Oil shale upgrading process

Claim 2

A process for upgrading particulate oil shale which comprises: (a) removing substantially all particles having a specific gravity greater than a predetermined value from said oil shale thereby producing a first low density fraction of particles; (b) crushing or grinding substantially all of said particles comprising said first low density fraction to produce smaller particles; (c) separating said smaller particles into a high density fraction and a second low density fraction; and (d) recovering said second low density fraction as high grade oil shale rich in kerogen.

Claim 3

A process as defined in claim 1 wherein steps (a) and (c) comprise gravimetric separations.

Claim 4

A process as defined in claim 1 wherein said oil shale is from the Green River formation in Colorado and step (a) is a gravimetric separation carried out at a specific gravity in the range from about 2.0 to about 2.4.

Claim 5

A process as defined in claim 1 wherein kerogen-rich particles having a specific gravity less than a predetermined value in the range between about 1.7 and about 2.4 are removed from said oil shale prior to step (a) and recovered as high grade oil shale.

Claim 6

A process as defined in claim 1 wherein the particles comprising said first low density fraction are reduced in size to smaller particles having a top size between about 1 inch and about 1/4 inch.

Claim 7

A process for upgrading oil shale which comprises: (a) subjecting said oil shale to a gravimetric separation at a predetermined specific gravity to divide said oil shale into a first high density fraction and a lighter density fraction; (b) subjecting substantially all of said lighter density fraction to a gravimetric separation at a specific gravity less than said predetermined specific gravity to divide said lighter density fraction into a low density fraction and a middle density fraction comprised of particles; (c) crushing or grinding the particles comprising said middle density fraction to produce smaller particles; (d) subjecting said smaller particles to a gravimetric separation at a specific gravity greater than said specific gravity used in step (b), thereby producing a second low density fraction and a second high density fraction; and (e) recovering said second low density fraction as high grade oil shale rich in kerogen.

Claim 8

A process for upgrading oil shale which comprises: (a) subjecting said oil shale to a gravimetric separation at a predetermined specific gravity to divide said oil shale into a first high density fraction and a lighter density fraction; (b) subjecting substantially all of said lighter density fraction to a gravimetric separation at a specific gravity less than said predetermined specific gravity to divide said lighter density fraction into a low density fraction and a middle density fraction comprised of particles; (c) crushing or grinding the particles comprising said middle density fraction to produce smaller particles; (d) subjecting said smaller particles to a gravimetric separation at a specific gravity greater than said specific gravity used in step (b), thereby producing a second low density fraction and a second high density fraction; and (e) recovering said second low density fraction as high grade oil shale rich in kerogen.

Claim 9

A process for upgrading oil shale from the Green River formation in Colorado which comprises: (a) subjecting said oil shale to a gravimetric separation carried out at a specific gravity from about 2.0 to about 2.4, thereby separating said oil shale into a first low density fraction and a first high density fraction; (b) subjecting said first low density fraction to a gravimetric separation carried out at a specific gravity from about 1.8 to about 2.0, thereby producing a second low density fraction and a second high density fraction comprised of particles; (c) crushing the particles comprising said second high density fraction thereby producing smaller particles including particles having a specific gravity greater than the specific gravity at which the gravimetric separation of step (a) is carried out; (d) subjecting at least a portion of said smaller particles produced in step (c) to a gravimetric separation carried out at a specific gravity from about 2.0 to about 2.4, thereby producing a third low density fraction and a third high density fraction; and (e) recovering said third low density fraction as high grade oil shale rich in kerogen.

Claim 10

A process for upgrading oil shale from the Green River formation in Colorado which comprises: (a) subjecting said oil shale to a gravimetric separation carried out at a specific gravity from about 2.0 to about 2.4, thereby separating said oil shale into a first low density fraction and a first high density fraction; (b) subjecting said first low density fraction to a gravimetric separation carried out at a specific gravity from about 1.8 to about 2.0, thereby producing a second low density fraction and a second high density fraction comprised of particles; (c) crushing the particles comprising said second high density fraction thereby producing smaller particles including particles having a specific gravity greater than the specific gravity at which the gravimetric separation of step (a) is carried out; (d) subjecting at least a portion of said smaller particles produced in step (c) to a gravimetric separation carried out at a specific gravity from about 2.0 to about 2.4, thereby producing a third low density fraction and a third high density fraction; and (e) recovering said third low density fraction as high grade oil shale rich in kerogen.

Claim 11

A process as defined in claim 7 wherein the gravimetric separation of step (a) is carried out at a specific gravity from about 2.1 to about 2.3, the gravimetric separation of step (b) is carried out at a specific gravity of about 1.9 and the gravimetric separation of step (d) is carried out at about the same specific gravity utilized in step (a).

Claim 12

A process for upgrading oil shale which comprises: (a) subjecting said oil shale to a gravimetric separation at a predetermined specific gravity to divide said oil shale into a first low density fraction and a heavier density fraction; (b) subjecting said heavier density fraction to a gravimetric separation at a specific gravity greater than said predetermined specific gravity to divide said heavier density fraction into a first high density fraction and a middle density fraction comprised of particles; (c) crushing or grinding said particles comprising said middle density fraction to produce smaller particles; (d) subjecting said smaller particles to a gravimetric separation at a specific gravity greater than said predetermined specific gravity used in step (a), thereby producing a second high density fraction and a second low density fraction; and (e) recovering said second low density fraction as high grade oil shale rich in kerogen.

Claim 13

A process for upgrading oil shale which comprises: (a) subjecting said oil shale to a gravimetric separation at a predetermined specific gravity to divide said oil shale into a first low density fraction and a heavier density fraction; (b) subjecting said heavier density fraction to a gravimetric separation at a specific gravity greater than said predetermined specific gravity to divide said heavier density fraction into a first high density fraction and a middle density fraction comprised of particles; (c) crushing or grinding said particles comprising said middle density fraction to produce smaller particles; (d) subjecting said smaller particles to a gravimetric separation at a specific gravity greater than said predetermined specific gravity used in step (a), thereby producing a second high density fraction and a second low density fraction; and (e) recovering said second low density fraction as high grade oil shale rich in kerogen.