US4328286A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Electrodeposited palladium, method of preparation and electrical contact made thereby
Assignee: Huntington Alloys Corp
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Filing: 1980-04-04
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Granted: 1982-05-04
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Expires: 2000-04-04
Abstract
Abstract The invention provides a method of electrodepositing palladium on a substrate e.g. an electrical switch contact, to give a coating having low transverse porosity and good slip wear resistance. The method involves electrodepositing a first layer from an alkaline bath containing a cationic palladium ammine complex and then electrodepositing on the first layer a second layer from an acid bath containing an anionic palladium nitrite complex.
Inventors
- 👤 Jeffrey N. Crosby
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-02 23:54
CPC Classifications
C; C25; C25D; C25D3/00; C25D3/02; C25D3/50; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S428/00; Y10S428/922; Y10S428/923; Y10S428/924; Y10S428/926; Y10S428/9265; Y10S428/929; Y10S428/9335; Y10S428/934; Y10S428/935; Y10T; Y10T428/00; Y10T428/12; Y10T428/12493; Y10T428/12639; Y10T428/12771; Y10T428/12861; Y10T428/12875
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 38
Claim 1
Independent Claim
107 words
A method of producing an electrical contact material having high resistance to oxidation and corrosion and good electrical conductivity comprising a duplex coating of electroplated palladium on a substrate comprising electroplating on the substrate a first layer of palladium from a first aqueous bath having an alkaline pH and comprising a cationic palladium ammine complex and free ammonia, and then on the first layer of palladium electrodepositing a second layer of palladium from a second aqueous bath having an acid pH and comprising the anionic complex Pd(NO 2 ) 4 2- , whereby a duplex coating is produced having low transverse porosity and good slip wear resistance.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
107 words
A method of producing an electrical contact material having high resistance to oxidation and corrosion and good electrical conductivity comprising a duplex coating of electroplated palladium on a substrate comprising electroplating on the substrate a first layer of palladium from a first aqueous bath having an alkaline pH and comprising a cationic palladium ammine complex and free ammonia, and then on the first layer of palladium electrodepositing a second layer of palladium from a second aqueous bath having an acid pH and comprising the anionic complex Pd(NO 2 ) 4 2- , whereby a duplex coating is produced having low transverse porosity and good slip wear resistance.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
49 words
A method of producing an electrical contact material as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the cationic palladium ammine complex is one resulting from the addition to water of Pd(NH 3 ) 2 Cl 2 and sufficient ammonia to provide free ammonia in solution and an alkaline pH.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
28 words
A method of producing an electrical contact material as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the cationic palladium ammine complex is Pd(NH 3 ) 4 2+ .
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
30 words
A method of producing an electrical contact material as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the concentration of palladium in the first bath is at least about 6 g/l.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
36 words
A method of producing an electrical contact material as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the concentration of palladium in the first bath is in the range of from about 7 to about 13 g/l.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
36 words
A method of producing an electrical contact material as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the concentration of palladium in the second bath is in the range of from about 1 to about 10 g/l.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
46 words
A method of producing an electrical contact material as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the second bath contains sodium nitrite in an amount of from about 5 to about 30 g/l and sodium chloride in an amount from about 30 to about 70 g/l.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
32 words
A method of producing an electrical contact material as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the second bath includes boric acid in an amount from about 10 to about 50 g/l.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
31 words
A method of producing an electrical contact material as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the combined thickness of the first and second layers is less than about 6 μm.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
40 words
A method of producing an electrical contact material as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that the first layer has a thickness of at least about 1 μm and the second layer has a thickness greater than about 1.25 μm.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
31 words
A method of producing an electrical contact material as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that the combined thickness of the first and second layers is at least about 2.5 μm.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
90 words
An electrical contact material comprising a substrate and a duplex electroplated coating of palladium having low transverse porosity and good slip wear resistance produced from the method comprising electroplating on the substrate a first layer of palladium from a first aqueous bath having an alkaline pH and comprising a cationic palladium ammine complex and free ammonia, and then on the first layer of palladium electrodepositing a second layer of palladium from a second aqueous bath having an acid pH and comprising the anion complex Pd(NO 2 ) 4 2- .
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
90 words
An electrical contact material comprising a substrate and a duplex electroplated coating of palladium having low transverse porosity and good slip wear resistance produced from the method comprising electroplating on the substrate a first layer of palladium from a first aqueous bath having an alkaline pH and comprising a cationic palladium ammine complex and free ammonia, and then on the first layer of palladium electrodepositing a second layer of palladium from a second aqueous bath having an acid pH and comprising the anion complex Pd(NO 2 ) 4 2- .
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
27 words
An electrical contact material as claimed in claim 12, characterized in that the combined thickness of the first and second layers is less than about 6 μm.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
36 words
An electrical contact material as claimed in claim 12, characterized in that the first layer has a thickness of at least about 1 μm and the second layer has a thickness greater than about 1.25 μm.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
27 words
An electrical contact material as claimed in claim 12, characterized in that the combined thickness of the first and second layers is at least about 2.5 μm.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
45 words
An electrical contact material as claimed in claim 12, characterized in that the cationic palladium ammine complex is one resulting from the addition to water of Pd(NH 3 ) 2 Cl 2 and sufficient ammonia to provide free ammonia in solution and an alkaline pH.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
24 words
An electrical contact material as claimed in claim 12, characterized in that the cationic palladium ammine complex is Pd(NH 3 ) 4 2+ .
Claim 20
Independent Claim
66 words
A method of producing a palladium coating on a substrate, which method comprises electrodepositing a first layer of palladium from a first aqueous bath having an alkaline pH and comprising a cationic palladium ammine complex and free ammonia, and then electrodepositing a second layer of palladium from a second aqueous bath having an acid pH and comprising the anionic complex Pd(NO 2 ) 4 2- .
Claim 21
Independent Claim
66 words
A method of producing a palladium coating on a substrate, which method comprises electrodepositing a first layer of palladium from a first aqueous bath having an alkaline pH and comprising a cationic palladium ammine complex and free ammonia, and then electrodepositing a second layer of palladium from a second aqueous bath having an acid pH and comprising the anionic complex Pd(NO 2 ) 4 2- .
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
28 words
A method of producing a palladium coating as claimed in claim 18, characterized in that the concentration of palladium in the first bath is at least 6 g/l.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
33 words
A method of producing a palladium coating as claimed in claim 18, characterized in that the concentration of palladium in the first bath is in the range of from 7 to 13 g/l.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
33 words
A method of producing a palladium coating as claimed in claim 18, characterized in that the concentration of palladium in the second bath is in the range of from 1 to 10 g/l.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
43 words
A method of producing a palladium coating as claimed in claim 18, characterized in that the second bath contains sodium nitrite in an amount of from about 5 to about 30 g/l and sodium chloride in an amount from 30 to 70 g/l.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
29 words
A method of producing a palladium coating as claimed in claim 18, characterized in that the second bath includes boric acid in an amount from 10 to 50 g/l.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
29 words
A method of producing a palladium coating as claimed in claim 18, characterized in that the combined thickness of the first and second layers is less than 6 μm.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
38 words
A method of producing a palladium coating as claimed in claim 18, characterized in that the first layer has a thickness of at least 1 μm and the second layer has a thickness greater than about 1.25 μm.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
31 words
A method of producing a palladium coating as claimed in claim 18, characterized in that the combined thickness of the first and second layers is at least about 2.5 μm .
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
48 words
A method of producing a palladium coating as claimed in claim 18, characterized in that the cationic palladium ammine complex is one resulting from the addition to water of Pd(NH 3 ) 2 Cl 2 and sufficient ammonia to provide free ammonia in solution and an alkaline pH.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
30 words
A method of producing a palladium coating on a substrate as described in claim 18, characterized in that the cationic palladium ammonia complex is Pd(NH 3 ) 4 2+ .
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
14 words
An object having a palladium coating produced by a method defined in claim 18.
Claim 33
Independent Claim
116 words
A method of producing an electrical contact material having high resistance to oxidation and corrosion and good electrical conductivity comprising a duplex coating of electroplated palladium on a substrate comprising electroplating on the substrate a first layer of palladium from a first aqueous bath having a pH of at least about 8.8 and comprising a cationic palladium ammine complex and free ammonia, and then on the first layer of palladium electrodepositing a second layer of palladium from a second aqueous bath having a pH from about 5.5 to about 6.5 and comprising the anionic complex Pd(NO 2 ) 4 2- , whereby a duplex coating is produced having low transverse porosity and good slip wear resistance.
Claim 34
Independent Claim
116 words
A method of producing an electrical contact material having high resistance to oxidation and corrosion and good electrical conductivity comprising a duplex coating of electroplated palladium on a substrate comprising electroplating on the substrate a first layer of palladium from a first aqueous bath having a pH of at least about 8.8 and comprising a cationic palladium ammine complex and free ammonia, and then on the first layer of palladium electrodepositing a second layer of palladium from a second aqueous bath having a pH from about 5.5 to about 6.5 and comprising the anionic complex Pd(NO 2 ) 4 2- , whereby a duplex coating is produced having low transverse porosity and good slip wear resistance.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
99 words
An electrical contact material comprising a substrate and a duplex electroplated coating of palladium having low transverse porosity and good slip wear resistance produced from the method comprising electroplating on the substrate a first layer of palladium from a first aqueous bath having a pH of at least about 8.8 and comprising a cationic palladium ammine complex and free ammonia, and then on the first layer of palladium electrodepositing a second layer of palladium from a second aqueous bath having a pH from about 5.5 to about 6.5 and comprising the anion complex Pd(NO 2 ) 4 2- .
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
99 words
An electrical contact material comprising a substrate and a duplex electroplated coating of palladium having low transverse porosity and good slip wear resistance produced from the method comprising electroplating on the substrate a first layer of palladium from a first aqueous bath having a pH of at least about 8.8 and comprising a cationic palladium ammine complex and free ammonia, and then on the first layer of palladium electrodepositing a second layer of palladium from a second aqueous bath having a pH from about 5.5 to about 6.5 and comprising the anion complex Pd(NO 2 ) 4 2- .
Claim 37
Independent Claim
75 words
A method of producing a palladium coating on a substrate, which method comprises electrodepositing a first layer of palladium from a first aqueous bath having a pH of at least about 8.8 and comprising a cationic palladium ammine complex and free ammonia, and then electrodepositing a second layer of palladium from a second aqueous bath having a pH of about 5.5 to about 6.5 and comprising the anionic complex Pd(NO 2 ) 4 2- .
Claim 38
Independent Claim
75 words
A method of producing a palladium coating on a substrate, which method comprises electrodepositing a first layer of palladium from a first aqueous bath having a pH of at least about 8.8 and comprising a cationic palladium ammine complex and free ammonia, and then electrodepositing a second layer of palladium from a second aqueous bath having a pH of about 5.5 to about 6.5 and comprising the anionic complex Pd(NO 2 ) 4 2- .
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1985-05-03 | 1985-11-02 | 1986-05-04 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1989-05-03 | 1989-11-02 | 1990-05-04 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1993-05-03 | 1993-11-02 | 1994-05-04 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |