US4371933A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Bi-directional display of circular arcs
Assignee: International Business Machines Corp
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Filing: 1980-10-06
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Granted: 1983-02-01
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Expires: 2000-10-06
Abstract
Abstract An improved method and apparatus are disclosed for generating circular arcs of any arc length greater than zero up to and including a full circle of 360 degrees. The method and apparatus can locate nonsymmetrical closest points for noninteger radius and arc center values. The method and apparatus is capable of generating the incremental move commands for drawing an arc either in the clockwise or counter clockwise direction which is a distinct advantage when used to drive a pen type electromechanical plotter. By dividing the generation of a 360 degree arc into eight octants, only two of the original eight directions need to be considered as candidate directions toward the next integer display matrix value to be displayed. The method and apparatus employ a novel initialization which provides a simple stopping test for any circular arc of arbitrary length and direction. Only simple addition and sign testing is used to display the circular arc.
Inventors
- 👤 Jack E. Bresenham
- 👤 Donald G. Grice
- 👤 Shing-Chou Pi
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-23 16:48
CPC Classifications
G; G06; G06K; G06K15/00; G06K15/22; G09; G09G; G09G1/00; G09G1/06; G09G1/08; G09G1/10; G09G5/00; G09G5/20
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 8
Claim 1
Independent Claim
112 words
A graphic output system for creating a portion of a circular arc on an incremental Cartesian coordinate output device comprising: a computer for establishing initialization parameters from specifications of a circular arc supplied by a graphic application program; logic for testing an octant transition count for a termination octant; logic for testing for an end point in said termination octant; logic for testing for an octant boundary; logic to reinitialize at least some of said intial parameters at each octant boundary; logic for selecting a unit direction for an incremental output movement; logic for modifying at least some of said initial parameters; and output means for moving in said selected unit direction.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
112 words
A graphic output system for creating a portion of a circular arc on an incremental Cartesian coordinate output device comprising: a computer for establishing initialization parameters from specifications of a circular arc supplied by a graphic application program; logic for testing an octant transition count for a termination octant; logic for testing for an end point in said termination octant; logic for testing for an octant boundary; logic to reinitialize at least some of said intial parameters at each octant boundary; logic for selecting a unit direction for an incremental output movement; logic for modifying at least some of said initial parameters; and output means for moving in said selected unit direction.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
59 words
A graphic output system of claim 1 wherein said logic for testing octant transition count further comprises: logic for executing a single sign test; and wherein said logic for testing for an end point in said termination octant operates as a function of the direction of rotation and an initial parameter whether the termination octant is odd or even.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
104 words
The graphic output system of claim 2 wherein said computer comprises logic steps for establishing initial parameters further comprising: calculating a closest integer point and an error measure to each of a starting point and a termination point specified by said application program; determining initial loop variables, initial loop constants, initial unit direction vectors, a starting absolute octant indicator, and a major/minor arc resolution indicator from said starting point, and said start error measure and rotation direction; determining termination variables and a termination absolute octant indicator from said termination point; calculating said octant count difference from said absolute octant indicators and said arc indicator.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
32 words
The graphic output system of claim 1 wherein said logic to reinitialize at least some of said initial parameters at each boundary crossing reinitialize unit direction vectors, loop variables, and loop constants.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
71 words
The graphic output system of claim 4 wherein said logic for testing an octant boundary also detects octant boundaries which are additionally quadrant boundaries; and wherein said logic for reinitializing at least some of said initial parameters reinitializes one of said unit direction vectors when a quadrant boundary has been detected and reinitializing another of said unit direction vectors when an octant boundary which is not a quadrant boundary is detected.
Claim 7
Independent Claim
179 words
A method for creating a portion of a circular arc on an incremental Cartesian coordinate output device comprising the steps of: calculating a closest integer point and an error measure to each of a starting point and a termination point specified by an application program; determining initial loop variables, initial loop constants, initial unit direction vectors, a starting absolute octant indicator, and a major/minor arc resolution indicator from said starting point and said start error measure, and a rotation direction specified by said application program; determining termination values and a termination absolute octant indicator from said termination point; calculating said octant difference from said absolute octant indicators and said arc indicator. testing an octant transition count for a termination octant; testing for an end point in said termination octant; testing for an octant boundary; reinitializing at least some of said initial loop variables and initial loop constants at each octant boundary; selecting a unit direction for an incremental output movement; modifying at least one of said unit direction vectors; and moving an output display in said selected unit direction.
Claim 8
Independent Claim
179 words
A method for creating a portion of a circular arc on an incremental Cartesian coordinate output device comprising the steps of: calculating a closest integer point and an error measure to each of a starting point and a termination point specified by an application program; determining initial loop variables, initial loop constants, initial unit direction vectors, a starting absolute octant indicator, and a major/minor arc resolution indicator from said starting point and said start error measure, and a rotation direction specified by said application program; determining termination values and a termination absolute octant indicator from said termination point; calculating said octant difference from said absolute octant indicators and said arc indicator. testing an octant transition count for a termination octant; testing for an end point in said termination octant; testing for an octant boundary; reinitializing at least some of said initial loop variables and initial loop constants at each octant boundary; selecting a unit direction for an incremental output movement; modifying at least one of said unit direction vectors; and moving an output display in said selected unit direction.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1986-01-31 | 1986-08-02 | 1987-02-01 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1990-01-31 | 1990-08-02 | 1991-02-01 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1994-01-31 | 1994-08-02 | 1995-02-01 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |