US4376654A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Aqueous multiphase dispersions and preparation thereof
Assignee: Individual
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Filing: 1978-05-18
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Granted: 1983-03-15
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Expires: 1998-05-18
Abstract
Abstract The invention is a method of producing dispersions of aqueous globules in an aqueous medium. The aqueous phases are rendered insoluble or immiscible in one another by the presence in separate phases of colloidal ionic reactants, preferably macromolecular polyelectrolytes, which are opposite in charge. The dispersed globules are larger than colloidal dimensions, and may be as large as one-half inch or more in length. If desired, they can be separated from the continuous medium and dried as discrete particles. When one or more of the aqueous phases are different in color, the compositions are useful in producing multicolor coatings, ceramic glazes, and fibrous webs. The dispersion is unique in that each of the dispersed globules possesses such plasticity and coherence that it may be subjected to substantial shear without subdividing. The dispersion when the globules are colored may be applied to a desired surface to impart either a first or second decorative appearance thereto. The first decorative appearance is attained when some of the globules are colored differently from others, and the suspending medium is substantially clear or translucent. On application of the dispersion to a surface, due to the resilience and cohesiveness of the material defining the globules, the globules appear in a uniform spaced relationship and assume a configuration which is relatively independent of the method of application. The second decorative appearance is attained when both the globules and suspending medium are colored and different in color from one another. The pattern obtained by application is then variable in accordance with the method of deposition. When the dispersion is applied by brush or roller, inherent small variations in film thickness result in different flow patterns of globules and suspending medium, imparting a striated or mottled decorative appearance to the surface corresponding to the directional shear or geometrical configuration of the application tool.
Inventors
- 👤 John C. Zola
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-04 22:06
CPC Classifications
C; C09; C09D; C09D5/00; C09D5/29; B; B01; B01J; B01J13/00; B01J13/02; B01J13/06; B01J13/10; C09D7/00; C09D7/40; C09D7/45
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 29
Claim 1
Independent Claim
209 words
The coating composition of the process of: a. preparing at least one first flowable colored aqueous phase comprising a plurality of first colloid ions that have an aggregate charge that is either anionic or cationic; b. preparing a second flowable aqueous phase of a color different from that of said first aqueous phase, said second aqueous phase comprising a plurality of second colloid ions that have an aggregate charge opposite to that of said aggregate charge of said first colloid ions, said first and second colloid ions when intermixed capable of reacting to define a body of hydrated anionic-cationic complex of fluid to gelatinous consistency that is of substantially less volume than the combined volume of said first and second phases; c. intermixing said first and second phases to obtain said body of hydrated anionic-cationic complex that is disposed in a continuous aqueous phase, which continuous aqueous phase is what remains of said first and second phases after said anionic and cationic ions have reacted to form said hydrated anionic-cationic complex; and d. subdividing said body of hydrated anionic-cationic complex into a plurality of discrete globules of such size that the major portion thereof are visible to the naked eye, with said globules being dispersed in said continuous phase.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
209 words
The coating composition of the process of: a. preparing at least one first flowable colored aqueous phase comprising a plurality of first colloid ions that have an aggregate charge that is either anionic or cationic; b. preparing a second flowable aqueous phase of a color different from that of said first aqueous phase, said second aqueous phase comprising a plurality of second colloid ions that have an aggregate charge opposite to that of said aggregate charge of said first colloid ions, said first and second colloid ions when intermixed capable of reacting to define a body of hydrated anionic-cationic complex of fluid to gelatinous consistency that is of substantially less volume than the combined volume of said first and second phases; c. intermixing said first and second phases to obtain said body of hydrated anionic-cationic complex that is disposed in a continuous aqueous phase, which continuous aqueous phase is what remains of said first and second phases after said anionic and cationic ions have reacted to form said hydrated anionic-cationic complex; and d. subdividing said body of hydrated anionic-cationic complex into a plurality of discrete globules of such size that the major portion thereof are visible to the naked eye, with said globules being dispersed in said continuous phase.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
25 words
A coating composition of the process of claim 1 wherein at least one of said first and second ionic colloid comprises an aqueous macromolecular polyelectrolyte.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
41 words
A coating composition of the process of claim 1 which further includes: e. a plurality of minute particles of a non-water soluble colorant initially suspended in said first aqueous phase that is incorporated in said globules as in integral part thereof.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
38 words
A coating composition of this process of claim 1 in which a first part of said globules are of a first color and a second part of said globules are a second color different from said first color.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
35 words
A coating composition of the process of claim 1 in which a water thinable film forming polymer is added to at least one of said first and second aqueous phases prior to the intermixing thereof.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
29 words
A coating composition of the process of claim 1 which further includes: e. a water dispersible ceramic compound in said first aqueous phase that is incorporated into said globules.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
42 words
A coating composition of the process of claim 1 which further includes: e. a slurry of particulate materials in said first aqueous phase selected from the group comprising cellulosic fibers, asbestos fibers, glass fibers, synthetic polymer fibers, cellulosic grannules and saw dust.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
24 words
A coating composition of the process of claim 1 in which said first aqueous phase is anionic and said second aqueous phase is cationic.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
23 words
A coating composition of the process of claim 1 in which said first aqueous phase is cationic and said second aqueous phase anionic.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
26 words
A coating composition of the process of claim 1 in which said second aqueous phase contains both an organic anionic colloid and an inorganic anionic colloid.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
25 words
A coating composition of the process of claim 10 in which said inorganic anionic colloid is a clay selected from the minerals characterized as smectites.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
21 words
A coating composition of the process of claim 10 in which said inorganic anionic colloid is a synthetic water swellable clay.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
37 words
A coating composition of the process of claim 12 in which said clay is present in said second phase of an amount of substantially between 0.10 percent and 1.0 percent of the weight of said second phase.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
31 words
A coating composition of the process of claim 1 wherein said first aqueous phase contains a cationic reactant selected from the group consisting of onium derivatives of polysaccharides and synthetic polymers.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
25 words
A coating composition of the process of claim 1 wherein said first aqueous phase contains a cationic reactant that is quaternary ammonium derivatives of cellulose.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
34 words
A coating composition of the process of claim 1 wherein said second aqueous phase contains an anionic macromolecular polymer selected from the group consisting of polymers containing sulfonic groups and polymers containing sulfate groups.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
24 words
A coating composition of the process of claim 1 wherein said second aqueous phase contains an anionic reactant that is a macromolecular acrylic polymer.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
21 words
A coating composition of the process of claim 1 wherein said first aqueous phase includes both ionic and non-ionic macromolecular colloids.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
22 words
A coating composition of the process of claim 1 wherein said first aqueous phase (also) contains a hydroxyalkyl derivative of a polysacchride.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
59 words
A coating composition of the process of claim 1 wherein said first aqueous phase contains an aqueous macromolecular polyelectrolyte and further includes a reactant which is charged oppositely from said aqueous macromolecular polyelectrolyte, and said reactant sufficient in amount to increase the viscosity of said first aqueous phase but insufficient to neutralize the activity of said aqueous macromolecular polyelectrolyte.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
20 words
A coating composition of the process of claim 20 wherein said oppositely charged reactant comprises a polyelectrolyte containing sulfonic groups.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
20 words
A coating composition of the process of claim 5 wherein said water thinable film forming polymer is a latex polyester.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
23 words
A coating composition of the process of claim 1 wherein said first aqueous phase is different in color from said second aqueous phase.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
44 words
A coating composition of the process of claim 1 in which said first aqueous phase contains a macromolecular polyelectrolyte selected from the group consisting of sulfonated, sulphated and carboxylated polymers, water soluble polyesters, maleinized oils, maleinized esters of styrene-allyl alcohol copolymers and carboxylated cellulosics.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
47 words
A coating composition of the process of claim 1 in which a plurality of first aqueous phases of different colors are prepared separately and added separately to said second aqueous phase to obtain a plurality of bodies of said globules that are of a plurality of colors.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
51 words
A coating composition of the process of claim 1 which includes the additional step of: e. adding a non-ionic colloid to at least one of said first and second flowable aqueous phases prior to the intermixing thereof to minimize dehydration of said body of hydrated anionic-cationic complex and said globules thereof.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
50 words
A coating composition of the processes of claim 1 which includes the additional step of: e. adding water swellable clay to at least one of said first and second aqueous phases prior to the intermixing thereof to improve the drying time of said decorative coating when applied to a substrate.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
80 words
A coating composition of the process of claim 1 which includes the additional step of: e. adding a slurry of particulate materials to at least one of said first and second phases prior to said intermixing thereof, said particulate materials selected from the group comprising cellulosive fibers, asbestos fibers, glass fibers, synthetic polymer fibers, asbestos cellulosive granules and saw dust, said particulate materials being entrapped in said body of hydrated anionic-cationic complex and said globules resulting from the subdividing thereof.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1986-03-14 | 1986-09-13 | 1987-03-15 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1990-03-14 | 1990-09-13 | 1991-03-15 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1994-03-14 | 1994-09-13 | 1995-03-15 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |