Wastewater treatment process

Claim 2

A continuous process for disinfecting wastewater containing infectious microorganisms comprising the steps of: (a) combining the wastewater with sufficient SO 2 that the wastewater has a selected free SO 2 content no less than a selected free SO 2 content of at least about 5 mg/liter and less than about 200 mg/liter; (b) maintaining the combined SO 2 /wastewater in a treatment zone at the selected free SO 2 content and at a pH of from about 1 to about 4 to about 10 to about 60 minutes; and (c) withdrawing wastewater from the treatment zone, the withdrawn wastewater containing substantially no infectious microorganisms.

Claim 3

The process of claim 1 in which the step of maintaining comprises maintaining the combined SO 2 /wastewater at the selected free SO 2 content in the substantial absence of particulate iron.

Claim 4

The process of claim 1 in which the step of maintaining comprises maintaining the combined SO 2 /wastewater at the selected free SO 2 content without agitation.

Claim 5

The process of claim 1 in which the combined SO 2 /wastewater is maintained in the treatment zone for about 10 to about 40 minutes.

Claim 6

The process of claim 1 in which the selected free SO 2 content is at least about 10 mg/liter.

Claim 7

The process of claim 1 or 5 in which the selected free SO 2 content is less than about 150 mg/liter.

Claim 8

The process of claim 1 in which the combined SO 2 /wastewater is maintained in the treatment zone at a pH of about 2 to about 3.

Claim 9

The process of claim 1 including the step of burning sulphur in the presence of no more than the amount of oxygen required to insure substantially complete oxidation of the sulphur to SO 2 to produce a combustion gas comprising SO 2 and no more than about 10% by volume oxygen.

Claim 10

The process of claim 8 wherein the step of combining comprises introducing the combustion gas without any additional oxygen into the wastewater.

Claim 11

The process of claim 1 in which the step of combining comprises contacting a first portion of the wastewater with gaseous SO 2 to dissolve SO 2 therein and mixing the first portion with SO 2 dissolved therein with a second portion of the wastewater.

Claim 12

The process of claim 1 in which the SO 2 is gaseous.

Claim 13

The process of claim 1 in which the step of combining comprises mixing the wastewater with SO 2 dissolved in water.

Claim 14

A continuous process for disinfecting wastewater containing coliform bacteria comprising the steps of: (a) combining the wastewater with sufficient SO 2 so that the wastewater has a selected free SO 2 content of from about 10 to about 150 mg/liter and a selected pH of from about 2 to about 3; (b) maintaining the combined SO 2 /wastewater in a treatment zone at the selected free SO 2 content and the selected pH for about 10 to about 60 minutes; (c) withdrawing wastewater from the treatment zone, the withdrawn wastewater containing substantially no coliform bacteria; and (d) neutralizing the wastewater withdrawn from the treatment zone to a pH of from about 6 to about 8 and dissolving oxygen in the wastewater withdrawn from the treatment zone to raise its oxygen content.

Claim 15

A continuous process for disinfecting wastewater containing coliform bacteria comprising the steps of: (a) combining the wastewater with sufficient SO 2 so that the wastewater has a selected free SO 2 content of from about 10 to about 150 mg/liter and a selected pH of from about 2 to about 3; (b) maintaining the combined SO 2 /wastewater in a treatment zone at the selected free SO 2 content and the selected pH for about 10 to about 60 minutes; (c) withdrawing wastewater from the treatment zone, the withdrawn wastewater containing substantially no coliform bacteria; and (d) neutralizing the wastewater withdrawn from the treatment zone to a pH of from about 6 to about 8 and dissolving oxygen in the wastewater withdrawn from the treatment zone to raise its oxygen content.

Claim 16

A continuous process for disinfecting wastewater containing infectious microorganisms comprising the steps of: (a) combining the wastewater with from about 10 to about 2000 mg of SO 2 per liter of wastewater so that the wastewater has a selected free SO 2 content of from about 10 to about 200 mg/liter and a selected pH of from about 1 to less than about 3; (b) maintaining the combined SO 2 wastewater in a treatment zone at the selected free SO 2 content and the selected pH for about 10 to about 60 minutes; and (c) withdrawing wastewater from the treatment zone, the withdrawn wastewater containing substantially no infectious microorganisms.

Claim 17

A continuous process for disinfecting wastewater containing infectious microorganisms comprising the steps of: (a) combining the wastewater with from about 10 to about 2000 mg of SO 2 per liter of wastewater so that the wastewater has a selected free SO 2 content of from about 10 to about 200 mg/liter and a selected pH of from about 1 to less than about 3; (b) maintaining the combined SO 2 wastewater in a treatment zone at the selected free SO 2 content and the selected pH for about 10 to about 60 minutes; and (c) withdrawing wastewater from the treatment zone, the withdrawn wastewater containing substantially no infectious microorganisms.

Claim 18

The process of claim 14 in which the wastewater is combined with at least about 200 mg of SO 2 per liter of

Claim 19

The process of claim 14 or 15 in which the wastewater is combined with no more than about 600 mg of SO 2 per liter of wastewater.

Claim 20

A continuous process for disinfecting wastewater containing infectious microorganisms comprising the steps of: (a) introducing only a first portion of the wastewater and a SO 2 containing gas into a gas-liquid contact zone for dissolving at least a portion of the SO 2 into the first portion of the wastewater, the first portion being introduced directly into the gas-liquid contact zone; (b) withdrawing wastewater containing SO 2 from the contact zone; (c) combining a second portion of the wastewater with SO 2 by (i) introducing substantially all of the withdrawn wastewater containing SO 2 directly into a mixing zone and (ii) introducing the second portion of the wastewater into the mixing zone; (d) maintaining the combined withdrawn wastewater and the second portion of the wastewater in a treatment zone for about 10 to about 60 minutes at a pH of from about 1 to about 4; and (e) withdrawing treated wastewater from the treatment zone, the withdrawn treated wastewater containing substantially no infectious microorganisms; wherein sufficient SO 2 is introduced into the contact zone so the water in the treatment zone has a selected free SO 2 content of at least about 5 mg/liter and less than about 200 mg/liter.

Claim 21

A continuous process for disinfecting wastewater containing infectious microorganisms comprising the steps of: (a) introducing only a first portion of the wastewater and a SO 2 containing gas into a gas-liquid contact zone for dissolving at least a portion of the SO 2 into the first portion of the wastewater, the first portion being introduced directly into the gas-liquid contact zone; (b) withdrawing wastewater containing SO 2 from the contact zone; (c) combining a second portion of the wastewater with SO 2 by (i) introducing substantially all of the withdrawn wastewater containing SO 2 directly into a mixing zone and (ii) introducing the second portion of the wastewater into the mixing zone; (d) maintaining the combined withdrawn wastewater and the second portion of the wastewater in a treatment zone for about 10 to about 60 minutes at a pH of from about 1 to about 4; and (e) withdrawing treated wastewater from the treatment zone, the withdrawn treated wastewater containing substantially no infectious microorganisms; wherein sufficient SO 2 is introduced into the contact zone so the water in the treatment zone has a selected free SO 2 content of at least about 5 mg/liter and less than about 200 mg/liter.

Claim 22

The process of claim 1 or 17 in which the infectious microorganism is coliform bacteria.

Claim 23

The process of claim 17 in which sufficient SO 2 is introduced into the contact zone so that the wastewater in the treatment zone has a selected free SO 2 content of at least about 10 mg/liter.

Claim 24

The process of claims 17 or 19 in which the amount of SO 2 introduced into the contact zone is such that the wastewater in the treatment zone has a selected free SO 2 content of less than about 150 mg/liter.

Claim 25

The process of claim 17 in which sufficient SO 2 is introduced into the gas-liquid contact zone that the wastewater withdrawn from the contact zone has a free SO 2 contact of at least about 10 mg/liter.

Claim 26

The process of claim 17 or 21 in which the first portion of the wastewater comprises from about 10 to about 70 volume percent of the total wastewater.

Claim 27

The process of claim 17 including the step of introducing SO 2 containing gas into the mixing zone.

Claim 28

The process of claim 17 in which the step of maintaining comprises maintaining the contents of the treatment zone at the selected free SO 2 content in the substantial absence of particulate iron.

Claim 29

The process of claim 17 in which the step of maintaining comprises maintaining the contents of the treatment zone unagitated.

Claim 30

A continuous process for disinfecting wastewater containing coliform bacteria comprising the steps of: (a) introducing only a first portion of the wastewater and a SO 2 containing gas into a gas-liquid contact zone for dissolving at least a portion of the SO 2 into the first portion of the wastewater, the first portion being introduced directly into the gas-liquid contact zone; (b) withdrawing wastewater containing dissolved SO 2 from the contact zone; (c) combining a second portion of the wastewater with SO 2 by (i) introducing substantially all of the withdrawn wastewater containing SO 2 directly into a mixing zone and (ii) introducing the second portion of the wastewater into the mixing zone; (d) maintaining the combined withdrawn wastewater and the second portion of the wastewater in a treatment zone for a residence time of about 10 to about 60 minutes at a pH of from about 1 to about 4; (e) withdrawing wastewater containing substantially no coliform bacteria from the treatment zone; and (f) neutralizing the wastewater withdrawn from the treatment zone to a pH of from about 6 to about 8 and dissolving oxygen in the wastewater withdrawn from the treatment zone to raise its oxygen content, wherein sufficient SO 2 is introduced into the contact zone in that the wastewater in the treatment zone has a selected free SO 2 content of from about 10 to about 150 mg/liter.

Claim 31

A continuous process for disinfecting wastewater containing coliform bacteria comprising the steps of: (a) introducing only a first portion of the wastewater and a SO 2 containing gas into a gas-liquid contact zone for dissolving at least a portion of the SO 2 into the first portion of the wastewater, the first portion being introduced directly into the gas-liquid contact zone; (b) withdrawing wastewater containing dissolved SO 2 from the contact zone; (c) combining a second portion of the wastewater with SO 2 by (i) introducing substantially all of the withdrawn wastewater containing SO 2 directly into a mixing zone and (ii) introducing the second portion of the wastewater into the mixing zone; (d) maintaining the combined withdrawn wastewater and the second portion of the wastewater in a treatment zone for a residence time of about 10 to about 60 minutes at a pH of from about 1 to about 4; (e) withdrawing wastewater containing substantially no coliform bacteria from the treatment zone; and (f) neutralizing the wastewater withdrawn from the treatment zone to a pH of from about 6 to about 8 and dissolving oxygen in the wastewater withdrawn from the treatment zone to raise its oxygen content, wherein sufficient SO 2 is introduced into the contact zone in that the wastewater in the treatment zone has a selected free SO 2 content of from about 10 to about 150 mg/liter.

Claim 32

A continuous process for disinfecting wastewater containing coliform bacteria comprising the steps of: (a) combining the wastewater with sufficient SO 2 so that the wastewater has (a) a free SO 2 content no less than a selected free SO 2 content of from about 10 to about 150 mg/liter and (b) a pH of from about 1 to about 4; (b) maintaining the combined SO 2 /wastewater in a treatment zone at the selected free SO 2 content and the selected pH for about 10 to about 60 minutes; (c) withdrawing wastewater containing substantially no coliform bacteria from the treatment zone; (d) removing contaminants from the wastewater withdrawn from the treatment zone by increasing its pH to at least about 8, flocculating it, and removing flocculated material from the flocculated wastewater; and (e) neutralizing the flocculated wastewater and dissolvihng oxygen in the flocculated wastewater.

Claim 33

A continuous process for disinfecting wastewater containing coliform bacteria comprising the steps of: (a) combining the wastewater with sufficient SO 2 so that the wastewater has (a) a free SO 2 content no less than a selected free SO 2 content of from about 10 to about 150 mg/liter and (b) a pH of from about 1 to about 4; (b) maintaining the combined SO 2 /wastewater in a treatment zone at the selected free SO 2 content and the selected pH for about 10 to about 60 minutes; (c) withdrawing wastewater containing substantially no coliform bacteria from the treatment zone; (d) removing contaminants from the wastewater withdrawn from the treatment zone by increasing its pH to at least about 8, flocculating it, and removing flocculated material from the flocculated wastewater; and (e) neutralizing the flocculated wastewater and dissolvihng oxygen in the flocculated wastewater.