US4302722A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Induction logging utilizing resistive and reactive induced signal components to determine conductivity and coefficient of anisotropy
Assignee: Schlumberger Technology Corp
•
Filing: 1979-06-15
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Granted: 1981-11-24
•
Expires: 1999-06-15
Abstract
Abstract The invention is directed to induction logging apparatus and method for obtaining measurements dependent upon the vertical conductivity component of formations surrounding a borehole. The disclosed techniques can also be used to determine horizontal as well as vertical conductivity of the formations, and thereby achieve determination of formation anisotropy. A transmitter coil is provided with its axis substantially perpendicular to the borehole axis. A receiver coil is provided in spaced relation to the transmitter coil. The axis of the receiver coil is also substantially perpendicular to the borehole axis, and is preferably parallel to the axis of the transmitter coil. Means are provided for detecting signals induced in the receiver coil, these signals being a measure of the formation vertical conductivity. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the detecting means is operative to detect both the resistive and reactive components of the signals induced in the receiver coils. Indications of formation vertical conductivity are obtained by combining the detected resistive and reactive components. In a further form of the invention, the formation horizontal conductivity can also be obtained from the detected resistive and reactive components. Alternatively, horizontal conductivity may be determined using a pair of spaced coils having a common axis aligned with the borehole axis.
Inventors
- 👤 Stanley Gianzero
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-29 15:03
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01V; G01V3/00; G01V3/18; G01V3/26; G01V3/28
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 34
Claim 1
Independent Claim
87 words
Apparatus for determining the vertical conductivity of formations surrounding a borehole, comprising: a transmitter coil having an axis substantially perpendicular to the borehole axis; a receiver coil spaced from said transmitter coil and having an axis which is substantially parallel to the axis of said transmitter coil; means for energizing said transmitter coil; means for detecting the resistive and reactive components of the signals induced in said receiver coil; and means responsive to the detected components for obtaining a measure of the vertical conductivity of said formations.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
87 words
Apparatus for determining the vertical conductivity of formations surrounding a borehole, comprising: a transmitter coil having an axis substantially perpendicular to the borehole axis; a receiver coil spaced from said transmitter coil and having an axis which is substantially parallel to the axis of said transmitter coil; means for energizing said transmitter coil; means for detecting the resistive and reactive components of the signals induced in said receiver coil; and means responsive to the detected components for obtaining a measure of the vertical conductivity of said formations.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
25 words
Apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said means for obtaining a measure of vertical conductivity comprises means for combining said resistive and reactive components.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
24 words
Apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said transmitter coil and receiver coil are mounted in a mechanically passive manner on a support member.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
24 words
Apparatus as defined by claim 2 wherein said transmitter coil and receiver coil are mounted in a mechanically passive manner on a support member.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
84 words
Apparatus as defined by claim 1 further comprising: a second transmitter coil having an axis substantially parallel to the borehole axis; a second receiver coil spaced from said second transmitter coil and having an axis substantially parallel to the borehole axis; means for energizing said second transmitter coil; and means for detecting signals induced in said second receiver coil as a result of energizing said second transmitter coil, said signal induced in said second receiver coil being a measure of the formation horizontal conductivity.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
84 words
Apparatus as defined by claim 2 further comprising: a second transmitter coil having an axis substantially parallel to the borehole axis; a second receiver coil spaced from said second transmitter coil and having an axis substantially parallel to the borehole axis; means for energizing said second transmitter coil; and means for detecting signals induced in said second receiver coil as a result of energizing said second transmitter coil, said signal induced in said second receiver coil being a measure of the formation horizontal conductivity.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
20 words
Apparatus as defined by claim 5 wherein said energizing means is adapted to energize said transmitter coils in alternating fashion.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
20 words
Apparatus as defined by claim 6 wherein said energizing means is adapted to energize said transmitter coils in alternating fashion.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
31 words
Apparatus as defined by claim 6 further comprising means responsive to said means for detecting signals induced in said receiver coil and said second receiver coil for determining the formation anisotropy.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
89 words
Apparatus for determining the coefficient of anisotropy of formations surrounding a borehole, comprising: a transmitter coil having an axis substantially perpendicular to the borehole axis; a receiver coil spaced from said transmitter coil and having an axis which is substantially parallel to the axis of said transmitter coil; means for energizing said transmitter coil; means for detecting the resistive and reactive components of the signals induced in said receiver coil; and means responsive to the detected components for obtaining a measure of the coefficient of anisotropy of said formations.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
89 words
Apparatus for determining the coefficient of anisotropy of formations surrounding a borehole, comprising: a transmitter coil having an axis substantially perpendicular to the borehole axis; a receiver coil spaced from said transmitter coil and having an axis which is substantially parallel to the axis of said transmitter coil; means for energizing said transmitter coil; means for detecting the resistive and reactive components of the signals induced in said receiver coil; and means responsive to the detected components for obtaining a measure of the coefficient of anisotropy of said formations.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
27 words
Apparatus as defined by claim 10 wherein said means for obtaining a measure of the coefficient of anisotropy comprises means for combining said resistive and reactive components.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
24 words
Apparatus as defined by claim 10 wherein said transmitter coil and receiver coil are mounted in a mechanically passive manner on a support member.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
24 words
Apparatus as defined by claim 11 wherein said transmitter coil and receiver coil are mounted in a mechanically passive manner on a support member.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
84 words
Apparatus as defined by claim 10 further comprising: a second transmitter coil having an axis substantially parallel to the borehole axis; a second receiver coil spaced from said second transmitter coil and having an axis substantially parallel to the borehole axis; means for energizing said second transmitter coil; and means for detecting signals induced in said second receiver coil as a result of energizing said second transmitter coil, said signal induced in said second receiver coil being a measure of the formation horizontal conductivity.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
84 words
Apparatus as defined by claim 11 further comprising: a second transmitter coil having an axis substantially parallel to the borehole axis; a second receiver coil spaced from said second transmitter coil and having an axis substantially parallel to the borehole axis; means for energizing said second transmitter coil; and means for detecting signals induced in said second receiver coil as a result of energizing said second transmitter coil, said signal induced in said second receiver coil being a measure of the formation horizontal conductivity.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
20 words
Apparatus as defined by claim 14 wherein said energizing means is adapted to energize said transmitter coils in alternating fashion.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
20 words
Apparatus as defined by claim 15 wherein said energizing means is adapted to energize said transmitter coils in alternating fashion.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
87 words
Apparatus for determining the vertical and horizontal conductivities of formations surrounding a borehole, comprising: a transmitter coil having an axis substantially perpendicular to the borehole axis; a receiver coil spaced from said transmitter coil and having an axis which is also perpendicular to the borehole axis; means for energizing said transmitter coil; means for detecting the resistive and reactive components of signals induced in said receiver coil; and means for combining said detected resistive and reactive components to determine the vertical and horizontal conductivities of said formations.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
87 words
Apparatus for determining the vertical and horizontal conductivities of formations surrounding a borehole, comprising: a transmitter coil having an axis substantially perpendicular to the borehole axis; a receiver coil spaced from said transmitter coil and having an axis which is also perpendicular to the borehole axis; means for energizing said transmitter coil; means for detecting the resistive and reactive components of signals induced in said receiver coil; and means for combining said detected resistive and reactive components to determine the vertical and horizontal conductivities of said formations.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
20 words
Apparatus as defined by claim 18 wherein said receiver coil has its axis oriented substantially parallel to said transmitter coil.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
24 words
Apparatus as defined by claim 18 wherein said transmitter coil and receiver coil are mounted in a mechanically passive manner on a support member.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
24 words
Apparatus as defined by claim 19 wherein said transmitter coil and receiver coil are mounted in a mechanically passive manner on a support member.
Claim 25
Independent Claim
73 words
A method for determining the vertical conductivity of formations surrounding a borehole, comprising the steps of: suspending spaced transmitter and receiver coils in the borehole, the coils having axes which are substantially parallel to each other and substantially perpendicular to the borehole axis; energizing the transmitter coil; detecting the resistive and reactive components of the signals induced in the receiver coil; and determining formation vertical conductivity from said detected resistive and reactive components.
Claim 26
Independent Claim
73 words
A method for determining the vertical conductivity of formations surrounding a borehole, comprising the steps of: suspending spaced transmitter and receiver coils in the borehole, the coils having axes which are substantially parallel to each other and substantially perpendicular to the borehole axis; energizing the transmitter coil; detecting the resistive and reactive components of the signals induced in the receiver coil; and determining formation vertical conductivity from said detected resistive and reactive components.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method as defined by claim 22 wherein said determining step comprises combining the detected resistive and reactive components.
Claim 28
Independent Claim
79 words
A method for determining the vertical and horizontal conductivities of formations surrounding a borehole, comprising the steps of: suspending spaced transmitter and receiver coils in a borehole, the transmitter and receiver coils having substantially parallel axes which are substantially perpendicular to the borehole axis; energizing the transmitter coil; detecting the resistive and reactive components of signals induced in the receiver coil; and combining the detected resistive and reactive components to determine the vertical and horizontal conductivities of said formations.
Claim 29
Independent Claim
79 words
A method for determining the vertical and horizontal conductivities of formations surrounding a borehole, comprising the steps of: suspending spaced transmitter and receiver coils in a borehole, the transmitter and receiver coils having substantially parallel axes which are substantially perpendicular to the borehole axis; energizing the transmitter coil; detecting the resistive and reactive components of signals induced in the receiver coil; and combining the detected resistive and reactive components to determine the vertical and horizontal conductivities of said formations.
Claim 30
Independent Claim
70 words
A method for determining the vertical conductivity of formations surrounding a borehole, comprising the steps of: deriving, from spaced parallel transmitting and receiving coils positioned in the borehole with their axes substantially perpendicular to the borehole axis, the resistive and reactive components of the signals induced in the receiver coil as a result of energizing the transmitter coil; and determining formation vertical conductivity from the derived resistive and reactive components.
Claim 31
Independent Claim
70 words
A method for determining the vertical conductivity of formations surrounding a borehole, comprising the steps of: deriving, from spaced parallel transmitting and receiving coils positioned in the borehole with their axes substantially perpendicular to the borehole axis, the resistive and reactive components of the signals induced in the receiver coil as a result of energizing the transmitter coil; and determining formation vertical conductivity from the derived resistive and reactive components.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method as defined by claim 25 wherein said determining step comprises combining the derived resistive and reactive components.
Claim 33
Independent Claim
76 words
A method for determining the vertical and horizontal conductivities of formations surrounding a borehole, comprising the steps of: deriving, from spaced parallel transmitting and receiving coils positioned in the borehole with their axes substantially perpendicular to the borehole axis, the resistive and reactive components of signals induced in the receiver coil as a result of energizing the transmitter coil; and combining said resistive and reactive components to determine the vertical and horizontal conductivities of said formations.
Claim 34
Independent Claim
76 words
A method for determining the vertical and horizontal conductivities of formations surrounding a borehole, comprising the steps of: deriving, from spaced parallel transmitting and receiving coils positioned in the borehole with their axes substantially perpendicular to the borehole axis, the resistive and reactive components of signals induced in the receiver coil as a result of energizing the transmitter coil; and combining said resistive and reactive components to determine the vertical and horizontal conductivities of said formations.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1984-11-23 | 1985-05-25 | 1985-11-24 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1988-11-23 | 1989-05-25 | 1989-11-24 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1992-11-23 | 1993-05-25 | 1993-11-24 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |