US4340448A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Potentiometric detection of hydrogen peroxide and apparatus therefor
Assignee: University of Pittsburgh
•
Filing: 1978-08-28
•
Granted: 1982-07-20
•
Expires: 1998-08-28
Abstract
Abstract A method for potentiometric detection of hydrogen peroxide including providing an electrolytic cell having a working electrode and a reference electrode. The working electrode is composed of a hydrogen peroxide sensitive material and also is employed as a support for an oxidase enzyme. Introducing a hydrogen peroxide releasing substance into the cell and releasing the hydrogen peroxide by effecting interaction with the enzyme. Developing in said cell an electrical potential which is a function of the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide and measuring the electrical potential of the cell. The method may be employed as a quantitative glucose detector by employing as the enzyme or enzymes glucose oxidase with or without catalase. Apparatus for potentiometric determination of hydrogen peroxide includes a cell containing an electrolyte, a working electrode and a reference electrode. An electrometer is operatively associated with the electrodes. The working electrode is composed of a material which will create an electrical potential when it interacts with hydrogen peroxide. At least one oxidase enzyme is immobilized on the working electrode.
Inventors
- 👤 Julian G. Schiller
- 👤 Lemuel B. Wingard, Jr.
- 👤 Chung-Chiun Liu
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-26 03:25
CPC Classifications
C; C12; C12Q; C12Q1/00; C12Q1/54; C12Q1/001; C12Q1/005; G; G01; G01N; G01N27/00; G01N27/26; G01N27/28; G01N27/30; G01N27/327; G01N27/3271; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S435/00; Y10S435/817
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 15
Claim 1
Independent Claim
164 words
A method for potentiometric detection of hydrogen peroxide comprising providing an electrolytic cell having a reference electrode and a working electrode composed at least in part of a hydrogen peroxide sensitive material, immobilizing at least one oxidase enzyme on said working electrode, said immobilized enzyme including catalase, introducing a hydrogen peroxide releasing substance into said cell, releasing said hydrogen peroxide by effecting contact between said enzyme and said hydrogen peroxide releasing substance, developing in said cell through interaction between said hydrogen peroxide and said working electrode an electrical potential which is a function of the concentration of said hydrogen peroxide in said electrolytic cell, maintaining the pH of said cell in the range of about 5 to 9, and measuring said electrical potential of said cell whereby said working electrode will serve as a support for said oxidase enzyme and also as a hydrogen peroxide sensitive electrode to provide an electrical potential signal which is a function of the concentration of said hydrogen peroxide.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
164 words
A method for potentiometric detection of hydrogen peroxide comprising providing an electrolytic cell having a reference electrode and a working electrode composed at least in part of a hydrogen peroxide sensitive material, immobilizing at least one oxidase enzyme on said working electrode, said immobilized enzyme including catalase, introducing a hydrogen peroxide releasing substance into said cell, releasing said hydrogen peroxide by effecting contact between said enzyme and said hydrogen peroxide releasing substance, developing in said cell through interaction between said hydrogen peroxide and said working electrode an electrical potential which is a function of the concentration of said hydrogen peroxide in said electrolytic cell, maintaining the pH of said cell in the range of about 5 to 9, and measuring said electrical potential of said cell whereby said working electrode will serve as a support for said oxidase enzyme and also as a hydrogen peroxide sensitive electrode to provide an electrical potential signal which is a function of the concentration of said hydrogen peroxide.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
35 words
The method of claim 1 including providing glucose in said hydrogen peroxide releasing substance, reducing said glucose to gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide, and operating said cell at a pH of about 6.3 to 8.0.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
99 words
The method of claim 1 including immobilizing at least one said oxidase enzyme selected from the group consisting of Superoxide dismutase, Nitroethane oxidase, D-aspartate oxidase, D-amino acid oxidase, L-amino acid oxidase, Amine oxidase, Pyridox amine phosphate oxidase, Amine oxidase, D-glutamate oxidase, Ethanolamine oxidase, Pyruvate oxidase, Oxalate oxidase, Glycollate oxidase, Glucose oxidase, Hexose oxidase, Cholesterol oxidase, Aryl alcohol oxidase, L-gulonolactone oxidase, Golactose oxidase, Pyranose oxidase, L-Sorbose oxidase, Pyridoxine 4-oxidase, Alcohol oxidase, L-2-hydroxyacid oxidase, Dehydro-oratate oxidase, Lathosterol oxidase, Sarcosine oxidase, N-Methylamino acid oxidase, N 6 -Methyl lysine oxidase, 6-hydroxy-L-nicotine oxidase, 6-hydroxy-D-nicotine oxidase, Sulphite oxidase, 3-hydroxyanthranilate oxidase, Aldehyde oxidase, and Xanthine oxidase.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said immobilized enzyme includes glucose oxidase.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
50 words
The method of claim 1 including immobilizing said enzyme on said working electrode by providing said enzyme in a gel which is cast on said working electrode, whereby said working electrode will serve as both a support and a source of an electrical potential signal corresponding to hydrogen peroxide concentration.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 5 including employing a gel which permits oxygen and glucose to diffuse therethrough.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method of claim 1 including providing said working electrode of a platinum screen.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 1 including reducing a portion of said hydrogen peroxide to oxygen and water by means of said catalase.
Claim 10
Independent Claim
131 words
An apparatus for potentiometric detection of hydrogen peroxide comprising a cell containing an electrolyte, a working electrode and a reference electrode, an electrometer operatively associated with said working electrode and said reference electrode, said working electrode composed of a material which creates an electrical potential when it interacts with hydrogen peroxide, at least one oxidase enzyme immobilized on said working electrode, said enzyme includes glucose oxidase and catalase, whereby introduction of a hydrogen peroxide containing substance into said cell will result in said enzyme releasing hydrogen peroxide from said hydrogen peroxide releasing substance with the hydrogen peroxide interacting with said working electrode and said working electrode functioning as a support for said oxidase enzyme and to generate an electrical potential which is a function of the concentration of said hydrogen peroxide.
Claim 11
Independent Claim
131 words
An apparatus for potentiometric detection of hydrogen peroxide comprising a cell containing an electrolyte, a working electrode and a reference electrode, an electrometer operatively associated with said working electrode and said reference electrode, said working electrode composed of a material which creates an electrical potential when it interacts with hydrogen peroxide, at least one oxidase enzyme immobilized on said working electrode, said enzyme includes glucose oxidase and catalase, whereby introduction of a hydrogen peroxide containing substance into said cell will result in said enzyme releasing hydrogen peroxide from said hydrogen peroxide releasing substance with the hydrogen peroxide interacting with said working electrode and said working electrode functioning as a support for said oxidase enzyme and to generate an electrical potential which is a function of the concentration of said hydrogen peroxide.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
13 words
The apparatus of claim 9 wherein said working electrode is a platinum screen.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
20 words
The apparatus of claim 9 including said enzymes being immobilized by being secured to said working electrode by a gel.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
99 words
The apparatus of claim 9 including said enzymes including at least one enzyme selected from the group consisting of Superoxide dismutase, Nitroethane oxidase, D-aspartate oxidase, D-amino acid oxidase, L-amino acid oxidase, Amine oxidase, Pyridox amine phosphate oxidase, Amine oxidase, D-glutamate oxidase, Ethanolamine oxidase, Pyruvate oxidase, Oxalate oxidase, Glycollate oxidase, Glucose oxidase, Hexose oxidase, Cholesterol oxidase, Aryl alcohol oxidase, L-gulonolactone oxidase, Golactose oxidase, Pyranose oxidase, L-Sorbose oxidase, Pyridoxine 4-oxidase, Alcohol oxidase, L-2-hydroxyacid oxidase, Dehydro-oratate oxidase, Lathosterol oxidase, Sarcosine oxidase, N-Methylamino acid oxidase, N 6 -Methyl lysine oxidase, 6-hydroxy-L-nicotine oxidase, 6-hydroxy-D-nicotine oxidase, Sulphite oxidase, 3-hydroxyanthranilate oxidase, Aldehyde oxidase, and Xanthine oxidase.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
16 words
The apparatus of claim 9 including said electrolyte having a pH of about 5 to 9.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US2850359A
Cited
US3539455A
Cited
US3403081A
Cited
US3857771A
Cited
US3595755A
Cited
US3542662A
Cited
US3556945A
Cited
US3707455A
Cited
US3666733A
Cited
US3770607A
Cited
US3788950A
Cited
US3838011A
Cited
US3838033A
Cited
US3841971A
Cited
US3839154A
Cited
US3920969A
Cited
US3966580A
Cited
US4024042A
Cited
US4055175A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1985-07-19 | 1986-01-18 | 1986-07-20 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1989-07-19 | 1990-01-18 | 1990-07-20 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1993-07-19 | 1994-01-18 | 1994-07-20 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |