US4375973A — Additive combinations and fuels containing them

Claim 1

Independent Claim 360 words

A wax-containing petroleum fuel oil comprising a major proportion of a distillate oil boiling in the range of 120° to 500° C., which fuel oil has been improved in its low temperature flow properties, containing in the range of about 0.001 to 0.5 wt.%, based on the weight of the total composition, of a flow improving combination of: (A) one part by weight of an oil-soluble ethylene backbone distillate flow improving polymer having a number average molecular weight in the range of about 500 to 50,000 which is a copolymer consisting essentially of 3 to 40 molar proportions of ethylene per molar proportion of unsaturated ester of the general formula: ##STR4## wherein R 1 is methyl or hydrogen, R 2 is --OOCR 4 or --COOR 4 where R 4 is a C 1 to C 28 alkyl group and R 3 is hydrogen or --COOR 4 ; (B) 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of an oil soluble hydrocarbon polymer having a number average molecular weight in the range of 10 3 to 10 6 selected from the group consisting of: copolymers comprising about 15 to 90 wt.% ethylene and 10 to 85 wt.% C 3 to C 30 olefin; hydrogenated polymer consisting essentially of styrene or alkylated styrene with conjugated diene selected from the group consisting of butadiene, isoprene, piperylene and 2,3-dimethyl butadiene, or mixtures thereof; polymers consisting essentially of polyisobutylene; hydrogenated conjugated diene polymers consisting essentially of 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, 1,3-pentadiene, or 1,3-dimethyl butadiene, or mixtures thereof; and (C) 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of polar oil soluble compound selected from the group consisting of: (1) oil soluble nitrogen compounds containing a total of 30 to 300 carbon atoms and having at least one straight chain alkyl segment of 8 to 40 carbons and selected from the class consisting of amine salts and/or amides of hydrocarbyl carboxylic acids or anhydrides having 1 to 4 carbonyl groups; and (2) compounds, other than (1) above, of the formula RX wherein R is an oil solubilizing hydrocarbon group of 8 to 150 carbon atoms and X is selected from the group consisting of carboxylate, sulfonate, sulphate, phosphate, phenate, and borate groups.

Claim 2

Dependent Claim 360 words

A wax-containing petroleum fuel oil comprising a major proportion of a distillate oil boiling in the range of 120° to 500° C., which fuel oil has been improved in its low temperature flow properties, containing in the range of about 0.001 to 0.5 wt.%, based on the weight of the total composition, of a flow improving combination of: (A) one part by weight of an oil-soluble ethylene backbone distillate flow improving polymer having a number average molecular weight in the range of about 500 to 50,000 which is a copolymer consisting essentially of 3 to 40 molar proportions of ethylene per molar proportion of unsaturated ester of the general formula: ##STR4## wherein R 1 is methyl or hydrogen, R 2 is --OOCR 4 or --COOR 4 where R 4 is a C 1 to C 28 alkyl group and R 3 is hydrogen or --COOR 4 ; (B) 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of an oil soluble hydrocarbon polymer having a number average molecular weight in the range of 10 3 to 10 6 selected from the group consisting of: copolymers comprising about 15 to 90 wt.% ethylene and 10 to 85 wt.% C 3 to C 30 olefin; hydrogenated polymer consisting essentially of styrene or alkylated styrene with conjugated diene selected from the group consisting of butadiene, isoprene, piperylene and 2,3-dimethyl butadiene, or mixtures thereof; polymers consisting essentially of polyisobutylene; hydrogenated conjugated diene polymers consisting essentially of 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, 1,3-pentadiene, or 1,3-dimethyl butadiene, or mixtures thereof; and (C) 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of polar oil soluble compound selected from the group consisting of: (1) oil soluble nitrogen compounds containing a total of 30 to 300 carbon atoms and having at least one straight chain alkyl segment of 8 to 40 carbons and selected from the class consisting of amine salts and/or amides of hydrocarbyl carboxylic acids or anhydrides having 1 to 4 carbonyl groups; and (2) compounds, other than (1) above, of the formula RX wherein R is an oil solubilizing hydrocarbon group of 8 to 150 carbon atoms and X is selected from the group consisting of carboxylate, sulfonate, sulphate, phosphate, phenate, and borate groups.

Claim 3

Dependent Claim 52 words

A fuel oil according to claim 1, wherein said ethylene backbone distillate flow improver has a molecular weight of about 1000 to 6000 and is a copolymer of 4 to 20 molar proportions of ethylene with said unsaturated ester, and wherein R 4 is a C 1 to C 8 alkyl group.

Claim 4

Dependent Claim 20 words

A fuel oil according to claim 2, wherein said ethylene backbone polymer is a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate.

Claim 5

Dependent Claim 43 words

A fuel oil according to claim 1 or 3, wherein said hydrocarbon polymer is a lubricating oil viscosity index improving copolymer comprising ethylene and propylene and having a number average molecular weight in the range of about 10 4 to 10 6 .

Claim 6

Dependent Claim 21 words

A fuel oil according to claim 1 or 3, wherein said hydrocarbon polymer is a polyisobutylene lubricating oil viscosity index improver.

Claim 7

Dependent Claim 58 words

A fuel oil according to claim 1 or 3, wherein said polar oil soluble compound is said oil soluble nitrogen compound which is a salt and/or amide of an acid material selected from the group consisting of maleic anhydride, alkenyl succinic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, and citric acid, with amine having C 14 to C 24 straight chain groups.

Claim 8

Dependent Claim 34 words

A fuel oil according to claim 6, wherein said nitrogen compound is phthalic acid or phthalic anhydride reacted with secondary alkyl monoamine having straight chain alkyl groups of about 14 to 18 carbon atoms.

Claim 9

Dependent Claim 29 words

A fuel oil according to claim 6, wherein said nitrogen compound is citric acid reacted with secondary alkyl amine having alkyl groups essentially of 14 to 18 carbon atoms.

Claim 10

Dependent Claim 33 words

A distillate fuel oil according to claim 6, wherein said nitrogen compound is the reaction product of maleic anhydride and secondary alkyl amine having alkyl groups essentially of 14 to 18 carbon atoms.

Claim 11

Dependent Claim 156 words

A distillate fuel oil containing about 0.001 to 0.5 wt.% of an additive combination of one part by weight of a copolymer of 4 to 20 moles of ethylene per mole of vinyl acetate, said copolymer having a number average molecular weight of about 1000 to 6000; about 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of a viscosity index improving lubricating oil additive which is a hydrocarbon polymer having a number average molecular weight in the range of about 20,000 to 250,000 selected from the group consisting of polymers consisting essentially of polyisobutylene and copolymers comprising 30 to 80 wt.% ethylene and 10 to 85 wt.% propylene; and about 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of a nitrogen compound which is the reaction product of an acid selected from the group consisting of maleic, succinic, phthalic and citric acid, or anhydride thereof, with primary or secondary amine having straight chain C 12 to C 30 alkyl groups.

Claim 12

Dependent Claim 156 words

A distillate fuel oil containing about 0.001 to 0.5 wt.% of an additive combination of one part by weight of a copolymer of 4 to 20 moles of ethylene per mole of vinyl acetate, said copolymer having a number average molecular weight of about 1000 to 6000; about 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of a viscosity index improving lubricating oil additive which is a hydrocarbon polymer having a number average molecular weight in the range of about 20,000 to 250,000 selected from the group consisting of polymers consisting essentially of polyisobutylene and copolymers comprising 30 to 80 wt.% ethylene and 10 to 85 wt.% propylene; and about 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of a nitrogen compound which is the reaction product of an acid selected from the group consisting of maleic, succinic, phthalic and citric acid, or anhydride thereof, with primary or secondary amine having straight chain C 12 to C 30 alkyl groups.

Claim 13

Dependent Claim 21 words

A distillate fuel oil according to claim 10, useful as a diesel engine fuel oil and which further contains foots oil.

Claim 14

Dependent Claim 54 words

A fuel oil according to claim 10, which contains about 0.005 to 0.2 wt.% of said additive combination including about 0.2 to 2 parts by weight of copolymer consisting essentially of ethylene and propylene, and about 0.2 to 1 part by weight of the reaction product of phthalic anhydride and hydrogenated secondary tallow amine.

Annuity Stage	Window Opens	Payment Deadline	Surcharge Period Until	Estimated Fee	Status
3.5 Years (Year 4)	1986-03-07	1986-09-06	1987-03-08	$2000.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8)	1990-03-07	1990-09-06	1991-03-08	$3760.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12)	1994-03-07	1994-09-06	1995-03-08	$7700.00	Window Closed / Lapsed

Additive combinations and fuels containing them

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