US4333156A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Broadband cyclotomic tone detector
Assignee: AT&T Inc
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Filing: 1980-06-23
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Granted: 1982-06-01
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Expires: 2000-06-23
Abstract
Abstract A system (1000) for estimating the frequency of a tone input utilizes sample rate restriction in successive stages and processing by digital cyclotomic filters at each stage. The tone input (2001) is first transformed in network (1100) to yield two quadrature tones. Digitizer (1200) converts the two tones into data words. Buffer (1300) comprises two essentially identical storage arrangements wherein data words are stored and then supplied to succeeding stages. Frequency-shifting unit (1400) effects modulus-one multiplication by processing appropriately selected data words. Word pairs and frequency-shifted versions thereof are processed by cyclotomic filters (1500). Sequential decimation in the system effects a successively refined estimate to the tonal frequency. During each stage of decimation, the filters are configured to provide symmetric coverage of the subband containing the estimate. Configuration information is provided by decision unit (1600) via threshold comparison of the outputs from the filters and controller (1700) provides control information to the elements of the system. Rate reduction occurs on a 4:1 basis for each stage of decimation. The first frequency interval covered is one-fourth the initial sampling rate, and each stage of decimation causes a factor of four refinement in the estimate. The filters are structured as the equivalent of four filter pairs at each stage of decimation, two of the four pairs are of first order, whereas the other two are of second order.
Inventors
- 👤 Robert P. Kurshan
- 👤 David Malah
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-04 20:28
CPC Classifications
G; G06; G06F; G06F17/00; G06F17/10
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 41
Claim 1
Independent Claim
49 words
Circuitry for detecting the frequency of a discrete-time input signal CHARACTERIZED BY control means (1700) for operating on said input signal by sequentially decimating said input signal to provide a decimated signal; and cyclotomic filter means (1500), responsive to said control means, for receiving and processing said decimated signal.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
49 words
Circuitry for detecting the frequency of a discrete-time input signal CHARACTERIZED BY control means (1700) for operating on said input signal by sequentially decimating said input signal to provide a decimated signal; and cyclotomic filter means (1500), responsive to said control means, for receiving and processing said decimated signal.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
18 words
Circuitry as recited in claim 1 wherein said filter means comprises only first- and second-order cyclotomic filters (1501-1504).
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
17 words
Circuitry as recited in claim 2 wherein said cyclotomic filters comprise at least one time-shared cyclotomic filter.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
47 words
Circuitry as recited in claim 2 wherein said cyclotomic filters are partitioned into sequentially operating stages of cyclotomic filter arrays, each of said arrays being responsive to said control means and arranged to receive and process said decimated signal based on the output of each preceding array.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
26 words
Circuitry as recited in claim 4 wherein the number of said stages corresponds to the number of separate stages of decimation provided by said control means.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
42 words
Circuitry as recited in claims 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 further comprising means (1600), responsive to both said filter means and said control means, for receiving the output from said filter means and for identifying said frequency from said filter output.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
34 words
Circuitry as recited in claim 6 wherein said circuitry includes means (1400), responsive to said control means, for receiving and frequency-shifting said decimated signal and for transmitting said frequency-shifted signal to said filter means.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
46 words
Circuitry as recited in claim 6 wherein said means for identifying further comprises means (1609) receiving and decoding said filter output, the output of said means for decoding providing a feedback signal to said control means to configure said filter means at each stage of decimation.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
101 words
Circuitry for detecting and estimating the frequency of a discrete-time input signal characterized by discrete-time cyclotomic filter means (1500) for receiving and processing said signal; control means (1700), including a clock (1701), coupled to said filter means for sequentially driving said filter means with said clock and preselected submultiples thereof to provide sequential outputs from said filter means; and means (1600), responsive to both said filter means and said control means, for testing and providing an indication of the status of said signal from said sequential outputs, each of said outputs corresponding to said clock or one of said preselected submultiples.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
101 words
Circuitry for detecting and estimating the frequency of a discrete-time input signal characterized by discrete-time cyclotomic filter means (1500) for receiving and processing said signal; control means (1700), including a clock (1701), coupled to said filter means for sequentially driving said filter means with said clock and preselected submultiples thereof to provide sequential outputs from said filter means; and means (1600), responsive to both said filter means and said control means, for testing and providing an indication of the status of said signal from said sequential outputs, each of said outputs corresponding to said clock or one of said preselected submultiples.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
17 words
Circuitry as recited in claim 9 wherein said cyclotomic filter means comprises only first- and second-order filters.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
141 words
A tone detection system for determining the frequency of in-phase and quadrature tones characterized by control means (1700) for processing said tones by sequentially decimating said tones in the ratio 4:1 at each stage of decimation to produce decimated in-phase and quadrature tones, modulus-one multiplier means (1400) for receiving said decimated in-phase and quadrature tones and for producing frequency-shifted versions of said decimated tones, and an array (1500) of first- and second-order cyclotomic filters (1501-1504) arranged as four filter pairs, wherein each of said pairs comprises substantially identical ones of said filters, said array adapted for receiving and processing said decimated tones and said frequency-shifted versions and, in response to said control means, for configuring said pairs to provide a symmetric frequency characteristic at each said stage of decimation to cover the frequency band containing said tones with four contiguous subbands.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
141 words
A tone detection system for determining the frequency of in-phase and quadrature tones characterized by control means (1700) for processing said tones by sequentially decimating said tones in the ratio 4:1 at each stage of decimation to produce decimated in-phase and quadrature tones, modulus-one multiplier means (1400) for receiving said decimated in-phase and quadrature tones and for producing frequency-shifted versions of said decimated tones, and an array (1500) of first- and second-order cyclotomic filters (1501-1504) arranged as four filter pairs, wherein each of said pairs comprises substantially identical ones of said filters, said array adapted for receiving and processing said decimated tones and said frequency-shifted versions and, in response to said control means, for configuring said pairs to provide a symmetric frequency characteristic at each said stage of decimation to cover the frequency band containing said tones with four contiguous subbands.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
201 words
A detection system for receiving and estimating the frequency of an input tone characterized by means (1100) for receiving and transforming said input tone into components including in-phase and quadrature tones corresponding to said input tone; means (1200), coupled to said means for transforming, for sampling said components at preselected sample rates determined by an initial rate and submultiples thereof to obtain sampled versions of said components; means for processing said sampled versions at each of said sample rates comprising means (1400) for receiving and frequency-shifting said sampled versions to obtain shifted sampled versions thereof, digital cyclotomic filter means (1500), responsive to said frequency-shifting means and said sampling means, for processing said sampled versions and said shifted sampled versions, and means (1600), responsive to said filter means, for detecting said tone by comparing the output magnitudes from said filter means after a fixed number of processed samples; means (1700), coupled to said detecting means and said filter means, for configuring said filter means to provide a preselected frequency response dependent on the output from said detecting means; and means (1700), responsive to said detecting means, for identifying the final frequency subband containing said tone from successive outputs of said detecting means.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
201 words
A detection system for receiving and estimating the frequency of an input tone characterized by means (1100) for receiving and transforming said input tone into components including in-phase and quadrature tones corresponding to said input tone; means (1200), coupled to said means for transforming, for sampling said components at preselected sample rates determined by an initial rate and submultiples thereof to obtain sampled versions of said components; means for processing said sampled versions at each of said sample rates comprising means (1400) for receiving and frequency-shifting said sampled versions to obtain shifted sampled versions thereof, digital cyclotomic filter means (1500), responsive to said frequency-shifting means and said sampling means, for processing said sampled versions and said shifted sampled versions, and means (1600), responsive to said filter means, for detecting said tone by comparing the output magnitudes from said filter means after a fixed number of processed samples; means (1700), coupled to said detecting means and said filter means, for configuring said filter means to provide a preselected frequency response dependent on the output from said detecting means; and means (1700), responsive to said detecting means, for identifying the final frequency subband containing said tone from successive outputs of said detecting means.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
50 words
Circuitry as recited in claim 12 wherein said means for detecting further comprises means (1609), responsive to said filter means, for decoding the outputs from said filter means and providing a feedback signal (2041,2042) to said means for configuring based on predetermined relations among said outputs of said filter means.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
46 words
Circuitry as recited in claim 13 wherein said cyclotomic filter means comprises only first- and second-order cyclotomic filters (1501-1504) and said initial rate is at least four times the highest frequency expected for said tone and said submultiples reduce said initial rate by factors of four.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
140 words
Multiband filter circuitry for determining if an input signal includes a tone within said multiband, said circuitry comprising means (1100) for receiving and Hilbert transforming said input signal to obtain the Hilbert signal, means (1200), responsive to said input signal and said means for Hilbert transforming, for separately sampling said input signal and said Hilbert signal, multiband digital cyclotomic filter means (1500), coupled to said sampling means, for processing the outputs from said means for sampling, means (1601 or 1602-1604), responsive to said filter means after a predetermined number of sample operations, for combining said sampled input signal and said sampled Hilbert signal to form their magnitude signal, and detector means (1605 or 1606-1608) for receiving and comparing said magnitude to a preselected threshold (1665 or 1666) and for indicating the presence of said tone whenever said threshold is exceeded.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
140 words
Multiband filter circuitry for determining if an input signal includes a tone within said multiband, said circuitry comprising means (1100) for receiving and Hilbert transforming said input signal to obtain the Hilbert signal, means (1200), responsive to said input signal and said means for Hilbert transforming, for separately sampling said input signal and said Hilbert signal, multiband digital cyclotomic filter means (1500), coupled to said sampling means, for processing the outputs from said means for sampling, means (1601 or 1602-1604), responsive to said filter means after a predetermined number of sample operations, for combining said sampled input signal and said sampled Hilbert signal to form their magnitude signal, and detector means (1605 or 1606-1608) for receiving and comparing said magnitude to a preselected threshold (1665 or 1666) and for indicating the presence of said tone whenever said threshold is exceeded.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
51 words
Circuitry as recited in claim 15 wherein said cyclotomic filter means includes a digital filter (1501 or 1502) having a difference equation representation of x n =x n-1 +μ n , where μ n and x n are the input and output signals of said filter, respectively, at sample time n.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
50 words
Circuitry as recited in claim 15 wherein said cyclotomic filter means includes a digital filter (1503 or 1504) having a difference equation representation of x n =x n-1 -x n-2 +μ n , where μ n and x n are the input and output signals, respectively, at sample time n.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
31 words
Circuitry as recited in claim 15 wherein said preselected threshold (1665) equals substantially ##EQU13## where A equals the amplitude of said tone and N equals said predetermined number of sample operations.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
51 words
Circuitry as recited in claim 17 wherein said preselected threshold (1666) equals substantially: ##EQU14## for N=3m or N=3m+1, m=1, 2, . . . ; or ##EQU15## for N=3m-1, m=1, 2, . . . , where A equals the amplitude of said tone and N equals said predetermined number of sample operations.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
154 words
Multiband filter circuitry for determining if an input signal includes a tone within said multiband, said circuitry comprising means (1100) for receiving and Hilbert transforming said input signal to obtain the Hilbert signal, means (1200), responsive to said input signal and said means for Hilbert transforming, for separately sampling said input signal and said Hilbert signal to obtain a sampled input signal and a sampled Hilbert signal, multiband digital cyclotomic filter means (1500), modulus-one multiplier means (1400) for interconnecting said sampled input signal and said sampled Hilbert signal with said filter means, means (1601 or 1602-1604), responsive to said filter means after a predetermined number of sample operations, for combining said sampled input signal and said sampled Hilbert signal to form their magnitude signal, and detector (1600) means for receiving and comparing said magnitude to a preselected threshold (1665 or 1666) and for indicating the presence of said tone whenever said threshold is exceeded.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
154 words
Multiband filter circuitry for determining if an input signal includes a tone within said multiband, said circuitry comprising means (1100) for receiving and Hilbert transforming said input signal to obtain the Hilbert signal, means (1200), responsive to said input signal and said means for Hilbert transforming, for separately sampling said input signal and said Hilbert signal to obtain a sampled input signal and a sampled Hilbert signal, multiband digital cyclotomic filter means (1500), modulus-one multiplier means (1400) for interconnecting said sampled input signal and said sampled Hilbert signal with said filter means, means (1601 or 1602-1604), responsive to said filter means after a predetermined number of sample operations, for combining said sampled input signal and said sampled Hilbert signal to form their magnitude signal, and detector (1600) means for receiving and comparing said magnitude to a preselected threshold (1665 or 1666) and for indicating the presence of said tone whenever said threshold is exceeded.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
48 words
Circuitry as recited in claim 20 wherein said cyclotomic filter means includes a digital filter (1501 or 1502) having a difference equation representation of x n =-x n-1 +μ n , where μ n and x n are the input and output signals, respectively, at sample time n.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
50 words
Circuitry as recited in claim 20 wherein said cyclotomic filter means includes a digital filter (1503 or 1504) having a difference equation representation of x n =-x n-1 -x n-2 +μ n , where μ n and x n are the input and output signals, respectively, at sample time n.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
31 words
Circuitry as recited in claim 21 wherein said preselected threshold (1665) equals substantially ##EQU16## where A equals the amplitude of said tone and N equals said predetermined number of sample operations.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
51 words
Circuitry as recited in claim 22 wherein said preselected threshold (1666) equals substantially: ##EQU17## for N=3m or N=3m+1, m=1, 2, . . . ; or ##EQU18## for N=3m-1, m=1, 2, . . . , where A equals the amplitude of said tone and N equals said predetermined number of sample operations.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
253 words
Multiband filter circuitry for determining if an input signal includes a tone within said multiband, said circuitry comprising means (1100) for receiving and phase-shifting said input signal to produce a quadrature signal, means (1200), responsive to said input signal and quadrature signal, for independently sampling said input signal and said quadrature signal to obtain a sampled input and a sampled quadrature signal, first and second multiband digital cyclotomic filter means (1500) having substantially identical filter characteristics, first means (1401,1461,1464,1465,1468, 1471,1473,1475,1477) for sequentially and periodically connecting said first multiband filter, on a per sample basis, with: said sampled input signal; the negative of said sampled quadrature signal; the negative of said sampled input signal; and said sampled quadrature signal, second means (1401,1462,1463,1466,1468, 1472,1474,1476,1478) for sequentially and periodically connecting said second multiband filter, on a per sample basis, with: said sampled quadrature signal; said sampled input signal; the negative of said sampled quadrature signal; and the negative of said sampled input signal, means (1601-1604), coupled to said filter means, for independently squaring the outputs of said first and second filter means, means (1601-1604), responsive to said means for squaring, for adding the outputs of said means for squaring, means (1601-1604), connected to said means for adding, for square-rooting the output of said means for adding, and detector means (1605-1608,1609) for receiving and comparing the output of said means for square-rooting to a preselected threshold and for indicating the presence of said input tone whenever said threshold is exceeded after a predetermined number of sampling operations.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
253 words
Multiband filter circuitry for determining if an input signal includes a tone within said multiband, said circuitry comprising means (1100) for receiving and phase-shifting said input signal to produce a quadrature signal, means (1200), responsive to said input signal and quadrature signal, for independently sampling said input signal and said quadrature signal to obtain a sampled input and a sampled quadrature signal, first and second multiband digital cyclotomic filter means (1500) having substantially identical filter characteristics, first means (1401,1461,1464,1465,1468, 1471,1473,1475,1477) for sequentially and periodically connecting said first multiband filter, on a per sample basis, with: said sampled input signal; the negative of said sampled quadrature signal; the negative of said sampled input signal; and said sampled quadrature signal, second means (1401,1462,1463,1466,1468, 1472,1474,1476,1478) for sequentially and periodically connecting said second multiband filter, on a per sample basis, with: said sampled quadrature signal; said sampled input signal; the negative of said sampled quadrature signal; and the negative of said sampled input signal, means (1601-1604), coupled to said filter means, for independently squaring the outputs of said first and second filter means, means (1601-1604), responsive to said means for squaring, for adding the outputs of said means for squaring, means (1601-1604), connected to said means for adding, for square-rooting the output of said means for adding, and detector means (1605-1608,1609) for receiving and comparing the output of said means for square-rooting to a preselected threshold and for indicating the presence of said input tone whenever said threshold is exceeded after a predetermined number of sampling operations.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
172 words
Multiband filter circuitry for determining if an input signal includes a tone within said multiband, said circuitry comprising means (1100) for receiving and phase-shifting said input signal to produce a quadrature signal, time-shared means (1200), responsive to said input signal and said quadrature signal, for sampling said input signal and said quadrature signal to obtain a sampled input signal and a sampled quadrature signal, time-shared multiband digital cyclotomic filter means (1500), modulus-one multiplier means (1400) for interconnecting said sampled input signal and said sampled quadrature signal to said filter means, arithmetic means, responsive to said filter means after a predetermined number of sampling operations, including means (1601-1604) for receiving and squaring the outputs of said filter means corresponding to said input signal and said quadrature signal, and means (1601-1604), responsive to said means for squaring, for adding the resultant squares, and detector (1605-1608,1609,1665,1666) means for receiving and comparing the output of said arithmetic means to a preselected threshold and for indicating the presence of said input tone whenever said threshold is exceeded.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
172 words
Multiband filter circuitry for determining if an input signal includes a tone within said multiband, said circuitry comprising means (1100) for receiving and phase-shifting said input signal to produce a quadrature signal, time-shared means (1200), responsive to said input signal and said quadrature signal, for sampling said input signal and said quadrature signal to obtain a sampled input signal and a sampled quadrature signal, time-shared multiband digital cyclotomic filter means (1500), modulus-one multiplier means (1400) for interconnecting said sampled input signal and said sampled quadrature signal to said filter means, arithmetic means, responsive to said filter means after a predetermined number of sampling operations, including means (1601-1604) for receiving and squaring the outputs of said filter means corresponding to said input signal and said quadrature signal, and means (1601-1604), responsive to said means for squaring, for adding the resultant squares, and detector (1605-1608,1609,1665,1666) means for receiving and comparing the output of said arithmetic means to a preselected threshold and for indicating the presence of said input tone whenever said threshold is exceeded.
Claim 35
Independent Claim
35 words
A method for detecting the frequency of a discrete-time input signal characterized by the steps of sequentially decimating said input signal to provide a decimated signal; and processing said decimated signal with cyclotomic filter means.
Claim 36
Independent Claim
35 words
A method for detecting the frequency of a discrete-time input signal characterized by the steps of sequentially decimating said input signal to provide a decimated signal; and processing said decimated signal with cyclotomic filter means.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method as recited in claim 27 further comprising the step of identifying said frequency from sequential outputs of said filter means.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method as recited in claim 28 further comprising the step of frequency-shifting said decimated signal before processing by said filter means.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
34 words
The method as recited in claim 29 further comprising the steps of detecting said outputs and providing decoded versions of said outputs, and configuring said cyclotomic filter means in response to said decoded versions.
Claim 40
Independent Claim
202 words
A method for estimating the frequency of an input tone characterized by the steps of (i) transforming said input tone into components including in-phase and quadrature tones corresponding to said input tone, (ii) providing a sampling signal having an initial rate and cyclotomic filter means with an initial frequency characteristic defined over a frequency band determined by said rate, (iii) sampling said components at said rate to obtain sampled versions of said tones, (iv) frequency-shifting said sampled versions to obtain shifted sampled versions thereof, (v) filtering said sampled versions and said shifted versions thereof with said filter means, (vi) detecting said tone by comparing the output magnitudes from said filter means after a fixed number of samples to locate a subband of said band containing said tone, (vii) determining if said location of said subband provides a sufficient estimate to the frequency of said tone and, if so, proceeding to step (x), (viii) decreasing said rate by a predetermined factor, (ix) reconfiguring said filter means as determined by said location and said rate, and proceeding to step (v), and (x) identifying the final estimate to the frequency of said tone as said location used to arrive at this step from step (vii).
Claim 41
Independent Claim
202 words
A method for estimating the frequency of an input tone characterized by the steps of (i) transforming said input tone into components including in-phase and quadrature tones corresponding to said input tone, (ii) providing a sampling signal having an initial rate and cyclotomic filter means with an initial frequency characteristic defined over a frequency band determined by said rate, (iii) sampling said components at said rate to obtain sampled versions of said tones, (iv) frequency-shifting said sampled versions to obtain shifted sampled versions thereof, (v) filtering said sampled versions and said shifted versions thereof with said filter means, (vi) detecting said tone by comparing the output magnitudes from said filter means after a fixed number of samples to locate a subband of said band containing said tone, (vii) determining if said location of said subband provides a sufficient estimate to the frequency of said tone and, if so, proceeding to step (x), (viii) decreasing said rate by a predetermined factor, (ix) reconfiguring said filter means as determined by said location and said rate, and proceeding to step (v), and (x) identifying the final estimate to the frequency of said tone as said location used to arrive at this step from step (vii).
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1985-05-31 | 1985-11-30 | 1986-06-01 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1989-05-31 | 1989-11-30 | 1990-06-01 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1993-05-31 | 1993-11-30 | 1994-06-01 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |