Engine steam stratifier

Claim 2

The combination of a solid carbon burning internal combustion engine comprising: at least one cylinder and at least one and at most two pistons with piston crowns operative within each of said cylinders, each of said cylinders comprising a combustion chamber space fully enclosed by a portion of the interior walls of said cylinder and the crowns of said pistons when said pistons are at that position creating the smallest such fully enclosed space during the engine compression process; means for placing solid carbon fuel and the pore spaces therein within a fractional portion of each of said combustion chamber spaces, said fractional portion exceeding zero and not exceeding one, so that a major portion of said solid carbon remains within said combustion chamber through several engine cycles, each of said cylinders further comprising at least one solid, non carbon piece, said solid piece and any non carbon pore spaces therein being stationary with respect to said cylinders and occupying a fractional portion, which is less than one and exceeds zero, of said combustion chamber space; each of said combustion chamber spaces being large enough to contain said solid carbon fuel and the pore spaces therein when placed within said combustion chamber, said solid non carbon stationary pieces and the non carbon pore spaces therein, and a clear non pore space free of solid material, said clear space being a fractional portion, which is less than one and may be zero, of said combustion chamber space; wherein the improvement comprises adding to said solid carbon burning engine at least one engine steam stratifier comprising: means for supplying steam; means for delivering said steam equally into each engine cylinder commencing after commencement of the engine intake process, and stopping prior to the end of the engine compression process; whereby the solid carbon pore temperatures within said combustion chamber can be reduced.

Claim 3

The combination of a solid carbon burning internal combustion engine comprising: at least one cylinder and at least one and at most two pistons with piston crowns operative within each of said cylinders, each of said cylinders comprising a combustion chamber space fully enclosed by a portion of the interior walls of said cylinder and the crowns of said pistons when said pistons are at that position creating the smallest such fully enclosed space during the engine compression process; means for placing solid carbon fuel and the pore spaces therein within a fractional portion of each of said combustion chamber spaces, said fractional portion exceeding zero and not exceeding one, so that a major portion of said solid carbon remains within said combustion chamber through several engine cycles; each of said cylinders further comprising at least one solid, non carbon piece, said solid piece and any non carbon pore spaces therein being stationary with respect to said cylinders and occupying a fractional portion, which is less than one and exceeds zero, of said combustion chamber space; each of said combustion chamber spaces being large enough to contain said solid carbon fuel and the pore spaces therein when placed within said combustion chamber, said solid non carbon stationary pieces and the non carbon pore spaces therein, and a clear non pore space free of solid material, said clear space being a fractional portion, which is less than one and may be zero, of said combustion chamber space; wherein the improvement comprises adding to said solid carbon burning engine at least one engine steam stratifier comprising: means for supplying steam comprising means for adjusting the pressure of said steam in proportion to engine intake air flow quantity; means for delivering said steam equally into each engine cylinder commencing after commencement of the engine compression process, and stopping prior to the end of the engine compression process; whereby the solid carbon pore temperatures within said combustion chamber can be reduced.

Claim 4

The combination of a solid carbon burning internal combustion engine comprising: at least one cylinder and at least one and at most two pistons with piston crowns operative within each of said cylinders, each of said cylinders comprising a combustion chamber space fully enclosed by a portion of the interior walls of said cylinder and the crowns of said pistons when said pistons are at that position creating the smallest such fully enclosed space during the engine compression process; means for placing solid carbon fuel and the pore spaces therein within a fractional portion of each of said combustion chamber spaces, said fractional portion exceeding zero and not exceeding one, so that a major portion of said solid carbon remains within said combustion chamber through several engine cycles; each of said cylinders further comprising at least one solid, non carbon piece, said solid piece and any non carbon pore spaces therein being stationary with respect to said cylinders and occupying a fractional portion, which is less than one and exceeds zero, of said combustion chamber space; each of said combustion chamber spaces being large enough to contain said solid carbon fuel and the pore spaces therein when placed within said combustion chamber, said solid non carbon stationary pieces and the non carbon pore spaces therein, and a clear non pore space free of solid material, said clear space being a fractional portion, which is less than one and may be zero, of said combustion chamber space; wherein the improvement comprises adding to said solid carbon burning engine at least one engine steam stratifier comprising: means for supplying steam comprising means for adjusting the pressure of said steam in proportion to engine intake air flow quantity; means for delivering said steam equally into each engine cylinder commencing after commencement of the engine compression process, and stopping prior to the end of the engine compression process; whereby the solid carbon pore temperatures within said combustion chamber can be reduced.

Claim 5

The combination of a solid carbon burning internal combustion engine comprising: at least one cylinder and at least one and at most two pistons with piston crowns operative within each of said cylinders, each of said cylinders comprising a combustion chamber space fully enclosed by a portion of the interior walls of said cylinder and the crowns of said pistons when said pistons are at that position creating the smallest such fully enclosed space during the engine compression process; means for placing solid carbon fuel and the pore spaces therein within a fractional portion of each of said combustion chamber spaces, said fractional portion exceeding zero and not exceeding one, so that a major portion of said solid carbon remains within said combustion chamber through several engine cycles; each of said cylinders further comprising at least one solid, non-carbon piece, said solid piece and any non carbon pore spaces therein being stationary with respect to said cylinders and occupying a fractional portion, which is less than one and exceeds zero, of said combustion chamber space; each of said combustion chamber spaces being large enough to contain said solid carbon fuel and the pore spaces therein when placed within said combustion chamber, said solid non carbon stationary pieces and the non carbon pore spaces therein, and a clear non pore space free of solid material, said clear space being a fractional portion, which is less than one and may be zero, of said combustion chamber space; wherein the improvement comprises adding to said solid carbon burning engine at least one engine steam stratifier comprising: means for supplying steam comprising an engine exhaust-gas-fired boiler; means for pumping water into said engine exhaust gas-fired boiler and means for adjusting the flow of said pumped water to be proportional to engine intake air flow quantity; means for delivering said steam equally into each engine cylinder commencing after commencement of the engine compression process, and stopping prior to the end of the engine compression process; whereby the solid carbon pore temperatures within said combustion chamber can be reduced.

Claim 6

The combination of a solid carbon burning internal combustion engine comprising: at least one cylinder and at least one and at most two pistons with piston crowns operative within each of said cylinders, each of said cylinders comprising a combustion chamber space fully enclosed by a portion of the interior walls of said cylinder and the crowns of said pistons when said pistons are at that position creating the smallest such fully enclosed space during the engine compression process; means for placing solid carbon fuel and the pore spaces therein within a fractional portion of each of said combustion chamber spaces, said fractional portion exceeding zero and not exceeding one, so that a major portion of said solid carbon remains within said combustion chamber through several engine cycles; each of said cylinders further comprising at least one solid, non-carbon piece, said solid piece and any non carbon pore spaces therein being stationary with respect to said cylinders and occupying a fractional portion, which is less than one and exceeds zero, of said combustion chamber space; each of said combustion chamber spaces being large enough to contain said solid carbon fuel and the pore spaces therein when placed within said combustion chamber, said solid non carbon stationary pieces and the non carbon pore spaces therein, and a clear non pore space free of solid material, said clear space being a fractional portion, which is less than one and may be zero, of said combustion chamber space; wherein the improvement comprises adding to said solid carbon burning engine at least one engine steam stratifier comprising: means for supplying steam comprising an engine exhaust-gas-fired boiler; means for pumping water into said engine exhaust gas-fired boiler and means for adjusting the flow of said pumped water to be proportional to engine intake air flow quantity; means for delivering said steam equally into each engine cylinder commencing after commencement of the engine compression process, and stopping prior to the end of the engine compression process; whereby the solid carbon pore temperatures within said combustion chamber can be reduced.

Claim 7

The combination of a solid carbon burning internal combustion engine comprising: at least one cylinder and at least one and at most two pistons with piston crowns operative within each of said cylinders, each of said cylinders comprising a combustion chamber space fully enclosed by a portion of the interior walls of said cylinder and the crowns of said pistons when said pistons are at that position creating the smallest such fully enclosed space during the engine compression process; means for placing solid carbon fuel and the pore spaces therein within a fractional portion of each of said combustion chamber spaces, said fractional portion exceeding zero and not exceeding one, so that a major portion of said solid carbon remains within said combustion chamber through several engine cycles; each of said cylinders further comprising at least one solid, non carbon piece, said solid piece and any non carbon pore spaces therein being stationary with respect to said cylinders and occupying a fractional portion, which is less than one and exceeds zero, of said combustion chamber space; each of said combustion chamber spaces being large enough to contain said solid carbon fuel and the pore spaces therein when placed within said combustion chamber, said solid non carbon stationary pieces and the non carbon pore spaces therein, and a clear non pore space free of solid material, said clear space being a fractional portion, which is less than one and may be zero, of said combustion chamber space; wherein the improvement comprises adding to said solid carbon burning engine at least one engine steam stratifier comprising: means for supplying steam comprising an engine exhaust gas-fired boiler; means for pumping water into said engine exhaust gas-fired boiler and means for adjusting the flow of said pumped water to be proportional to engine intake air flow quantity; means for delivering said steam equally into each engine cylinder commencing after commencement of the engine compression process, and stopping prior to the end of the engine compression process; means for timing and positioning said steam delivery so that it occurs largely into that engine intake air mass which goes into the solid carbon pore spaces within the engine combustion chamber space; whereby the solid carbon pore temperatures within said combustion chamber can be reduced.

Claim 8

The combination of a solid carbon burning internal combustion engine comprising: at least one cylinder and at least one and at most two pistons with piston crowns operative within each of said cylinders, each of said cylinders comprising a combustion chamber space fully enclosed by a portion of the interior walls of said cylinder and the crowns of said pistons when said pistons are at that position creating the smallest such fully enclosed space during the engine compression process; means for placing solid carbon fuel and the pore spaces therein within a fractional portion of each of said combustion chamber spaces, said fractional portion exceeding zero and not exceeding one, so that a major portion of said solid carbon remains within said combustion chamber through several engine cycles; each of said cylinders further comprising at least one solid, non carbon piece, said solid piece and any non carbon pore spaces therein being stationary with respect to said cylinders and occupying a fractional portion, which is less than one and exceeds zero, of said combustion chamber space; each of said combustion chamber spaces being large enough to contain said solid carbon fuel and the pore spaces therein when placed within said combustion chamber, said solid non carbon stationary pieces and the non carbon pore spaces therein, and a clear non pore space free of solid material, said clear space being a fractional portion, which is less than one and may be zero, of said combustion chamber space; wherein the improvement comprises adding to said solid carbon burning engine at least one engine steam stratifier comprising: means for supplying steam comprising an engine exhaust gas-fired boiler; means for pumping water into said engine exhaust gas-fired boiler and means for adjusting the flow of said pumped water to be proportional to engine intake air flow quantity; means for delivering said steam equally into each engine cylinder commencing after commencement of the engine compression process, and stopping prior to the end of the engine compression process; means for timing and positioning said steam delivery so that it occurs largely into that engine intake air mass which goes into the solid carbon pore spaces within the engine combustion chamber space; whereby the solid carbon pore temperatures within said combustion chamber can be reduced.

Claim 9

The combination of a solid carbon burning internal combustion engine comprising: at least one cylinder and at least one and at most two pistons with piston crowns operative within each of said cylinders, each of said cylinders comprising a combustion chamber space fully enclosed by a portion of the interior walls of said cylinder and the crowns of said pistons when said pistons are at that position creating the smallest such fully enclosed space during the engine compression process; means for placing solid carbon fuel and the pore spaces therein within a fractional portion of each of said combustion chamber spaces, said fractional portion exceeding zero and not exceeding one, so that a major portion of said solid carbon remains within said combustion chamber through several engine cycles; each of said cylinders further comprising at least one solid, non carbon piece, said solid piece and any non carbon pore spaces therein being stationary with respect to said cylinders and occupying a fractional portion, which is less than one and exceeds zero, of said combustion chamber space; each of said combustion chamber spaces being large enough to contain said solid carbon fuel and the pore spaces therein when placed within said combustion chamber, said solid non carbon stationary pieces and the non carbon pore spaces therein, and a clear non pore space free of solid material, said clear space being a fractional portion, which is less than one and may be zero, of said combustion chamber space; wherein the improvement comprising adding to said solid carbon burning engine at least one engine steam stratifier comprising: means for supplying steam comprising means for adjusting the pressure of said steam in proportion to engine intake air flow quantity; means for delivering said steam in equal volume to each engine cylinder commencing after commencement of the engine compression process and stopping prior to the end of the engine compression process; means for timing and positioning said steam delivery so that it occurs largely into that engine intake air mass which goes into the solid carbon pore spaces within the engine combustion chamber space; whereby the solid carbon pore temperatures within said combustion chamber can be reduced.

Claim 10

The combination of a solid carbon burning internal combustion engine comprising: at least one cylinder and at least one and at most two pistons with piston crowns operative within each of said cylinders, each of said cylinders comprising a combustion chamber space fully enclosed by a portion of the interior walls of said cylinder and the crowns of said pistons when said pistons are at that position creating the smallest such fully enclosed space during the engine compression process; means for placing solid carbon fuel and the pore spaces therein within a fractional portion of each of said combustion chamber spaces, said fractional portion exceeding zero and not exceeding one, so that a major portion of said solid carbon remains within said combustion chamber through several engine cycles; each of said cylinders further comprising at least one solid, non carbon piece, said solid piece and any non carbon pore spaces therein being stationary with respect to said cylinders and occupying a fractional portion, which is less than one and exceeds zero, of said combustion chamber space; each of said combustion chamber spaces being large enough to contain said solid carbon fuel and the pore spaces therein when placed within said combustion chamber, said solid non carbon stationary pieces and the non carbon pore spaces therein, and a clear non pore space free of solid material, said clear space being a fractional portion, which is less than one and may be zero, of said combustion chamber space; wherein the improvement comprising adding to said solid carbon burning engine at least one engine steam stratifier comprising: means for supplying steam comprising means for adjusting the pressure of said steam in proportion to engine intake air flow quantity; means for delivering said steam in equal volume to each engine cylinder commencing after commencement of the engine compression process and stopping prior to the end of the engine compression process; means for timing and positioning said steam delivery so that it occurs largely into that engine intake air mass which goes into the solid carbon pore spaces within the engine combustion chamber space; whereby the solid carbon pore temperatures within said combustion chamber can be reduced.

Claim 11

The combination of a solid carbon burning internal combustion engine comprising: at least one cylinder and at least one and at most two pistons with piston crowns operative within each of said cylinders, each of said cylinders comprising a combustion chamber space fully enclosed by a portion of the interior walls of said cylinder and the crowns of said pistons when said pistons are at that position creating the smallest such fully enclosed space during the engine compression process; means for placing solid carbon fuel and the pore spaces therein within a fractional portion of each of said combustion chamber spaces, said fractional portion exceeding zero and not exceeding one, so that a major portion of said solid carbon remains within said combustion chamber through several engine cycles; each of said cylinders further comprising at least one solid, non carbon piece, said solid piece and any non carbon pore spaces therein being stationary with respect to said cylinders and occupying a fractional portion, which is less than one and exceeds zero, of said combustion chamber space; each of said combustion chamber spaces being large enough to contain said solid carbon fuel and the pore spaces therein when placed within said combustion chamber, said solid non carbon stationary pieces and the non carbon pore spaces therein, and a clear non pore space free of solid material, said clear space being a fractional portion, which is less than one and may be zero, of said combustion chamber space; wherein the improvement comprises adding to said solid carbon burning engine at least one engine steam stratifier comprising: means for supplying steam at a constant pressure; means for delivering said steam in equal volume to each engine cylinder commencing after commencement of the engine compression process and stopping prior to the end of the engine compression process; means for adjusting said volume of delivered steam to be proportional to engine intake air flow quantity; whereby the solid carbon pore temperatures within said combustion chamber can be reduced.

Claim 12

The combination of a solid carbon burning internal combustion engine comprising: at least one cylinder and at least one and at most two pistons with piston crowns operative within each of said cylinders, each of said cylinders comprising a combustion chamber space fully enclosed by a portion of the interior walls of said cylinder and the crowns of said pistons when said pistons are at that position creating the smallest such fully enclosed space during the engine compression process; means for placing solid carbon fuel and the pore spaces therein within a fractional portion of each of said combustion chamber spaces, said fractional portion exceeding zero and not exceeding one, so that a major portion of said solid carbon remains within said combustion chamber through several engine cycles; each of said cylinders further comprising at least one solid, non carbon piece, said solid piece and any non carbon pore spaces therein being stationary with respect to said cylinders and occupying a fractional portion, which is less than one and exceeds zero, of said combustion chamber space; each of said combustion chamber spaces being large enough to contain said solid carbon fuel and the pore spaces therein when placed within said combustion chamber, said solid non carbon stationary pieces and the non carbon pore spaces therein, and a clear non pore space free of solid material, said clear space being a fractional portion, which is less than one and may be zero, of said combustion chamber space; wherein the improvement comprises adding to said solid carbon burning engine at least one engine steam stratifier comprising: means for supplying steam at a constant pressure; means for delivering said steam in equal volume to each engine cylinder commencing after commencement of the engine compression process and stopping prior to the end of the engine compression process; means for adjusting said volume of delivered steam to be proportional to engine intake air flow quantity; whereby the solid carbon pore temperatures within said combustion chamber can be reduced.

Claim 13

The combination of a solid carbon burning internal combustion engine and at least one engine steam stratifier as described in claim 1, wherein said steam delivery commences after commencement of the engine compression process.

Claim 14

The combination of a solid carbon burning internal combustion engine and at least one engine steam stratifier as described in claim 1, and further comprising: means for timing and positioning said steam delivery so that the steam to air ratio of the gases flowing into the solid carbon pore spaces exceeds the steam to air ratio of the gases in the clear spaces.

Claim 15

The combination of a solid carbon burning internal combustion engine and at least one engine steam stratifier as described in claim 2, and further comprising: means for timing and positioning said steam delivery so that the steam to air ratio of the gases flowing into the solid carbon pore spaces exceeds the steam to air ratio of the gases in the clear spaces.

Claim 16

The combination of a solid carbon burning internal combustion engine and at least one engine steam stratifier as described in claim 3, and further comprising: means for timing and positioning said steam delivery so that the steam to air ratio of the gases flowing into the solid carbon pore spaces exceeds the steam to air ratio of the gases in the clear spaces.

Claim 17

The combination of a solid carbon burning internal combustion engine and at least one engine steam stratifier as described in claim 6, and further comprising: means for timing and positioning said steam delivery so that the steam to air ratio of the gases flowing into the solid carbon pore spaces exceeds the steam to air ratio of the gases in the clear spaces.

Claim 18

The combination of a solid carbon burning internal combustion engine and at least one engine steam stratifier as described in claim 7, and further comprising: means for timing and positioning said steam delivery so that the steam to air ratio of the gases flowing into the solid carbon pore spaces exceeds the steam to air ratio of the gases in the clear spaces.

Claim 19

The combination of a solid carbon burning internal combustion engine and at least one engine steam stratifier as described in claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, and further comprising: means for positioning and timing said steam delivery so that said steam delivery occurs only during the engine compression process, and so that said steam delivery occurs largely to the flow surface area of the solid carbon pore spaces of the engine combustion chamber.

Claim 20

The combination of a solid carbon burning internal combustion engine and at least one engine steam stratifier as described in claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, and further comprising: means for positioning and timing said steam delivery so that said steam delivery occurs only during the engine compression process, and so that said steam delivery occurs largely to the flow surface area of the solid carbon pore spaces of the engine combustion chamber; means for controlling said steam delivery rate to be approximately proportional to the concurrent air transfer rate into the solid carbon pore spaces.

Claim 21

The combination of a solid carbon burning internal combustion engine and at least one engine steam stratifier as described in claim 1, 2, 3, or 4, and further comprising: means for timing and positioning said steam delivery so that it occurs largely into that engine intake air mass which goes into the solid carbon pore spaces within the engine combustion chamber space.

Claim 22

The combination of a solid carbon burning internal combustion engine and at least one engine steam stratifier as described in claim 1, 2, 3, or 4, and further comprising: means for timing and positioning said steam delivery so that it occurs largely into that engine intake air mass which goes into the solid carbon pore spaces within the engine combustion chamber space; means for controlling said delivered steam quantity to be approximately proportional to that engine intake air quantity which goes into the solid carbon pore spces.

Claim 23

The combination of a solid carbon burning internal combustion engine and at least one engine steam stratifier as described in claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, and further comprising: means for timing and positioning said steam delivery so that a first steam portion goes largely into that first engine intake air mass which first goes into the solid carbon pore spaces within the engine combustion chamber space, a second steam portion goes largely into that second engine intake air mass which last goes into the solid carbon pore spaces within the engine combustion chamber space.

Claim 24

The combination of a solid carbon burning internal combustion engine and at least one engine steam stratifier as described in claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, and further comprising: means for timing and positioning said steam delivery so that, a first steam portion goes largely into that first engine intake air mass which first goes into the solid carbon pore spaces within the engine combustion chamber space, a second steam portion goes largely into that second engine intake air mass which last goes into the solid carbon pore spaces within the engine combustion chamber space; means for controlling said first and second delivered steam portions to be approximately proportional to said first air mass and to said second air mass respectively with the steam to air ratio differing between said first air mass and said second air mass.