US4336173A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Process for preparing an aqueous emulsion or dispersion of a partly water-soluble material, and optionally further conversion of the prepared dispersion or emulsion to a polymer dispersion when the partly water-soluble material is a polymerizable monomer
Assignee: SINTEF AS
•
Filing: 1980-09-10
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Granted: 1982-06-22
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Expires: 2000-09-10
Abstract
Abstract The invention provides a process for preparing an aqueous emulsion or dispersion of a partly water-soluble material, and optionally further conversion of the prepared dispersion or emulsion to a polymer dispersion when the partly water-soluble material is a polymerizable monomer. In a first step a dispersion of polymer particles is prepared containing one or more materials having a very low solubility in water, then in a second step there is added the partly water-soluble material which diffuses into the particles from the first step, and then, if the partly water-soluble material is a polymerizable monomer, polymerization may be effected.
Inventors
- 👤 John Ugelstad
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-27 15:07
CPC Classifications
C; C08; C08J; C08J3/00; C08J3/02; C08J3/03; C08F; C08F291/00
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 33
Claim 1
Independent Claim
162 words
A process for preparing an aqueous emulsion or dispersion of a partly water-soluble material which comprises: (a) preparing an emulsion or dispersion of particles comprising: (i) polymer and (ii) Substance I which is one or more materials having a molecular weight of <5000 and a water solubility of <10 -2 g/l and is substantially absorbed by said polymer and (b) adding to said emulsion or dispersion, Substance II which is one or more partly water-soluble materials having a water solubility at least 10 times higher than that of Substance I, whereby Substance II diffuses into the polymer particles containing Substance I at a rate substantially in excess of the rate of departure of Substance I from said polymer particles, the amount of said Substance II diffusing into said particles containing Substance I being at least 20 times that of the original polymer particles used in (a) based on volume, and then causing polymerization to take place if Substance II is a monomer.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
162 words
A process for preparing an aqueous emulsion or dispersion of a partly water-soluble material which comprises: (a) preparing an emulsion or dispersion of particles comprising: (i) polymer and (ii) Substance I which is one or more materials having a molecular weight of <5000 and a water solubility of <10 -2 g/l and is substantially absorbed by said polymer and (b) adding to said emulsion or dispersion, Substance II which is one or more partly water-soluble materials having a water solubility at least 10 times higher than that of Substance I, whereby Substance II diffuses into the polymer particles containing Substance I at a rate substantially in excess of the rate of departure of Substance I from said polymer particles, the amount of said Substance II diffusing into said particles containing Substance I being at least 20 times that of the original polymer particles used in (a) based on volume, and then causing polymerization to take place if Substance II is a monomer.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process according to claim 1, wherein Substance II is a polymerizable monomer.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
18 words
The process according to claim 2 wherein the aqueous emulsion or dispersion of said polymerizable monomer is polymerized.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
20 words
The process according to claim 1 wherein the solubility of said Substance I is <10 -4 g/l H 2 O.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
20 words
The process according to claim 1 wherein the solubility of said Substance I is <10 -5 g/l H 2 O.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
20 words
The process according to claim 3 wherein the solubility of said Substance I is <10 -5 g/l H 2 O.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
15 words
The process according to claim 1 wherein Substance I has a molecular weight of <500.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process according to claim 3 wherein Substance I has a molecular weight of 21 500.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
15 words
The process according to claim 6 wherein Substance I has a molecular weight of <500.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
108 words
The process according to claim 1 wherein Substance I is added to a stirred aqueous dispersion of said polymer particles or to an aqueous dispersion of monomer or monomer mixture from which said polymer particles are prepared, whereby Substance I is transported through the aqueous phase to said particles which are swelled therewith, under conditions which cause the rate of transport of Substance I through the aqueous phase to be relatively high and then adding Substance II under stirring after causing said rate of transport of Substance I through the aqueous phase to become relatively low, whereby Substance II diffuses into the polymer particles swelled with Substance I.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
18 words
The process according to claim 10 wherein Substance I is added in the form of an aqueous emulsion.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
72 words
The process according to claims 10 or 11 wherein in order to increase the rate of transport in step (a) there is used an emulsifier in an amount such that the concentration of the emulsifier is above the critical micelle concentration, whereby some or all of Substance I is solubilized in micelles and wherein this effect is removed before the addition of Substance II in step (b), by the addition of water.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
34 words
The process according to claims 10 or 11 wherein step (a) is performed in the presence of a solvent which is wholly or partly soluble in water and is a solvent for Substance I.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
32 words
The process according to claim 12 wherein step (a) is performed in the presence of a solvent which is wholly or partly soluble in water and is a solvent for Substance I.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
14 words
Process according to claim 13, wherein said solvent is acetone or a lower alkanol.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
13 words
Process according to claim 13, wherein said solvent is a relatively water-soluble monomer.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
27 words
The process according to claim 13 wherein said solvent is employed in an amount of 1-100% of the amount of water, based on volume, in step (a).
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
27 words
The process according to claim 14 wherein said solvent is employed in an amount of 1-100% of the amount of water, based on volume, in step (a).
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
27 words
The process according to claim 15 wherein said solvent is employed in an amount of 1-100% of the amount of water, based on volume, in step (a).
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process according to claim 13 wherein solvent is removed after step (a).
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process according to claim 20 wherein said solvent removal is by evaporation.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
25 words
The process according to claim 10 wherein Substance II is a polymerizable monomer and wherein the emulsion or dispersion of said polymerizable monomer is polymerized.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
37 words
The process according to claim 1 wherein after step (a), the amount of water in said emulsion or dispersion is increased, emulsifier is or is not added, and then Substance II is added with or without stirring.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
20 words
The process according to claim 3 wherein a water soluble or partly water soluble initiator is added in step (b).
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
17 words
The process according to claim 24 wherein said initiator is added in the form of a solution.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
26 words
The process according to claim 3 wherein in step (a) an initiator having very low solubility in water is added as a solution in Substance I.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process according to claim 3 wherein there is employed a Substance I a liquid initiator for said polymerization.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process according to claim 27 wherein the liquid initiator is dioctanoyl peroxide.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
72 words
The process according to claim 1 wherein the dispersion of step (a) is prepared by first homogenizing a mixture of a polymerizable monomer and Substance I with or without an oil soluble initiator, water and emulsifier, then, with or without adding a wholly or partly water-soluble initiator, polymerizing to provide a dispersion of polymer particles containing 5-90 percent by volume of Substance I and then subjecting the resultant dispersion to step (b).
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
27 words
The process according to claim 29 wherein Substance II is a vinyl monomer which is polymerized after having been diffused into the particles prepared in step (a).
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
32 words
The process according to claim 1 wherein Substance I is absorbed by said polymer in an amount of 0.5 to 5 times the amount of polymer in the particles, based on volume.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
32 words
The process according to claim 1 wherein Substance I is absorbed by said polymer in an amount of 1 to 4 times the amount of polymer in the particles, based on volume.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1985-06-21 | 1985-12-21 | 1986-06-22 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1989-06-21 | 1989-12-21 | 1990-06-22 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1993-06-21 | 1993-12-21 | 1994-06-22 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |