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US4373127A Expired / Lapsed US ⏱️ 0.0 years remaining

EDM Electrodes

Assignee: 3M Co
•
Filing: 1980-02-06
•
Granted: 1983-02-08
•
Expires: 2000-02-06
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Abstract

Abstract A precision molded electrical discharge machining electrode is made by shaping a preform from granules of carbon and granules of a refractory material selected from the group consisting of tungsten, molybdenum, carbides thereof, and stoichiometric and hyperstoichiometric carbides of the other elements of the groups IVB, VB, and VIB of the Periodic Table of the Elements, the carbon and refractory granules being interconnected in the form of a skeleton at their contiguous points of contact, and infiltrating the preform with copper, silver, or alloys containing those metals.

Inventors

  • 👤 Thomas E. Haskett
  • 👤 Joseph J. Schmitt

Bibliographic Details

Application Number —
Jurisdiction US
Data Source google_patents
Last Synchronized 2026-10-30 23:23
CPC Classifications
B; B22; B22F; B22F5/00; B22F5/007; B23; B23H; B23H1/00; B23H1/04; B23H1/06; B22F2998/00; B22F2998/10; Y; Y10; Y10T; Y10T29/00; Y10T29/49; Y10T29/49002; Y10T29/49117; Y10T29/49204; Y10T29/49208; Y10T29/4921; Y10T29/49211; Y10T29/49213; Y10T29/49215

Claims Analysis

Total Claims: 23
Claim 1
Independent Claim 253 words
A shaped, electrical discharge machining electrode, consisting essentially of: (1) a monolithic skeleton consisting essentially of (a) granules of carbon and (b) granules of a refractory material selected from the group consisting of tungsten, molybdenum, carbides of these two metals and stoichiometric and hyperstoichiometric carbides of the other elements of groups IVB, VB, and VIB of the Periodic Table of the Elements, the majority of said carbon granules being greater than about one micrometer in mean diameter, said refractory material being wettable by molten copper or silver, said carbon granules and said refractory granules being interconnected at their contiguous points of contact; and (2) a continuous phase consisting essentially of copper, silver, or alloys containing copper or silver, and occupying the connected porosity in said skeleton; wherein the volume percent of said carbon, said refractory, and said continuous phase are on or within the boundaries DEFG of FIG. 7, and the fraction expressed by the formula ##EQU9## wherein C is said carbon, R is said refractory, the volume percent terms are the fraction of said electrode occupied by C or R, and the surface area terms are the surface areas in m 2 /g of said carbon or refractory granules measured before said carbon or refractory granules are used in making said electrode, is less than about 75, said electrode thereby being a monolithic structure consisting essentially of two intermeshed matrices, being substantially free of voids, and being substantially free of materials which are soluble in said continuous phase and reactive with carbon.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim 253 words
A shaped, electrical discharge machining electrode, consisting essentially of: (1) a monolithic skeleton consisting essentially of (a) granules of carbon and (b) granules of a refractory material selected from the group consisting of tungsten, molybdenum, carbides of these two metals and stoichiometric and hyperstoichiometric carbides of the other elements of groups IVB, VB, and VIB of the Periodic Table of the Elements, the majority of said carbon granules being greater than about one micrometer in mean diameter, said refractory material being wettable by molten copper or silver, said carbon granules and said refractory granules being interconnected at their contiguous points of contact; and (2) a continuous phase consisting essentially of copper, silver, or alloys containing copper or silver, and occupying the connected porosity in said skeleton; wherein the volume percent of said carbon, said refractory, and said continuous phase are on or within the boundaries DEFG of FIG. 7, and the fraction expressed by the formula ##EQU9## wherein C is said carbon, R is said refractory, the volume percent terms are the fraction of said electrode occupied by C or R, and the surface area terms are the surface areas in m 2 /g of said carbon or refractory granules measured before said carbon or refractory granules are used in making said electrode, is less than about 75, said electrode thereby being a monolithic structure consisting essentially of two intermeshed matrices, being substantially free of voids, and being substantially free of materials which are soluble in said continuous phase and reactive with carbon.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim 27 words
An electrical discharge machining electrode according to claim 1, wherein said electrode has homogeneous density and said carbon granules and said refractory granules have essentially random orientation.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim 16 words
An electrical discharge machining electrode according to claim 1, wherein said carbon granules are amorphous carbon.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim 15 words
An electrical discharge machining electrode according to claim 1, wherein said carbon granules are graphite.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim 25 words
An electrical discharge machining electrode according to claim 1, wherein said carbon granules have a surface area of less than about 15 m 2 /g.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim 25 words
An electrical discharge machining electrode according to claim 1, wherein said carbon granules have a surface area of less than about 7 m 2 /g.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim 14 words
An electrical discharge machining electrode according to claim 1, wherein said refractory is tungsten.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim 14 words
An electrical discharge machining electrode according to claim 1, wherein said refractory is molybdenum.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim 35 words
An electrical discharge machining electrode according to claim 1, wherein said refractory is a stoichiometric or hyperstoichiometric carbide of an element selected from groups IVB, VB, and VIB or the Periodic Table of the Elements.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim 15 words
An electrical discharge machining electrode according to claim 1, wherein said refractory is tungsten carbide.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim 15 words
An electrical discharge machining electrode according to claim 1, wherein said refractory is molybdenum carbide.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim 20 words
An electrical discharge machining electrode according to claim 1, wherein said refractory is molybdenum precipitated onto a carbon nucleating agent.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim 20 words
An electrical discharge machining electrode according to claim 1, wherein said refractory granules have a bimodal distribution of particle sizes.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim 32 words
An electrical discharge machining electrode according to claim 1, wherein the volume percent of said carbon, said refractory, and said continuous phase are on or within the boundaries HIJK of FIG. 7.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim 191 words
A precision molded electrical discharge machining electrode, consisting essentially of (1) a skeleton consisting essentially of (a) granules of graphite and (b) granules of tungsten, the majority of said graphite granules being greater than about 1 micrometer in mean diameter, said graphite granules and said tungsten granules being interconnected at their contiguous points of contact; and (2) a continuous phase consisting essentially of copper occupying the connected porosity in said skeleton; wherein the volume percent of said graphite, said tungsten, and said continuous phase are on or within boundaries DEFG of FIG. 7, and the fraction expressed by the formula ##EQU10## wherein C is said graphite, R is said tungsten, the volume percent terms are the fraction of said electrode occupied by C or R, and the surface area terms are the surface areas in m 2 /g of said graphite or tungsten granules measured before said graphite or tungsten granules are used in making said electrode, is less than about 75, said electrode thereby consisting essentially of two intermeshed matrices being substantially free of voids substantially free of materials which are soluble in said continuous phase and reactive with carbon.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim 191 words
A precision molded electrical discharge machining electrode, consisting essentially of (1) a skeleton consisting essentially of (a) granules of graphite and (b) granules of tungsten, the majority of said graphite granules being greater than about 1 micrometer in mean diameter, said graphite granules and said tungsten granules being interconnected at their contiguous points of contact; and (2) a continuous phase consisting essentially of copper occupying the connected porosity in said skeleton; wherein the volume percent of said graphite, said tungsten, and said continuous phase are on or within boundaries DEFG of FIG. 7, and the fraction expressed by the formula ##EQU10## wherein C is said graphite, R is said tungsten, the volume percent terms are the fraction of said electrode occupied by C or R, and the surface area terms are the surface areas in m 2 /g of said graphite or tungsten granules measured before said graphite or tungsten granules are used in making said electrode, is less than about 75, said electrode thereby consisting essentially of two intermeshed matrices being substantially free of voids substantially free of materials which are soluble in said continuous phase and reactive with carbon.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim 22 words
An electrical discharge machining electrode according to claim 15, wherein there is no perceptible necking between the contiguous granules of said tungsten.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim 30 words
An EDM electrode according to claim 15, wherein the volume percent of said graphite, said tungsten, and said continuous phase are on or within the boundaries HIJK of FIG. 7.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim 105 words
A skeletal article, consisting essentially of granules of carbon and granules of a refractory material selected from the group consisting of tungsten, molybdenum, carbides thereof, and stoichiometric and hyperstoichiometric carbides of the other elements of groups IVB, VB, and VIB of the Periodic Table of the Elements, the majority of said carbon granules being greater than about one micrometer in size, said refractory material being wettable by molten copper or silver without use of a wetting promoting metal, and said carbon granules and said refractory granules being interconnected at their contiguous points of contact by an amorphous carbon residue less than one micrometer in thickness.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim 105 words
A skeletal article, consisting essentially of granules of carbon and granules of a refractory material selected from the group consisting of tungsten, molybdenum, carbides thereof, and stoichiometric and hyperstoichiometric carbides of the other elements of groups IVB, VB, and VIB of the Periodic Table of the Elements, the majority of said carbon granules being greater than about one micrometer in size, said refractory material being wettable by molten copper or silver without use of a wetting promoting metal, and said carbon granules and said refractory granules being interconnected at their contiguous points of contact by an amorphous carbon residue less than one micrometer in thickness.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim 113 words
A skeletal article, consisting essentially of: (a) granules of carbon, (b) granules of a refractory material selected from the group consisting of tungsten, molybdenum, carbides thereof, and stoichiometric and hyperstoichiometric carbides of the other elements of groups IVB, VB, and VIB of the Periodic Table of the Elements, and (c) granules of copper, silver, or an alloy containing copper or silver, the majority of said carbon granules being greater than about one micrometer in size, said refractory material being wettable by molten copper or silver without use of a wetting promoting metal, and said granules (a), (b), and (c) being interconnected at their contiguous points of contact by a submicron amorphous carbon residue.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim 113 words
A skeletal article, consisting essentially of: (a) granules of carbon, (b) granules of a refractory material selected from the group consisting of tungsten, molybdenum, carbides thereof, and stoichiometric and hyperstoichiometric carbides of the other elements of groups IVB, VB, and VIB of the Periodic Table of the Elements, and (c) granules of copper, silver, or an alloy containing copper or silver, the majority of said carbon granules being greater than about one micrometer in size, said refractory material being wettable by molten copper or silver without use of a wetting promoting metal, and said granules (a), (b), and (c) being interconnected at their contiguous points of contact by a submicron amorphous carbon residue.

References Cited (Backward Citations)

US2289708A Cited
US3235346A Cited
US3241949A Cited
US3745296A Cited
US3929476A Cited
US4153755A Cited
GB2005728A Cited

USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows

Annuity Stage Window Opens Payment Deadline Surcharge Period Until Estimated Fee Status
3.5 Years (Year 4) 1986-02-07 1986-08-09 1987-02-08 $2000.00 Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8) 1990-02-07 1990-08-09 1991-02-08 $3760.00 Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12) 1994-02-07 1994-08-09 1995-02-08 $7700.00 Window Closed / Lapsed

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