US4296608A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Cryogenic ceramic and apparatus
Assignee: Corning Glass Works
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Filing: 1980-05-22
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Granted: 1981-10-27
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Expires: 2000-05-22
Abstract
Abstract Ceramic material, and cryogenic refrigeration apparatus containing thermal energy absorbing elements made of the ceramic material, which is a dielectric insulator and has values of specific heat at selected temperatures below 15° K. that are greater than or at least equal to the values of specific heat of pure lead at those same temperatures. Material consists essentially of a crystalline phase with a composition defined by the molar formula selected from: (1) AB 2 O 4 where A is Group 2b metal ions with or without other divalent metal ions and B is Cr ion with or without other trivalent metal ions, (2) AB 2 O 6 where A is Mn and/or Ni ion(s) with or without other divalent metal ions and B is Nb and/or Ta ion(s), and (3) A 2 BCO 6 where A is Pb ion with or without other divalent metal ions, B is Gd or Mn with or without other trivalent metal ions and C is Nb and/or Ta ion(s). Elements include regenerator packings, thermal dampers and dielectric insulation.
Inventors
- 👤 William N. Lawless
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-30 19:53
CPC Classifications
F; F25; F25D; F25D3/00; C; C04; C04B; C04B35/00; C04B35/01; C04B35/42; C04B35/495; F25B; F25B9/00; F25B9/14; H; H01; H01B; H01B3/00; H01B3/02; H01B3/12; F25B2309/00; F25B2309/003; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S505/00; Y10S505/825; Y10S505/888; Y10S505/896
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 21
Claim 1
Independent Claim
139 words
Sintered ceramic material: (a) characterized by (1) being a dielectric insulator and (2) having values of specific heat at selected temperatures below 15° K. that are greater than or at least equal to the values of specific heat of pure Pb at those same temperatures, and (b) consisting essentially of a crystalline phase with a composition defined by the molar formula A 2 BCO 6 wherein A is selected from Pb ion alone or in combination with one or more of other divalent metal ions where at least about 90 mole % of A is Pb ion, B is Gd ion alone or in combination with one or more of other trivalent metal ions where at least about 90 mole % of B is Gd ion, and C is selected from one or both of Nb and Ta ions.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
139 words
Sintered ceramic material: (a) characterized by (1) being a dielectric insulator and (2) having values of specific heat at selected temperatures below 15° K. that are greater than or at least equal to the values of specific heat of pure Pb at those same temperatures, and (b) consisting essentially of a crystalline phase with a composition defined by the molar formula A 2 BCO 6 wherein A is selected from Pb ion alone or in combination with one or more of other divalent metal ions where at least about 90 mole % of A is Pb ion, B is Gd ion alone or in combination with one or more of other trivalent metal ions where at least about 90 mole % of B is Gd ion, and C is selected from one or both of Nb and Ta ions.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
9 words
Material of claim 1 wherein A is Pb ion.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
9 words
Material of claim 2 wherein B is Gd ion.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
9 words
Material of claim 3 wherein C is Nb ion.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
16 words
Material of claim 1 wherein A is Pb ion plus other divalent metal ion or ions.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
18 words
Material of claim 5 wherein the other divalent metal ion is Zn ion and C is Ta ion.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
16 words
Material of claim 1 wherein B is Gd ion plus other trivalent metal ion or ions.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
201 words
In cryogenic refrigeration apparatus comprising a load to be refrigerated, a refrigerant adapted to refrigerate the load at temperatures below 15° K., thermal energy absorbing elements associated with the refrigerant and adapted to function at temperatures below 15° K., wherein the improvement comprises at least one of the thermal energy absorbing elements being composed of sintered ceramic material: (a) characterized by (1) being a dielectric insulator and (2) having values of specific heat at selected temperatures below 15° K. that are greater than or at least equal to the values of specific heat of pure Pb at those same temperatures, and (b) consisting essentially of a crystalline phase with a composition defined by the molar formula A 2 BCO 6 wherein A is selected from Pb ion alone or in combination with one or more of other divalent metal ions where at least about 90 mole % of A is Pb ion, B is either Gd ion or Mn ion alone or in combination with one or more of other trivalent metal ions where at least about 90 mole % of B is Gd ion or Mn ion, and C is selected from one or both of Nb and Ta ions.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
201 words
In cryogenic refrigeration apparatus comprising a load to be refrigerated, a refrigerant adapted to refrigerate the load at temperatures below 15° K., thermal energy absorbing elements associated with the refrigerant and adapted to function at temperatures below 15° K., wherein the improvement comprises at least one of the thermal energy absorbing elements being composed of sintered ceramic material: (a) characterized by (1) being a dielectric insulator and (2) having values of specific heat at selected temperatures below 15° K. that are greater than or at least equal to the values of specific heat of pure Pb at those same temperatures, and (b) consisting essentially of a crystalline phase with a composition defined by the molar formula A 2 BCO 6 wherein A is selected from Pb ion alone or in combination with one or more of other divalent metal ions where at least about 90 mole % of A is Pb ion, B is either Gd ion or Mn ion alone or in combination with one or more of other trivalent metal ions where at least about 90 mole % of B is Gd ion or Mn ion, and C is selected from one or both of Nb and Ta ions.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
38 words
The apparatus of claim 8 wherein the refrigerant is fluid refrigerant, and the at least one of the elements is regenerator packing adapted to alternately take up thermal energy from and give up thermal energy to the refrigerant.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
29 words
The apparatus of claim 8 wherein said at least one of the elements is a thermal damper connected to the load and interposed between the load and the refrigerant.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
44 words
The apparatus of claim 8 wherein the load includes at least one superconducting component, and the at least one of the elements is dielectric insulation associated with the at least one component to electrically insulate the component from other conductive parts of the apparatus.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
9 words
Apparatus of claim 8 wherein A is Pb ion.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
9 words
Apparatus of claim 12 wherein B is Gd ion.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
9 words
Apparatus of claim 13 wherein C is Nb ion.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
9 words
Apparatus of claim 12 wherein B is Mn ion.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
9 words
Apparatus of claim 15 wherein C is Ta ion.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
16 words
Apparatus of claim 8 wherein A is Pb ion plus other divalent metal ion or ions.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
16 words
Apparatus of claim 8 wherein B is Gd ion plus other trivalent metal ion or ions.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
16 words
Apparatus of claim 8 wherein B is Mn ion plus other trivalent metal ion or ions.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US3638440A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1984-10-26 | 1985-04-27 | 1985-10-27 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1988-10-26 | 1989-04-27 | 1989-10-27 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1992-10-26 | 1993-04-27 | 1993-10-27 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |