US4349386A
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Mineral polymers and methods of making them
Assignee: Lone Star Industries Inc
•
Filing: 1980-08-29
•
Granted: 1982-09-14
•
Expires: 2000-08-29
Abstract
Abstract New mineral polymers called polysialates have the empiral formula M n [--(Si--O 2 --) z --Al--O 2 --] n ,wH 2 O where z is 1, 2 or 3, M is sodium, or sodium plus potassium, n is the degree of polycondensation, and w has a value up to about 7. The method for making these polymers includes heating an aqueous alkali silico-aluminate mixture having an oxide-mole ratio within certain specific ranges for a time sufficient to form the polymer.
Inventors
- 👤 Joseph Davidovits
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-01 15:44
CPC Classifications
C; C01; C01B; C01B33/00; C01B33/20; C01B33/26; C01B33/28; C01B33/2807; C01B33/2869; B; B22; B22C; B22C1/00; B22C1/16; B22C1/18; B22C1/181; C04; C04B; C04B28/00; C04B28/006; C04B35/00; C04B35/622; C04B35/626; C04B35/63; C04B35/6303; C04B35/6316; Y; Y02; Y02P; Y02P40/00; Y02P40/10
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 16
Claim 1
Independent Claim
12 words
A polymer having a composition expressed in terms of oxides as follows:
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
12 words
A polymer having a composition expressed in terms of oxides as follows:
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
127 words
0±0.2(yNa 2 O,zK 2 O):Al 2 O 3 :xSiO 2 :wH 2 O where, in the fully hydrated form, w is in the range of up to about 7, x is in the range of about 3.5 to about 4.5, and y and z have values such that the sum of y and z equals 1, said polymer having the following formula ##STR5## wherein n is the degree of polymerization, and said polymer having an x-ray powder diffraction pattern essentially that shown below: ______________________________________
Interplanar Spacing Relative Intensity
(in Angstroms) of the Lines
______________________________________
11.20 Broad and blurred
4.30 Middle strong
3.43 Strong
3.29 Strong
3.08 Middle strong
2.97 Middle strong
2.71 Weak
2.46 Weak
2.30 Middle strong
2.11 Weak
1.92 Very strong
1.81 Middle strong
______________________________________
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
127 words
0±0.2(yNa 2 O,zK 2 O):Al 2 O 3 :xSiO 2 :wH 2 O where, in the fully hydrated form, w is in the range of up to about 7, x is in the range of about 3.5 to about 4.5, and y and z have values such that the sum of y and z equals 1, said polymer having the following formula ##STR5## wherein n is the degree of polymerization, and said polymer having an x-ray powder diffraction pattern essentially that shown below: ______________________________________
Interplanar Spacing Relative Intensity
(in Angstroms) of the Lines
______________________________________
11.20 Broad and blurred
4.30 Middle strong
3.43 Strong
3.29 Strong
3.08 Middle strong
2.97 Middle strong
2.71 Weak
2.46 Weak
2.30 Middle strong
2.11 Weak
1.92 Very strong
1.81 Middle strong
______________________________________
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
64 words
A method for preparing the polymer of claim 1 which comprises preparing an alkali silico-aluminate/water mixture wherein the oxide-mole ratios of said mixture fall within the following ranges: ______________________________________
(Na.sub.2 O,K.sub.2 O)/SiO.sub.2
0.20 to 0.28
SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3
3.5 to 4.5
H.sub.2 O/(Na.sub.2 O,K.sub.2 O)
15 to 17.5
(Na.sub.2 O,K.sub.2 O)/Al.sub.2 O.sub.3
0.8 to 1.20
______________________________________ and heating said mixture until said polymer forms.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method according to claim 2 further comprising adding a substantial amount of at least one filler to said mixture before heating said mixture to form said polymer.
Claim 7
Independent Claim
109 words
A method for preparing a polymer having the formula ##STR6## wherein n is the degree of polymerization which comprises heating a sodium silico-aluminate/water mixture whose composition, in terms of oxide-mole ratios, falls within the following range: ______________________________________
Na.sub.2 O/SiO.sub.2
0.28
SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3
4.02
H.sub.2 O/Na.sub.2 O
17.20
Na.sub.2 O/Al.sub.2 O.sub.3
1.14
______________________________________ said polymer having an x-ray powder diffraction pattern essentially that shown below: ______________________________________
Interplanar Spacing Relative Intensity
(in Angstroms) of the Lines
______________________________________
11.20 Broad and blurred
4.30 Middle strong
3.43 Strong
3.29 Strong
3.08 Middle strong
2.97 Middle strong
2.71 Weak
2.46 Weak
2.30 Middle strong
2.11 Weak
1.92 Very strong
1.81 Middle strong
______________________________________
Claim 8
Independent Claim
109 words
A method for preparing a polymer having the formula ##STR6## wherein n is the degree of polymerization which comprises heating a sodium silico-aluminate/water mixture whose composition, in terms of oxide-mole ratios, falls within the following range: ______________________________________
Na.sub.2 O/SiO.sub.2
0.28
SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3
4.02
H.sub.2 O/Na.sub.2 O
17.20
Na.sub.2 O/Al.sub.2 O.sub.3
1.14
______________________________________ said polymer having an x-ray powder diffraction pattern essentially that shown below: ______________________________________
Interplanar Spacing Relative Intensity
(in Angstroms) of the Lines
______________________________________
11.20 Broad and blurred
4.30 Middle strong
3.43 Strong
3.29 Strong
3.08 Middle strong
2.97 Middle strong
2.71 Weak
2.46 Weak
2.30 Middle strong
2.11 Weak
1.92 Very strong
1.81 Middle strong
______________________________________
Claim 9
Independent Claim
123 words
A method for preparing a mineral polymer having the formula ##STR7## wherein n is the degree of polymerization which comprises heating a sodium and potassium silico-aluminate/water mixture having a composition in terms of oxide-mole ratios within these ranges: ______________________________________
(Na.sub.2 O,K.sub.2 O)/SiO.sub.2
0.25
SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3
4.02
H.sub.2 O/(Na.sub.2 O,K.sub.2 O)
17.30
Na.sub.2 O/Al.sub.2 O.sub.3
0.8
(Na.sub.2 O,K.sub.2 O)/Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 =
1[,].0[.]
K.sub.2 O/Al.sub.2 O.sub.3
0.2
______________________________________ said polymer having an x-ray powder diffraction pattern essentially that shown below: ______________________________________
Interplanar Spacing Relative Intensity
(in Angstroms) of the Lines
______________________________________
11.20 Broad and blurred
4.30 Middle strong
3.43 Strong
3.29 Strong
3.08 Middle strong
2.97 Middle strong
2.71 Weak
2.46 Weak
2.30 Middle strong
2.11 Weak
1.92 Very strong
1.81 Middle strong
______________________________________
Claim 10
Independent Claim
123 words
A method for preparing a mineral polymer having the formula ##STR7## wherein n is the degree of polymerization which comprises heating a sodium and potassium silico-aluminate/water mixture having a composition in terms of oxide-mole ratios within these ranges: ______________________________________
(Na.sub.2 O,K.sub.2 O)/SiO.sub.2
0.25
SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3
4.02
H.sub.2 O/(Na.sub.2 O,K.sub.2 O)
17.30
Na.sub.2 O/Al.sub.2 O.sub.3
0.8
(Na.sub.2 O,K.sub.2 O)/Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 =
1[,].0[.]
K.sub.2 O/Al.sub.2 O.sub.3
0.2
______________________________________ said polymer having an x-ray powder diffraction pattern essentially that shown below: ______________________________________
Interplanar Spacing Relative Intensity
(in Angstroms) of the Lines
______________________________________
11.20 Broad and blurred
4.30 Middle strong
3.43 Strong
3.29 Strong
3.08 Middle strong
2.97 Middle strong
2.71 Weak
2.46 Weak
2.30 Middle strong
2.11 Weak
1.92 Very strong
1.81 Middle strong
______________________________________
Claim 11
Independent Claim
32 words
A method according to any one of claims 2, 3, 4 or 5 wherein the aqueous silico-aluminate mixture contains an alumino-silicate oxide (Si.sub.2 O.sub.5,Al.sub.2 O.sub.2).sub.n wherein n is the degree of polymerization.
Claim 12
Independent Claim
55 words
The method according to any one of claims 2, 3, 4 or 5 further comprising preparing said silico-aluminate/water mixture by preparing an aqueous silico-aluminate oxide mixture, substantially free of sodium and potassium hydroxides, preparing an aqueous solution including polysilicate and sodium or sodium and potassium hydroxides, and adding said aqueous solution to said aqueous mixture.
Claim 13
Independent Claim
46 words
A method according to any one of claims 2, 3, 4 or 5 comprising preparing said silico-aluminate/water mixture by preparing an aqueous silico-aluminate mixture including polysilicate and silico-aluminate oxide and then adding the mixture to an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide or sodium and potassium hydroxides.
Claim 14
Independent Claim
146 words
A method comprising forming an alkali silico-aluminate/water mixture in which the oxide-mole ratios fall within the following ranges: ______________________________________
(Na.sub.2 O,K.sub.2 O)/SiO.sub.2
0.20 to 0.28
SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3
3.5 to 4.5
H.sub.2 O/(Na.sub.2 O,K.sub.2 O)
15 to 17.5
(Na.sub.2 O,K.sub.2 O)/Al.sub.2 O.sub.3
0.8 to 1.20
______________________________________ and heating said mixture until a polymer having an x-ray powder diffraction pattern essentially that shown below, forms: ______________________________________
Interplanar Spacing Relative Intensity
(in Angstroms) of the Lines
______________________________________
11.20 Broad and blurred
4.30 Middle strong
3.43 Strong
3.29 Strong
3.08 Middle strong
2.97 Middle strong
2.71 Weak
2.46 Weak
2.30 Middle strong
2.11 Weak
1.92 Very strong
1.81 Middle strong
______________________________________ combining said polymer with a substantial quantity of at least one filler to form a polymer/filler mixture; placing said polymer/filler mixture in a mold; and heating said polymer/filler mixture in said mold to form a solid, molded article.
Claim 15
Independent Claim
146 words
A method comprising forming an alkali silico-aluminate/water mixture in which the oxide-mole ratios fall within the following ranges: ______________________________________
(Na.sub.2 O,K.sub.2 O)/SiO.sub.2
0.20 to 0.28
SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3
3.5 to 4.5
H.sub.2 O/(Na.sub.2 O,K.sub.2 O)
15 to 17.5
(Na.sub.2 O,K.sub.2 O)/Al.sub.2 O.sub.3
0.8 to 1.20
______________________________________ and heating said mixture until a polymer having an x-ray powder diffraction pattern essentially that shown below, forms: ______________________________________
Interplanar Spacing Relative Intensity
(in Angstroms) of the Lines
______________________________________
11.20 Broad and blurred
4.30 Middle strong
3.43 Strong
3.29 Strong
3.08 Middle strong
2.97 Middle strong
2.71 Weak
2.46 Weak
2.30 Middle strong
2.11 Weak
1.92 Very strong
1.81 Middle strong
______________________________________ combining said polymer with a substantial quantity of at least one filler to form a polymer/filler mixture; placing said polymer/filler mixture in a mold; and heating said polymer/filler mixture in said mold to form a solid, molded article.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
61 words
The method of claim 11 wherein the polymer in said solid molded article is a composition expressed in terms of oxides as follows: 1.0±0.2(yNa.sub.2 O,zK.sub.2 O):Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 :xSiO.sub.2 where x is a value in the range of about 3.5 to about 4.5, and y and z have values up to 1 such that the sum of y and z equals 1.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1985-09-13 | 1986-03-15 | 1986-09-14 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1989-09-13 | 1990-03-15 | 1990-09-14 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1993-09-13 | 1994-03-15 | 1994-09-14 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |