US4333922A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Method for the treatment of water-living animals with health modifying agents
Assignee: Individual
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Filing: 1976-02-11
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Granted: 1982-06-08
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Expires: 1996-02-11
Abstract
Abstract A process is described for the introduction of health and/or welfare modifying agents, such as vaccines, to water-living animals such as fish. The health and/or welfare modifying agents are introduced into and across an epithelial membrane, such as the gill membrane, of the water-living animal by contacting the animal with the vaccine and then subjecting the animal to a negative pressure differential followed by a rapid release of the negative pressure, by contacting the epithelial membrane with a hyperosmotic concentration of a membrane permeability altering agent, either simultaneously with or prior to contacting the animal with the health and/or welfare modifying agent, or by contacting the epithelial membrane with a hyperosmotic concentration of a membrane permeability altering agent either simultaneously with or prior to contacting the animal with the health and/or welfare modifying agent followed by subjecting the animal to a negative pressure differential and then a rapid release of the negative pressure. Subjecting the animal to a negative pressure differential followed by a rapid release of the negative pressure results in a forceful infiltration of the health and/or welfare modifying agent into the body cavities of the animal. The membrane permeability altering agent renders the epithelial membrane reversibly permeable to the health and/or welfare modifying agent. Effective membrane permeability altering agents include chemical compounds having a molecular weight of about 58 to about 61, with the most preferred membrane permeability altering agents being selected from the group consisting of acetamide, urea, sodium chloride and mixtures thereof.
Inventors
- 👤 Robert J. Herschler
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-02 04:00
CPC Classifications
A; A61; A61K; A61K39/00; A61K39/02; A61K39/107; A61D; A61D7/00; A61K39/002; A61K39/025; A61K39/0291; A61K2039/51; A61K2039/52; A61K2039/521; A61K2039/54; A61K2039/55; A61K2039/552; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S424/00; Y10S424/817
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 32
Claim 1
Independent Claim
104 words
A method of enhancing the penetration into and across an epithelial membrane barrier of a water-living animal of a health modifying agent capable of eliciting a desired health modifying effect therefrom comprising contacting the water-living animal with a sufficient amount of an aqueous solution or dispersion of the health modifying agent to produce the desired health modifying effect on the water-living animal and a solution comprising a sufficient concentration of a second agent selected from the group consisting of acetamide, urea, sodium chloride and mixtures thereof to enhance penetration and systemic uptake of the health modifying agent to achieve the desired health modifying effect.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
104 words
A method of enhancing the penetration into and across an epithelial membrane barrier of a water-living animal of a health modifying agent capable of eliciting a desired health modifying effect therefrom comprising contacting the water-living animal with a sufficient amount of an aqueous solution or dispersion of the health modifying agent to produce the desired health modifying effect on the water-living animal and a solution comprising a sufficient concentration of a second agent selected from the group consisting of acetamide, urea, sodium chloride and mixtures thereof to enhance penetration and systemic uptake of the health modifying agent to achieve the desired health modifying effect.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the solution comprising the second agent comprises a hyperosmotic concentration of the second agent.
Claim 4
Independent Claim
67 words
A method of treating water-living animals to impart a health modifying agent thereto, comprising contacting water-living animals with a solution comprising a hyperosmotic concentration of a second agent selected from the group consisting of acetamide, urea, sodium chloride and mixtures thereof, and contacting the water-living animals with a health modifying agent for a sufficient period of time for the water-living animals to absorb said health modifying agent.
Claim 5
Independent Claim
67 words
A method of treating water-living animals to impart a health modifying agent thereto, comprising contacting water-living animals with a solution comprising a hyperosmotic concentration of a second agent selected from the group consisting of acetamide, urea, sodium chloride and mixtures thereof, and contacting the water-living animals with a health modifying agent for a sufficient period of time for the water-living animals to absorb said health modifying agent.
Claim 6
Independent Claim
34 words
The method of claims 2 or 3 wherein the water-living animal is contacted with the health modifying agent in a soluble or colloidally dispersed mixture comprising the health modifying agent and the second agent.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method of claim 4 wherein the mixture is contacted with the water-living animal for a period of about 3 to about 10 minutes or more.
Claim 8
Independent Claim
27 words
The method of claims 2 or 3 wherein the water-living animal is contacted with the second agent prior to contacting the membrane with the health modifying agent.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
43 words
The method of claim 6 wherein the water-living animal is contacted with the second agent for a period of about 3 to about 10 minutes and then contacted with the health modifying agent for a period of about 2 to about 5 minutes.
Claim 10
Independent Claim
23 words
The method of claims 2 or 3 wherein the concentration of the second agent is at least about 3 times its isosmotic concentration.
Claim 11
Independent Claim
24 words
The method of claims 2 or 3 wherein the second agent comprises a 1 mol:1 mol ratio aqueous mixture of acetamide to sodium chloride.
Claim 12
Independent Claim
26 words
The method of claims 2 or 3 wherein the membrane permeability altering agent comprises a 1 mol:2 mol ratio aqueous mixture of urea to sodium chloride.
Claim 13
Independent Claim
35 words
The method of claims 2 or 3 which further comprises purifying the second agent prior to contacting the water-living animal with the second agent by passing the second agent through a bed of activated charcoal.
Claim 14
Independent Claim
23 words
The method of claims 2 or 3 wherein the second agent further comprises an amount of 2-(4-thiazolyl) benzimidazole effective to enhance said method.
Claim 15
Independent Claim
29 words
The method of claims 2 or 3 wherein the water-living animal is contacted with the second agent by immersing the animal in the aqueous solution of the second agent.
Claim 16
Independent Claim
33 words
The method of claims 2 or 3 wherein the water-living animal is contacted with the health modifying agent by immersing the animal in an aqueous solution or dispersion of the health modifying agent.
Claim 17
Independent Claim
28 words
The method of claims 2 or 3 wherein the water-living animal is contacted with the second agent while the animal is either partially or totally out of water.
Claim 18
Independent Claim
29 words
The method of claims 2 or 3 wherein the water-living animal is contacted with the health modifying agent while the animal is either partially or totally out of water.
Claim 19
Independent Claim
26 words
The method of claims 2 or 3 wherein the aqueous solution or dispersion of the health modifying agent has a viscosity less than about 10 cp.
Claim 20
Independent Claim
13 words
The method of claims 2 or 3 wherein the water-living animals are fish.
Claim 21
Independent Claim
15 words
The method of claims 2 or 3 wherein the health modifying agent is an antigen.
Claim 22
Independent Claim
15 words
The method of claims 2 or 3 wherein the health modifying agent is a chemotherapeutant.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 19 wherein the antigen is infectious hematopoietic necrosis.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 19 wherein the antigen is Vibrio anguillarum bacterin.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 19 wherein the antigen is Aeromonas salmonicida bacterin.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 19 wherein the antigen is Bovine serum albumin vaccine.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 19 wherein the antigen is Enteric Redmouth bacterin.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 19 wherein the antigen is Infectious pancreatic necrosis.
Claim 29
Independent Claim
51 words
A method of treating water-living animals comprising immersing said animals in a solution comprising a hyperosmotic concentration of an agent selected from the group consisting of acetamide, urea, sodium chloride and mixtures thereof, and further comprising a health modifying agent in a sufficient amount to be taken up by said animals.
Claim 30
Independent Claim
51 words
A method of treating water-living animals comprising immersing said animals in a solution comprising a hyperosmotic concentration of an agent selected from the group consisting of acetamide, urea, sodium chloride and mixtures thereof, and further comprising a health modifying agent in a sufficient amount to be taken up by said animals.
Claim 31
Independent Claim
59 words
A method of improving the health and/or welfare of water living animals comprising treating said animals with a solution comprising a hyperosmotic concentration of an agent selected from the group consisting of acetamide, urea, sodium chloride and mixtures thereof and further comprising a health and/or welfare enhancing agent in a sufficient amount to be taken up by said animals.
Claim 32
Independent Claim
59 words
A method of improving the health and/or welfare of water living animals comprising treating said animals with a solution comprising a hyperosmotic concentration of an agent selected from the group consisting of acetamide, urea, sodium chloride and mixtures thereof and further comprising a health and/or welfare enhancing agent in a sufficient amount to be taken up by said animals.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US3472931A
Cited
US4009259A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1985-06-07 | 1985-12-07 | 1986-06-08 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1989-06-07 | 1989-12-07 | 1990-06-08 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1993-06-07 | 1993-12-07 | 1994-06-08 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |