US4299887A
Expired / Lapsed
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Temperature sensitive electrical element, and method and material for making the same
Assignee: Northrop Grumman Space and Mission Systems Corp
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Filing: 1979-05-07
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Granted: 1981-11-10
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Expires: 1999-05-07
Abstract
Abstract A temperature sensitive electrical element and method of making the same comprising the steps of applying to the surface of a substrate and firing a mixture of glass frit and particles of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), and titanium metal. The mixture is fired in a non oxidizing, inert, or reducing atmosphere at a temperature which softens of the glass frit. When cooled, an element is provided with a glass film strongly bonded to the substrate and having dispersed therein conductive particles mainly of titanium oxide (Ti 2 O 3 ). The element produced can be terminated by the use of electroless plating and provides a substantially linear resistance to temperature characteristic and a relatively high temperature coefficient of resistance.
Inventors
- 👤 Robert G. Howell
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-05 10:51
CPC Classifications
H; H01; H01C; H01C17/00; H01C17/06; H01C17/065; H01C17/06506; H01C17/06513; H01C17/06533; Y; Y10; Y10T; Y10T428/00; Y10T428/25; Y10T428/256
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 29
Claim 1
Independent Claim
58 words
A material consisting essentially of a mixture of particles of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), titanium metal, and a glass frit, the glass frit being present in an amount of about 50 to 60% by weight and the particles of titanium metal being present in an amount of about 70 to 130% by weight of the titanium oxide.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
58 words
A material consisting essentially of a mixture of particles of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), titanium metal, and a glass frit, the glass frit being present in an amount of about 50 to 60% by weight and the particles of titanium metal being present in an amount of about 70 to 130% by weight of the titanium oxide.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
17 words
A resistor material in accordance with claim 1, in which the glass frit is a borosilicate glass.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
21 words
A resistor material in accordance with claim 1 or 2 in which the glass frit is an alkaline earth borosilicate glass.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
17 words
An electrical element formed by firing on a substrate the material of claim 1, 2 or 3.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
57 words
A temperature sensitive electrical element characterized by a highly linear resistance to temperature relationship and a relatively high negative temperature coefficient of resistance comprising a substrate and a resistor, the resistor including a film of glass on a surface of the substrate having embedded therein and dispersed therethroughout conductive particles composed mainly of an oxide of titanium.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
57 words
A temperature sensitive electrical element characterized by a highly linear resistance to temperature relationship and a relatively high negative temperature coefficient of resistance comprising a substrate and a resistor, the resistor including a film of glass on a surface of the substrate having embedded therein and dispersed therethroughout conductive particles composed mainly of an oxide of titanium.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
28 words
An electrical element in accordance with claim 5 in which the glass is present in an amount of about 50 to 65% by weight of the resistance element.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
36 words
An electrical element in accordance with claim 5 in which the titanium oxide particles are mainly particles of titanium oxide (Ti 2 O 3 ) embedded in and dispersed throughout the glass film of the resistor.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
27 words
An electrical element in accordance with claim 7 in which the glass is present in an amount of 50 to 65% by weight of the resistance element.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
16 words
An electrical element in accordance with claim 8 in which the glass is a borosilicate glass.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
48 words
An electrical element in accordance with claim 5 or 8 in which the resistance to temperature relationship of the resistor is highly linear with a deviation of resistance from linearity of not more than 2% for any temperature interval of 100° C. between -55° C. and +150° C.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
51 words
An electrical element in accordance with claim 5 or 8 in which the glass is present in an amount of 50 to 65% by weight and is an alkaline earth borosilicate glass, and the resistor provides a highly negative temperature coefficient of resistance of at least about 2000 parts per million/°C.
Claim 14
Independent Claim
117 words
A method of making a temperature sensitive electrical element characterized by a highly linear resistance to temperature relationship and a relatively high negative temperature coefficient of resistance comprising the steps of (a) coating a surface of a substrate with a mixture of glass frit and particles consisting essentially of titanium comprising titanium dioxide, and titanium metal, (b) firing the mixture in an atmosphere and at a temperature to soften the glass and provide therein conductive titanium oxide particles mainly of titanium oxide (Ti 2 O 3 ), and then (c) cooling the coated substrate to form a resistor film of glass having conductive titanium oxide particles mainly of titanium oxide (Ti 2 O 3 ) dispersed therethroughout.
Claim 15
Independent Claim
117 words
A method of making a temperature sensitive electrical element characterized by a highly linear resistance to temperature relationship and a relatively high negative temperature coefficient of resistance comprising the steps of (a) coating a surface of a substrate with a mixture of glass frit and particles consisting essentially of titanium comprising titanium dioxide, and titanium metal, (b) firing the mixture in an atmosphere and at a temperature to soften the glass and provide therein conductive titanium oxide particles mainly of titanium oxide (Ti 2 O 3 ), and then (c) cooling the coated substrate to form a resistor film of glass having conductive titanium oxide particles mainly of titanium oxide (Ti 2 O 3 ) dispersed therethroughout.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method in accordance with claim 12 in which the particles containing titanium of step (a) are present in an amount of 35 to 50% by weight.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
43 words
The method in accordance with claim 12 in which in step (a) the titanium metal is present in an amount of 70 to 130% by weight of the titanium dioxide and the glass frit is 50 to 65% by weight of the mixture.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method in accordance with claim 14 in which the particles containing titanium of step (a) are present in an amount of 35 to 50% by weight.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
33 words
The method in accordance with claim 12, 13, 14 or 15 in which in step (b) the mixture is fired at a temperature of at least 600° C. in a non oxidizing atmosphere.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
33 words
The method in accordance with claim 12, 13, 14 or 15 in which in step (b) the mixture is fired at a temperature between 600° C. and 1150° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
90 words
The method in accordance with claim 12, 13, 14 or 15 in which the proportions of the components of the mixture of step (a) and the firing temperature of step (b) are selected to provide an electrical element in which the resistance to temperature relationship is highly linear with a deviation of resistance from linearity of not more than 2% for any temperature interval of 100° C. between -55° C. and +150° C., and provides a highly negative temperature coefficient of resistance of at least about 2000 parts per million/°C.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
113 words
A temperature sensitive electrical element characterized by a highly linear resistance to temperature relationship and a relatively high negative temperature coefficient of resistance made by the steps of (a) coating a surface of a substrate with a mixture of glass frit and particles consisting essentially of titanium comprising titanium dioxide, and titanium metal (b) firing the mixture in an atmosphere and at a temperature to soften the glass and provide therein conductive titanium oxide particles mainly of titanium oxide (Ti 2 O 3 ), and then (c) cooling the coated substrate to form a resistor film of glass having conductive titanium particles mainly of titanium oxide (Ti 2 O 3 ) dispersed therethroughout.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
113 words
A temperature sensitive electrical element characterized by a highly linear resistance to temperature relationship and a relatively high negative temperature coefficient of resistance made by the steps of (a) coating a surface of a substrate with a mixture of glass frit and particles consisting essentially of titanium comprising titanium dioxide, and titanium metal (b) firing the mixture in an atmosphere and at a temperature to soften the glass and provide therein conductive titanium oxide particles mainly of titanium oxide (Ti 2 O 3 ), and then (c) cooling the coated substrate to form a resistor film of glass having conductive titanium particles mainly of titanium oxide (Ti 2 O 3 ) dispersed therethroughout.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
28 words
The electrical element in accordance with claim 19 in which the particles containing titanium of step (a) are present in the amount of 35 to 50% by weight.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
43 words
The electrical element in accordance with claim 19 in which in step (a) titanium metal is present in an amount of 70 to 130% by weight of the titanium dioxide and the glass frit is 50 to 65% by weight of the mixture.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
28 words
The electrical element in accordance with claim 21 in which the particles containing titanium of step (a) are present in an amount of 35 to 50% by weight.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
34 words
The electrical element in accordance with claim 19, 20, 21 or 22 in which in step (b) the mixture is fired at a temperature of at least 600° C. in a non oxidizing atmosphere.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
34 words
The electrical element in accordance with claim 19, 20, 21 or 22 in which in step (b) the mixture is fired at a temperature between 600° C. and 1150° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
91 words
The electrical element in accordance with claim 19, 20, 21 or 22 in which the proportions of the components of the mixture of step (a) and the firing temperature of step (b) are selected to provide an electrical element in which the resistance to temperature relationship is highly linear with a deviation of resistance from linearity of not more than 2% for any temperature interval of 100° C. between -55° C. and +150° C., and provides a highly negative temperature coefficient of resistance of at least about 2000 parts per million/°C.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1984-11-09 | 1985-05-11 | 1985-11-10 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1988-11-09 | 1989-05-11 | 1989-11-10 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1992-11-09 | 1993-05-11 | 1993-11-10 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |