US4329402A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Micro-throwing alloy undercoatings and method for improving corrosion resistance
Assignee: WHYCO TECHNOLOGIES Inc
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Filing: 1979-09-25
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Granted: 1982-05-11
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Expires: 1999-09-25
Abstract
Abstract Novel micro-throwing alloy undercoatings, multi-layer coatings containing a novel micro-throwing alloy undercoating and method of improving the corrosion resistance of ferrous metal articles are provided in accordance with the invention. The novel micro-throwing alloy undercoatings are applied as an initial layer over ferrous metal and comprise a layer of alloy having micro-throwing power, such as nickel-cadmium, nickel-zinc, iron-cadmium, iron-zinc, cobalt-cadmium, cobalt-zinc or a ternary or quaternary alloy containing iron, nickel or cobalt in combination with cadmium or zinc. The method comprises application, preferably by electroplating, of a layer of novel micro-throwing alloy undercoating directly over ferrous metal, optionally followed by one or more layers of metallic or organic coatings which further contribute to improved corrosion resistance.
Inventors
- 👤 Jacob Hyner
- 👤 Stephen Gradowski
- 👤 Thomas F. Maestrone
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-28 19:06
CPC Classifications
C; C25; C25D; C25D3/00; C25D3/02; C25D3/56; C25D3/565; C23; C23C; C23C28/00; C23C28/02; C23C28/023; C23F; C23F13/00; C23F13/02; C25D5/00; C25D5/10; C25D5/12; B; B05; B05D; B05D2350/00; B05D2350/60; B05D2350/65; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S411/00; Y10S411/90; Y10S411/901; Y10S411/902; Y10S428/00; Y10S428/922; Y10S428/923; Y10S428/924; Y10S428/926; Y10S428/9335; Y10S428/934; Y10S428/935; Y10T; Y10T428/00; Y10T428/12; Y10T428/12493; Y10T428/12535; Y10T428/12771; Y10T428/12785; Y10T428/12792; Y10T428/12799; Y10T428/12861; Y10T428/12937
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 15
Claim 1
Independent Claim
168 words
A multi-layer plated article comprising a ferrous metal substrate having thereon a coating for improving the corrosion resistance of said article comprising; (a) a layer of nickel-cadmium alloy comprising 95 to 99.9% by weight nickel and 0.1 to 5.0% by weight cadmium, said alloy being characterized by the ability to be electrodeposited upon said substrate to form a layer which is thicker inside of surface defects thereon than on the plane surface in which the defect is formed, said layer of nickel-cadmium alloy being applied directly over said substrate and having a thickness which ranges from about 0.005 to 0.00005 inches, and (b) at least one coating which contributes to further improving the corrosion resistance of said ferrous metal substrate, said coating being applied over said layer of nickel-cadmium alloy and being selected from (1) a galvanically protective metal or alloy selected from the group consisting of cadmium and tin, zinc or zinc alloy, (2) alloys of (1), (3) paints, (4) metal dyes, or (5) a chromate film.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
168 words
A multi-layer plated article comprising a ferrous metal substrate having thereon a coating for improving the corrosion resistance of said article comprising; (a) a layer of nickel-cadmium alloy comprising 95 to 99.9% by weight nickel and 0.1 to 5.0% by weight cadmium, said alloy being characterized by the ability to be electrodeposited upon said substrate to form a layer which is thicker inside of surface defects thereon than on the plane surface in which the defect is formed, said layer of nickel-cadmium alloy being applied directly over said substrate and having a thickness which ranges from about 0.005 to 0.00005 inches, and (b) at least one coating which contributes to further improving the corrosion resistance of said ferrous metal substrate, said coating being applied over said layer of nickel-cadmium alloy and being selected from (1) a galvanically protective metal or alloy selected from the group consisting of cadmium and tin, zinc or zinc alloy, (2) alloys of (1), (3) paints, (4) metal dyes, or (5) a chromate film.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
16 words
The article of claim 1 wherein the thickness of said nickel-cadmium alloy is about 0.0002 inches.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
87 words
The article of claim 1 wherein two layers of said coating which contribute to further improving corrosion resistance are provided comprising, in sequence over said layer of nickel-cadmium alloy; (a) a first layer of coating selected from (1) a galvanically protective metal or alloy selected from cadmium, tin, cadmium-tin alloy, a dual layer of cadmium and tin, zinc or zinc alloy, or (2) alloys of (1), and (b) a second layer of coating deposited over said first layer and selected from paints, metal dyes and chromate film.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
29 words
The article of claim 1 wherein the thickness of each respective layer of said coating, applied over said layer of nickel-cadmium alloy ranges between about 0.001 to 0.0001 inches.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
163 words
An article having a ferrous metal substrate and improved corrosion resistance comprising, in sequence; (a) ferrous metal as the structural base of said article, (b) a layer of nickel-cadmium alloy comprising 95 to 99.9% by weight nickel and 0.1 to 5.0% by weight cadmium, said alloy being characterized by the ability to be electrodeposited upon said substrate to form a layer which is thicker inside of surface defects thereon than on the plane surface in which the defect is formed, said layer of nickel-cadmium alloy being applied directly over said ferrous metal and having a thickness which ranges from about 0.005 to 0.00005 inches; and (c) at least one layer of coating which contributes to further improving the corrosion resistance of said ferrous metal, wherein said coating is selected from the group consisting of cadmium, tin, cadmium-tin alloy, a dual layer of cadmium and tin, zinc or zinc alloy, (2) alloys of (1), (3) paints, (4) metal dyes or (5) a chromate film.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
163 words
An article having a ferrous metal substrate and improved corrosion resistance comprising, in sequence; (a) ferrous metal as the structural base of said article, (b) a layer of nickel-cadmium alloy comprising 95 to 99.9% by weight nickel and 0.1 to 5.0% by weight cadmium, said alloy being characterized by the ability to be electrodeposited upon said substrate to form a layer which is thicker inside of surface defects thereon than on the plane surface in which the defect is formed, said layer of nickel-cadmium alloy being applied directly over said ferrous metal and having a thickness which ranges from about 0.005 to 0.00005 inches; and (c) at least one layer of coating which contributes to further improving the corrosion resistance of said ferrous metal, wherein said coating is selected from the group consisting of cadmium, tin, cadmium-tin alloy, a dual layer of cadmium and tin, zinc or zinc alloy, (2) alloys of (1), (3) paints, (4) metal dyes or (5) a chromate film.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
18 words
The article of claim 5 wherein the thickness of said alloy having micro-throwing power is about 0.0002 inches.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
88 words
The article of claim 5 wherein two layers of coating which contribute to further improving corrosion resistance are provided comprising, in sequence over said layer of alloy having micro-throwing power; (a) a first layer of coating selected from (1) a galvanically protective metal or alloy selected from cadmium, tin, cadmium-tin alloy, a dual layer of cadmium and tin, zinc or zinc alloy or (2) alloys of (1), and (b) a second layer of coating deposited over said first layer and selected from paints, metal dyes, and chromate film.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
29 words
The article of claim 5 wherein the thickness of each respective layer of said coating applied over said layer of nickel-cadmium alloy ranges between about 0.001 to 0.0001 inches.
Claim 11
Independent Claim
170 words
A method of improving the corrosion resistance of an article having a ferrous metal substrate which comprises electroplating a layer of nickel-cadmium alloy comprising 95 to 99.9% by weight nickel and 0.1 to 5.0% by weight cadmium, said alloy being characterized by the ability to be electrodeposited upon said substrate to form a layer which is thicker inside of surface defects thereon than on the plane surface in which the defect is formed, said layer of nickel-cadmium alloy being applied over said ferrous metal substrate and having a thickness which ranges from about 0.005 to 0.00005 inches, and applying over said layer of nickel-cadmium alloy at least one layer of coating which contributes to further improving the corrosion resistance of said ferrous metal substrate and is selected from (1) a galvanically protective metal or alloy selected from the group consisting of cadmium, tin, cadmium-tin alloy, a dual layer of cadmium and tin, zinc or zinc alloy, (2) alloys of (1), (3) paints, (4) metal dyes, or (5) a chromate film.
Claim 12
Independent Claim
170 words
A method of improving the corrosion resistance of an article having a ferrous metal substrate which comprises electroplating a layer of nickel-cadmium alloy comprising 95 to 99.9% by weight nickel and 0.1 to 5.0% by weight cadmium, said alloy being characterized by the ability to be electrodeposited upon said substrate to form a layer which is thicker inside of surface defects thereon than on the plane surface in which the defect is formed, said layer of nickel-cadmium alloy being applied over said ferrous metal substrate and having a thickness which ranges from about 0.005 to 0.00005 inches, and applying over said layer of nickel-cadmium alloy at least one layer of coating which contributes to further improving the corrosion resistance of said ferrous metal substrate and is selected from (1) a galvanically protective metal or alloy selected from the group consisting of cadmium, tin, cadmium-tin alloy, a dual layer of cadmium and tin, zinc or zinc alloy, (2) alloys of (1), (3) paints, (4) metal dyes, or (5) a chromate film.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method of claim 9 wherein the thickness of said nickel-cadmium alloy is about 0.0002 inches.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
99 words
The method of claim 9 including applying over said layer of nickel-cadmium alloy two layers of coating which contribute to further improving corrosion resistance said two layers respectively comprising, in sequence over said layer of alloy having microthrowing power; (a) a first layer of coating selected from (1) a galvanically protective metal or alloy selected from cadmium, tin, cadmium-tin alloy, a dual layer of cadmium and tin, zinc or zinc alloy or (2) alloys of (1), and (b) a second layer of coating applied over said first layer of coating and selected from paints, metal dyes, and chromate film.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method of claim 9 wherein the thickness of each respective layer of said coating applied over said layer of nickel-cadmium alloy ranges between about 0.001 to 0.0001 inches.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1985-05-10 | 1985-11-09 | 1986-05-11 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1989-05-10 | 1989-11-09 | 1990-05-11 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1993-05-10 | 1993-11-09 | 1994-05-11 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |