17/22; D21H17/24; D21H17/25; D21H17/28; D21H17/30; D21H17/31; D21H17/33; D21H17/34; D21H17/37; D21H23/00; D21H23/02; D21H23/22; D21H23/24; D21H23/26; B29K; B29K2105/00; B29K2105/06; C08L1/08; C08L1/26; C08L1/28; C08L1/286; C08L29/00; C08L29/02; C08L29/04; C08L3/00; C08L3/02; C08L3/04; C08L3/10; C08L33/00; C08L33/24; C08L33/26; C08L5/00; C08L5/04; C08L5/14; C08L89/00; C08L89/005
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 18
Claim 1
Independent Claim
160 words
A method of making a shaped, smooth-surfaced cellulosic paper or paper board article from an aqueous suspension of cellulose fibers, the fibers having been agitated in water so as to become separated from each other and swollen, comprising the steps of: (a) preparing a homogeneous, plastically formable material by adding to the suspension sufficient hydrocolloid to bind substantially all of the water in the material to prevent it from bleeding out during subsequent shaping and to prevent the fibers from flocculating and by kneading the material, said material containing water in the range of from about 50 to about 90 percent, fibers in the range of from about 8 to about 49 percent, and hydrocolloid in the range of from about 1 to about 20 percent, by weight; (b) shaping the material into the desired shape by extrusion, injection molding, rolling, pressing or drawing; and (c) forming hydrogen bonds between the solids of the material by drying the shaped material.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
160 words
A method of making a shaped, smooth-surfaced cellulosic paper or paper board article from an aqueous suspension of cellulose fibers, the fibers having been agitated in water so as to become separated from each other and swollen, comprising the steps of: (a) preparing a homogeneous, plastically formable material by adding to the suspension sufficient hydrocolloid to bind substantially all of the water in the material to prevent it from bleeding out during subsequent shaping and to prevent the fibers from flocculating and by kneading the material, said material containing water in the range of from about 50 to about 90 percent, fibers in the range of from about 8 to about 49 percent, and hydrocolloid in the range of from about 1 to about 20 percent, by weight; (b) shaping the material into the desired shape by extrusion, injection molding, rolling, pressing or drawing; and (c) forming hydrogen bonds between the solids of the material by drying the shaped material.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
27 words
A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein a predetermined ratio of water to fibers is obtained by dewatering the aqueous dispersion prior to adding the hydrocolloid.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
35 words
A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein a particulate mineral material selected from the group consisting of clay, chalk, gypsum, coal, and mixtures thereof, is added to the plastically formable material as a filler.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
38 words
A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hydrocolloid is selected from the group consisting of starch, starch derivatives, dextrines, polyvinylalcohol, cellulose derivatives, animal protein, vegetable gum, vegetable protein, alginate, cereal flour, tuber flour, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
14 words
A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hydrocolloid comprises a synthetic hydrocolloid.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
43 words
A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hydrocolloid is selected from the group consisting of carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, casein, guar gum, locust bean gum, polyacrylamide, wheat flour, oat flour, rye flour, barley flour, corn flour, potato flour, tapioca flour, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
21 words
A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hydrocolloid is added to the aqueous dispersion in a substantially dry state.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
22 words
A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hydrocolloid is added to the aqueous dispersion dissolved or dispersed in a liquid.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
20 words
A method as claimed in claim 1, including the step of expanding the shaped article to create cellular structure therein.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
26 words
A method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the expanding step comprises the generation of a gas, the liberation of steam or foaming within the article.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
29 words
A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plastically formable material is softened by heating it to a temperature in excess of ambient temperature to improve its formability.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
26 words
A method as claimed in claim 6, including the step of adding gypsum to the plastically formable material to improve the drying of the shaped article.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
29 words
A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the shaping step is carried out using an extruder having an effective diameter which is not in excess of 2 millimeters.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
32 words
A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the shaping step is carried out using an extruder having a flat extruding nozzle with an opening which is about 0.3 millimeters in height.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
24 words
A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the shaped article is selected from the group consisting of paper, paper board and fiber board.
Claim 17
Independent Claim
174 words
A method of making a shaped, cellulosic paper or paper board article from an aqueous suspension of cellulosed fibers, the fibers having been agitated in water so as to become separated from each other and swollen, comprising the steps of: (a) preparing a homogeneous, plastically formable material by adding to the suspension sufficient hydrocolloid to bind substantially all of the water in the material to prevent it from bleeding out during subsequent shaping and to prevent the fibers from flocculating, and by kneading the material, said preparation and kneading taking place at a temperature in excess of about 20° C. sufficient to soften the material said material containing from about 50 to about 90 percent water, fibers in excess of about 8 percent, and hydrocolloid in excess of about 1 percent by weight; (b) shaping the material into the desired shape by extrusion, injunction molding, rolling, pressing or drawing, said shaping taking place while the material remains softened; and (c) forming hydrogen bonds between the solids of the material by drying the shaped material.
Claim 18
Independent Claim
174 words
A method of making a shaped, cellulosic paper or paper board article from an aqueous suspension of cellulosed fibers, the fibers having been agitated in water so as to become separated from each other and swollen, comprising the steps of: (a) preparing a homogeneous, plastically formable material by adding to the suspension sufficient hydrocolloid to bind substantially all of the water in the material to prevent it from bleeding out during subsequent shaping and to prevent the fibers from flocculating, and by kneading the material, said preparation and kneading taking place at a temperature in excess of about 20° C. sufficient to soften the material said material containing from about 50 to about 90 percent water, fibers in excess of about 8 percent, and hydrocolloid in excess of about 1 percent by weight; (b) shaping the material into the desired shape by extrusion, injunction molding, rolling, pressing or drawing, said shaping taking place while the material remains softened; and (c) forming hydrogen bonds between the solids of the material by drying the shaped material.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1986-03-21 | 1986-09-20 | 1987-03-22 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1990-03-21 | 1990-09-20 | 1991-03-22 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1994-03-21 | 1994-09-20 | 1995-03-22 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |