US4330443A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Dry chemical process for grafting acrylic and methyl acrylic ester and amide monomers onto starch-containing materials
Assignee: United States Department of Agriculture
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Filing: 1980-06-18
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Granted: 1982-05-18
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Expires: 2000-06-18
Abstract
Abstract Acrylic monomers are grafted onto starch-containing materials by a novel dry state process in which small amounts of peroxides chemically initiate the free radical reaction. Since the process is dry and the resultant products contain no contaminants, it is unnecessary to isolate, wash, and dry them before use. The products are useful in the paper and mineral separation industries.
Inventors
- 👤 John C. Rankin
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-31 13:53
CPC Classifications
C; C08; C08F; C08F251/00; D; D21; D21H; D21H17/00; D21H17/20; D21H17/21; D21H17/24; D21H17/28; D21H17/29
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 11
Claim 1
Independent Claim
146 words
In a method for preparing a graft copolymer of a starch-containing material and an acrylic monomer selected from the group consisting of compounds having the following structural formulas: ##STR16## wherein R 1 =--H, or is from the group of C 1 -C 6 straight, branched, or cyclic alkyl radicals; ##STR17## with the proviso that if R 2 is --H, then the functional group A is eliminated; wherein each R 3 is independently selected from the group of --H, and C 1 -C 6 straight or branched alkyl radicals, and wherein two R 3 substituents may be joined together to form a cyclic structure; and wherein m=0, 1 and n=1-6; A=a cationic, anionic, or nonionic functional group; and B=--N⊖-amine⊕ or --⊕NH-amine-halogen⊖; the improvement comprising reacting said starch-containing material with said monomer in a dry state and in the presence of a peroxide in a non-redox catalysis system.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
146 words
In a method for preparing a graft copolymer of a starch-containing material and an acrylic monomer selected from the group consisting of compounds having the following structural formulas: ##STR16## wherein R 1 =--H, or is from the group of C 1 -C 6 straight, branched, or cyclic alkyl radicals; ##STR17## with the proviso that if R 2 is --H, then the functional group A is eliminated; wherein each R 3 is independently selected from the group of --H, and C 1 -C 6 straight or branched alkyl radicals, and wherein two R 3 substituents may be joined together to form a cyclic structure; and wherein m=0, 1 and n=1-6; A=a cationic, anionic, or nonionic functional group; and B=--N⊖-amine⊕ or --⊕NH-amine-halogen⊖; the improvement comprising reacting said starch-containing material with said monomer in a dry state and in the presence of a peroxide in a non-redox catalysis system.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
31 words
The method as described in claim 1 wherein said starch-containing material is selected from the group consisting of cereal grain starches, cereal grain flours, root crop starches, and root crop flours.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
81 words
The method as described in claim 1 wherein the acrylic monomer is characterized by either Formula 1 or Formula 2, and A is cationic and is selected from the group consisting of: ##STR18## wherein R 3 is as defined previously and may be the same as or different from the R 3 on the R 2 group; and wherein X=Cl - , Br - , or I - ; and X'=X, R 3 X, or R 3 SO 4 - .
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
59 words
The method as described in claim 1 wherein the acrylic monomer is characterized by either Formula 1 or Formula 2, and A is anionic and is selected from the group consisting of: ##STR19## wherein R 4 is --H, alkali or alkali earth metal, or is from the group of C 1 -C 6 straight, branched, or cyclic alkyl radicals.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
61 words
The method as described in claim 1 wherein the acrylic monomer is characterized by either Formula 1 or Formula 2, and A is nonionic and is selected from the group consisting of: ##STR20## wherein R 1 , R 3 , m, and n are as defined previously and may be the same as or different from similar designations in the structure.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
54 words
The method as described in claim 1 wherein the acrylic monomer is characterized by Formula 3 and B is selected from the group consisting of: ##STR21## wherein R 3 is as defined previously, wherein R 5 =--CH 3 , ##STR22## wherein r=0-7; and wherein X=Cl - , Br - , or I - .
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method as described in claim 1 wherein said peroxide catalyst is an organic peroxide.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method as described in claim 7 wherein said organic peroxide is benzoyl peroxide.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method as described in claim 1 wherein said peroxide catalyst is an inorganic peroxide.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method as described in claim 1 wherein said peroxide catalyst is hydrogen peroxide.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US3095391A
Cited
US3676190A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1985-05-17 | 1985-11-16 | 1986-05-18 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1989-05-17 | 1989-11-16 | 1990-05-18 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1993-05-17 | 1993-11-16 | 1994-05-18 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |